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ISSN 2522-1841 (Online) AZERBAIJAN CHEMICAL JOURNAL № 4 2022 ISSN 0005-2531 (Print)
UDC 574.057+547.51+547.7/.8
NEW SYNTHESIS OF 3- AND 1,3-PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES BASED ON
1-CYCLOALKYL-2,3-DICHLORO-1-PROPANONES
1 12 1 E.I.Mammadov , V.A.Huseynova , S.T.Mekhtieva , S.Q.Ismayilova
Azerbaijan Technical University 2Ganja State University
huseynova.vaqifa@mail.ru
Received 13.07.2022 Accepted 17.08.2022
1-Cycloalkyl-2-propene-1-ones were synthesized by electrophilic addition of cycloalkanecarboxylic acid chlorides and its mono- and dichloride-substituted derivatives to ethylene in the presence of an AlCl3 catalyst at a temperature of -10 - -150C in a dichloroethane medium. The resulting vinyl ketones were converted by chlorination in CCl4 at -50C to the corresponding 1-cycloalkyl-2,3-dichloro-1-propanones, which form 1-R-3-cycloalkylpyrazoles with hydrazine and phenylhydrazine in ethanol or toluene. The structure of the obtained pyrazoles was confirmed by the data of IR and H1NMR spectra and the determination of physical-chemical constants. Thus, preparative methods for the synthesis of 3- and 1,3-pyrazole derivatives have been developed for the first time.
Keywords: cycloalkanecarboxylic chlorides; 1-cycloalkyl-2-propene-1-ones; 1-cycloalkyl-2,3-dichloro-1-propanones; 3- and 1,3-substitutedpyrazoles; electrophilic addition reaction; chlorination of vinylketones.
doi.org/10.32 73 7/0005-2531-2022-4-89-94
Introduction
Five-membered heterocyclic compounds with one or two heteroatoms are often found among natural compounds, and therefore, the development of new simple methods for the synthesis of such is one of the important problems of modern organic chemistry [1-2]. Functional derivatives of pyrazoles are widely used as effective drug preparations and crop protection chemicals in the form of herbicides and pesticides [3-7]. The composition of some dyes used in the food industry also includes a fragment of pyrazole [7, 8]. Therefore, the search for reactive synthons to construct a functionally substituted pyrazole ring and the synthesis of new representatives of these heterocyclic compounds is of both scientific and practical interest.
The interaction of a,P-unsaturated ketones and P-chlorovinyl ketones with hydrazine and its alkyl or aryl derivatives leads to pyrazo-line and pyrazole cycles, which is one of the most important transition reactions to five-membered heterocyclic compounds with two heteroatoms [9-14].
In these reactions, the use of a,P-unsaturated ketones as initial compounds would be more acceptable, since they are synthesized by available methods compared to P-chloro-vinyl ketones [15].
Experimental part
IR spectra have been recorded on a UR-20 spectrometer in the form of a thin layer, and H1NMR spectra have been recorded on a Bruker AM-360 instrument (360 MHz), internal standard was HMDS or TMS.
The initial cycloalkanecarboxylic chlorides (Ia-d) have been obtained by the interaction of the corresponding cycloalkanecarboxylic acids with phosphorus trichloride or thionyl chloride according to the technique [16, 17].
Preparation of 1-cyclohexyl-2-propen-1-one (IIa). 100 ml of dichloroethane is added into a three-necked flask, cooled to a temperature of -15° - -20°C, then 14.7 g (0.11 mol) of AlCl3 and 14.6 (0.1 mol) of cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride are added dropwise with stirring. At a temperature of -15°C, an ethylene flow is supplied by an inlet tube. After the absorption of an equi-
molecular amount of ethylene (the absorption of ethylene usually sharply decreases at the end of the reaction), the reaction mass is stirred up to room temperature and decomposed with iced water acidified with hydrochloric acid. The organic layer is mixed with ether extracts, washed with water, and dried over anhydrous CaCl2. 1-cyclohexyl-2-propen-1-one is obtained by distillation under vacuum, some characteristics and values of yield are given in the Table.
