CC BY
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ОСНОВНОЙ РАЗДЕЛ
УДК 374.48
Abdullayev Z. G.
Namangan State University Uzbekistan, Namangan
NATURE AND SOCIETY: RELATION AND INTERRELATION
Abstract: This article discusses the relationship between nature and society.
Keywords: nature, society, ecology, biosphere, noosphere
In conditions when the planet Earth becomes the single home of humanity, many contradictions, conflicts, problems can overgrow the local framework and become global in nature. These are the problems: preventing the threat of a new world war, reducing the gap in the level of economic development between the developed countries of the West and the developing countries of the Third World, stabilizing the demographic situation on the planet, protecting people's health and preventing the spread of AIDS and drug addiction. And in conjunction with all this ecology. Today it is important to recognize the inextricable link between nature and society, which is mutual in nature. It is appropriate to recall the words of A.I. Gertsen that "nature cannot contradict man, if man does not re -read it to the laws". On the one hand, the natural environment, geographical and climatic features have a significant impact on social development. These factors can accelerate or slow down the pace of development of countries and peoples, affect the social development of labor.
On the other hand, society affects the natural habitat of humans. The history of mankind testifies to both the beneficial effects of human activity on the natural habitat and its harmful effects. There is no need to prove that social life is in constant change. The German philosopher of the early 19th century, Hegel, asserted that social development is a movement forward from the imperfect to the more perfect. Criteria of progress are in the development of the mind, public morality, which underlies the improvement of all aspects of society. Let us recall the famous words of Turgenev's hero Bazarov: "Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and the man in it is an employee." What this situation leads and has already led today is well known on concrete facts. Let me stop at just a few of them. The growth of human economic activity, the rapid development of the scientific and technological revolution have increased the negative impact on nature, led to a violation of the ecological balance on the planet. Consumption has increased in the sphere of material production of natural resources. During the years after the Second World War, so much mineral raw materials were used as in the entire previous history of mankind. Since the reserves of coal, oil, gas, iron and other minerals are not renewable, they will be exhausted, according to scientists' estimates in a few decades. But even if the resources that are constantly being renewed, in fact, are rapidly diminishing, deforestation on a global scale significantly exceeds the growth
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of wood, the area of forests that give the earth oxygen decreases every year.
The main foundation of life-soil everywhere on Earth is degrading. While the Earth accumulates one centimeter of black soil for 300 years, now one centimeter of soil dies in three years. No less dangerous is the pollution of the planet. The oceans are constantly polluted due to the expansion of oil production in marine fields. Huge oil spills are detrimental to ocean life. Millions of tons of phosphorus, lead and radioactive waste are dumped into the ocean. For every square kilometer of ocean water now accounts for 17 tons of various land waste.
Freshwater has become the most vulnerable part of nature. Sewage, pesticides, fertilizers, mercury, arsenic, lead, and more in large quantities into rivers and lakes. The Danube, Volga, Rhine, Mississippi, Great American Lakes are heavily polluted. According to experts, in some areas of the earth 80% of all diseases are caused by poor quality water. Air pollution has exceeded all acceptable limits. The concentration of substances harmful to health in the air exceeds medical standards in many cities tenfold. Acid rain containing sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide, which are a consequence of the operation of thermal power plants and factories, are the death of lakes and forests. The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant showed the environmental threat posed by accidents at nuclear power plants, they are operated in 26 countries around the world.
Clean air disappears around cities, rivers turn into gutters, piles of garbage everywhere, landfills, crippled nature - this is the most striking picture of the mad industrialization of the world. The main thing, however, is not the fullness of the list of these problems, but in understanding the reasons for their occurrence, nature and, most importantly, in identifying effective ways and means of solving them. The real prospect of overcoming the environmental crisis is to change the production activity of a person, his lifestyle, his consciousness. Scientific and technological progress creates not only "overload" for nature; in the most advanced technologies, it provides the means to prevent negative impacts, creates opportunities for cleaner production. There was not only an urgent need, but also the opportunity to change the essence of technological civilization, to give it an environmental character. One of the directions of such development is the creation of safe industries. Using the achievements of science, technological progress can be organized in such a way that production wastes do not pollute the environment, but re-enter the production cycle as secondary raw materials. Nature itself gives an example: carbon dioxide emitted by animals is absorbed by plants that produce oxygen, which is necessary for the respiration of animals. Such a production is waste-free, in which all the raw materials eventually turn into one or another product.
If we consider that 98% of the raw materials of modern industry translate into waste, it becomes clear that the task of creating non-waste production is clear. Calculations show that 80% of waste heat, mining, coke and chemical industries are suitable. At the same time, the products obtained from them often exceed in their qualities products made from primary raw materials. For example, the ash of thermal power plants, used as an additive in the production of aerated concrete, approximately doubles the strength of building panels and blocks. Of great
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importance is the development of nature-restoration industries (forestry, water, fisheries), the development and implementation of material-saving and energy-saving technologies.
Some alternative (with respect to thermal, nuclear and hydroelectric power plants) energy sources are also environmentally friendly. It is necessary to quickly find ways to practically use the energy of the sun, wind, tides, geothermal sources. The environmental situation makes it necessary to assess the consequences of any activity related to intervention in the natural environment. An environmental review of all technical projects is required. More F. Joliot-Curie warned: "We can not allow people to send to their own destruction those forces of nature, which they managed to discover and conquer. "Time is not waiting. Our task is to stimulate any initiative and enterprise aimed at creating and introducing new technologies that can solve any environmental problems using all available methods. To contribute to the creation of a large number of control bodies consisting of highly qualified specialists, on the basis of well-developed legislation in accordance with international agreements on environmental issues. Constantly deliver information to all states and peoples on the environment through radio, television and the press, thereby raising the ecological consciousness of people and contribute to their spiritual and moral revival according to the requirements of the era.
References:
1. Ergashev. A, Ergashev. T. "Ecology, biosphere, and preserving nature".Textbook. Tashkent, 2005;
2. TilolovP."The acute problems of ecology". Textbook. Karshi, 2003;
3. Voitkevich GV, Vronsky VA, The fundamentals of the doctrine of the biosphere: Book. For teacher. - M: Education, 1989.
4. Gladkov N.D. and others. Conservation of nature-M. Prosc., 1975-239p.
5. Gorelov AAEcology: Textbook. allowance. - Moscow: Center, 1998-238p.
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