According to the abovementioned method, 1-(1-chlorocyclohexyl)-2-propen-1-one (lib), 1-(4-chlorocyclohexyl)-2-propen-1-one (Ilc) and 1-(1,4-dichlorocyclohexyl)-2-propen-1 -one (lid) have been obtained, the characteristics and yields of which are given in the Table.
Obtaining 1-cyclohexyl-2,3-dichloro-1-propanone (IIIa). 13.8g (0.1 mol) of 1-cyclohexyl-2-propen-1-one (Ila) and 30 ml of CCl4 are placed in a chlorinator and cooled to -50C. A weak chlorine flow obtained by the interaction of concentrated hydrochloric acid with KMnO4 is passed through the chlorinator. The chlorine flow is stopped after the weight of the chlorinator with the content becomes less than theoretical one ~5%. Usually, at the end of the reaction, the absorption of chlorine decreases sharply and a yellow color appears. The reaction mass is quickly treated with a 10% sodium hyposulfite solution, washed with water, mixed with an ether extract, and dried over anhydrous MgSO4. The solvents are removed with a water-jet air pump and the residue is distilled under vacuum. Some characteristics and yield of 1-cyclohexyl-2,3-dichloro-1-propanone (IIIa) are given in the Table.
1-(1 -chlorocyclohexyl)-2,3-dichloro-1 -pro-panone (IIIb), 1-(4-chlorocyclohexyl)-2,3-di-chloro-1-propanone (IIIc) and 1-(1,4-dichlo-rocycl ohexyl) -2,3-dichloro-1 -propanone (IIId) have been obtained according to the above-mentioned method, the properties and yields of which are given in the Table.
Obtaining pyrazoles IVa-d, Va-d.
3-Cyclohexylpyrazole (IVa). 20.9 g (0.1 mol) of 1-cyclohexyl-2,3-dichloro-1-propanone
(IIIa) dissolved in 30 ml of ethanol is added dropwise to 0.33 mol of hydrazine hydrate solution in 100 ml of ethanol at 0 □ -50C, stirred for 4-5 hours at 70-750C, cooled, the main part of ethanol is distilled, 200 ml of water is added to this mixture and extracted with ether (2x100 ml) and methylene chloride (2x50 ml). The combined extracts are washed with water and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The solvents are distilled off, and the rest is distilled in vacuum in the nitrogen stream and consequently pyra-zole IVa (Table) is obtained.
3-(1-chlorocyclohexyl) pyrazole (IVb), 3-(4-chlorocyclohexyl) pyrazole (IVc) and 3-(1,4-dichlorocyclohexyl) pyrazole (IVd) were synthesized by the method for the preparation of pyrazole IVa, some characteristics and the outputs of which are given in the table.
1-Phenyl-3-cyclohexylpyrazole (Va). At room temperature and stirring, 10.5 g (0.05 mol) of 1-cyclohexyl-2,3-dichloro-1-propanone (IIIa) dissolved in 10 ml of toluene is added to the 17.3 g (0.16 mol) of phenylhydrazine solution in 50 ml of toluene, heated at 85-900C for 5-6 hours, cooled, washed with water, mixed with ether extracts (2*100 ml) and dried over Na2SO4.
The solvents are distilled off, and the residue is distilled in vacuum in the nitrogen stream and consequently pyrazole Va (Table) is obtained.
Synthesis procedure Va was used to obtain 1-phenyl-3-(1-chlorocyclohexyl) pyrazole (Vb), 1-phenyl-3-(4-chlorocyclohexyl) pyrazole (Vc) and 1-phenyl-3-(1,4-dichlorocyclohexyl) pyrazole (Vd), some characteristics and outputs of which are given in the Table.
Results and discussion
It is known that [9-12, 14, 19, 20] synthons containing P-haloid vinyl group with hydrazine and its alkyl- or aryl derivatives form substituted pyrazoles, however, these reactions are almost not common for cycloalkyl-sub-stituted P-haloidvinyl- and a, P- dihaloid alkyl-ketones [21].
NEW SYNTHESIS OF 3 - AND 1,3 -PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES..........91
Properties of compounds IIIa-d, IVa-d, Va-d
Compounds R R' Tboil,0C (mm Hg) n20 11D d20 4 Yield, %
IIa cycl-C6Hn - 89-91 (10) 1.4705 0.9318 86
IIb 1-Cl-cycl-C6H10 - 115-117 (10) 1.4970 1.0891 80
IIc 4-Cl-cycl-C6H10 - 120-123 (9) 1.4998 1.1191 76
IIIa cycl-C6Hn - 135-137(10) 1.4920 1.1899 80
IIIb 1-Cl-cycl-C6H10 - 148-152(5) 1.5120 1.3090 74
IIIc 4-Cl-cycl-C6H10 - 146-150(5) 1.5100 1.2822 75
IIId 1,4-Cl2-cycl-C6H9 - 162-165(5) 1.5225 1.3824 70
IVa cycl-C6Hn H 135-137(5) 1.4920 0.9793 65
IVb 1-Cl-cycl-C6H10 H 150-152(5) 1.5165 1.1128 60
IVc 4-Cl-cycl-C6H10 H 148-151(5) 1.5150 1.1146 62
IVd 1,4-Cl2-cycl-C6H9 H 155-158(3) 1.5270 1.2041 59
Va cycl-C6Hn C6H5 180-183(5) 1.5748 1.0569 61
Vb 1-Cl-cycl-C6H10 C6H5 185-188(3) 1.5824 1.1494 60
Vc 4-Cl-cycl-C6H10 C6H5 183-186(3) 1.5803 1.1468 64
Vd 1,4-Cl2-cycl-C6H9 C6H5 196-198(3) 1.5915 1.2389 58
The aim of this work is the synthesis of cycloalkyl-substituted pyrazoles derivatives by reacting 1-cycloalkyl-2,3-dichloro-1-propa-nones with hydrazine and Phenylhydrazine.
We have used cycloalkyl-substituted vinyl ketones IIa-d as initial compounds, which have been obtained by electrophilic addition of
cycloalkanecarbonyl chlorides (Ia-d) with ethylene in the presence of AlCl3 at a temperature of -10 ^ -15°C in a dichloroethane medium. The synthesized unsaturated ketones IIa-d have been converted into the corresponding 1-R-2,3-dichloro-1-propanones (IIIa-d) by chlorination in CCl4 medium [18, 22] (scheme 1).
Scheme 1
R = cycl-C6Hn(a); 1-Cl-cycl-C6Hio(b); 4-Cl-cycl-C6Hio(c); 1,4-Cl2-cycl-C6H9(d). AZERBAIJAN CHEMICAL JOURNAL № 4 2022
Synthesized dichloroketones IIIa-d are very thermally stable compounds and are identified by vacuum distillation. The stability of dichloroketones IIIa-d is explained by the relative
R - C — CII CH2CI «
s- [I
Dichloroketones IIIa-d form corresponding 3- and 1,3-substituted pyrazoles IVa-d, Va-
R,
0
Structures of pyrazoles IV a-d, V a-d have been confirmed by IR and H1NMR spectra.
The following absorption bands appearing in the IR spectra of pyrazoles IVa-d,Va-d are unique to the pyrazole ring (cm-1): 3040-3080(vgh); 3205-3210 (vNH for pyrazoles IVa-d); vc=c,c=n within the range of 1580-1590 (for pyrazoles IVa-d) and 1550-1560 (for pyrazoles Va-d); 820-830 (5ch ). And, stretching vibra-
stability of the intermediate compound - enol stabilized due to the p, ^-effect of chlorine atom located at the a-carbon atom (scheme 2).
:C1:
-J
► R - c= a -OHiCi
O-H
d with hydrazine and phenylhydrazine in etha-nol or in toluene when heated (scheme 3).
tions of double bonds of the benzene ring also appear in the region of 1500-1600 cm-1 in the IR spectra of pyrazoles Va-d.
H1NMR spectra of pyrazoles IVa-d, Va-d contain signals of protons incidental to pyrazole ring in the following regions (5,ppm): 5.77-5.82 (1H, c, C4-H, IVa-d); 6.10-6.14 (1H, d, C4-H, Va-d); 6.50-6.61(1H, d, C5-H, IVa-d); 6.8-7.0(1H, s, C5-H, Va-d); 7.30-7.50(1H, br.s, N-
Scheme 2
C1
CI
H;M ■ NÏÏR'
Scheme 3 R. CI
CI
r >
SL
a
7 S®
H R
H
r'
-h+, -hcl
r
X
r'
IVa-d, Va-d
R - above mentioned; R' = H (IVa-d), C6H5 (Va-d).
NEW SYNTHESIS OF 3- AND 1,3-PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES
93
H, IVa-d). The protons of the benzene ring in Va-d pyrazoles appear as multiples in the region of 7.2-7.5 ppm.
Thus, preparative methods for the synthesis of 3- and 1,3-pyrazole derivatives by the interaction of 1-R-2,3-dichloro-1-propanones with hydrazine and phenylhydrazine have been developed for the first time. References
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3- УЭ 1,3-PiRAZOL TÖROMOLORiNiN 1-TSÏKLOALKlL-2,3-DiXLOR-1-PROPANONLAR
OSASINDA YENi SiNTEZi
E.LMammadov, V.O.Hüseynova, S.T.Mehdiyeva S.Q.ismayilova
Tsikloheksankarbon turçusu xloranhidridinin va onun mono- va dixloravazli töramalarinin AlCl3 katalizatoru içtiraki ils dixloretan mühitinda -10 -г- -150С temperaturda etilena elektrofil birlaçma reaksiyalarindan 1-tsikloalkil-2-propen-
1-onlar sintez olunmu§dur. Ahnmi§ vinilketonlar CCl4 mühitinda -50C temperaturda xlorla§dirilaraq uygun 1-tsik-loalkil-2,3-dixlor-1-propanonlara gevrilmi§dir. Dixlorketonlarin etanol va ya toluol mühitinda hidrazin va fenil-hidrazinla reaksiyasindan 1-R-3-R-pirazollar amala galmi§dir. Sintez olunmu§ pirazollarin qurulu§u ÍQ va NMR'H spektrlarinin malumatlarina va fiziki-kimyavi sabitlarin tayin olunmasina gora tasdiq olunmu§dur. Belalikla, ilk dafa olaraq 3- va 1,3- avazli pirazollarin tsikloalkil toramalarinin yeni preparativ alinma usulu i§lanib hazirlanmi§dir.
Agar sozlar: tsikloalkankarbon tur§ularmm xloranhidridlari, 1-tsikloalkil-2-propen-1-onlar, 1-tsikloalkil-2,3-dixlor-1-propanonlar, 3- v3 1,3-3V3zolunmu§ pirazolla, elektrofil birh§m3 reaksiyalari, vinilketonlarin xlorla§masi.
НОВЫЙ СИНТЕЗ 3- И 1,3-ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ ПИРАЗОЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ 1-ЦИКЛОАЛКИЛ-2,3-ДИХЛОР-1-ПРОПАНОНОВ
Э.И.Маммадов, В.А.Гусейнова, С.Т.Мехтиева, С.Г.Исмаилова
Электрофильным присоединением хлорангидридов циклоалканкарбоновых кислот и его моно- и дихлорза-мещенных производных к этилену в присутствии катализатора AlCl3 при температуре -10 -г- -150С в среде дихлорэтана синтезированы 1-циклоалкил-2-пропен-1-оны. Полученные винилкетоны хлорированием в среде CCl4 при температуре -50С были превращены в соответствующие 1-циклоалкил-2,3-дихлорпропаноны, которые с гидразином и фенилгидразином в среде этанола или толуола образуют l-R'-З-циклоалкилпиразолы. Строение полученных пиразолов подтверждены данными ИК и ЯМР 'Н спектров и определением физико-химических констант. Таким образом, впервые разработаны препаративные методы синтеза 3- и 1,3-производных пиразола.
Ключевые слова: хлорангидриды циклоалканкарбоновых кислот, 1-циклоалкил-2-пропен-1-оны, 1-циклоалкил-2,3-дихлор-1-пропаноны, 3- и 1,3-замещенные пиразолы, реакция электрофильного присоединения, хлорирование винилкетонов.
