MODERN AND HISTORICAL LICHEN BIOTA OF KARELIAN ISTHMUS: THE CASE OF MOTORNOE-ZAOSTROVJE PROPOSED PROTECTED AREA (LENINGRAD REGION, RUSSIA) Текст научной статьи по специальности «Биологические науки»

Modern and historical lichen biota of Karelian Isthmus: the case of Motornoe-Zaostrovje proposed protected area (Leningrad Region, Russia)

I. S. Stepanchikova1, 2, D. E. Himelbrant1, 2, S. V. Chesnokov2, L. A. Konoreva2, 3,

E. A. Timofeeva1

1St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 2Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia 3Polar-alpine Botanical Garden-Institute, Murmansk Region, Kirovsk Corresponding author. I. S. Stepanchikova, stepa_ir@mail.ru

Abstract: The revealed lichen diversity of the proposed protected area Motornoe-Zaostrovje counts 452 species, including 400 lichens, 34 lichenicolous fungi, four facultatively lichenicolous fungi, and 14 non-lichenized saprobic fungi. Micarea synotheoides and Tremella hypocenomycis are new to Russia; Rhizocarpon sublavatum is new to European Russia; Absconditella celata, Biatora albidula, Cyphobasidium hypogymniicola, Karschia talcophila, Micarea melanobola, Pyrenula laevigata, Sclerococcum microsporum, Sphinctrina anglica, and Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea are new to North-Western European Russia; Arth-rorhaphis alpina, Lecaimmeria cupreoatra, Micarea nowakii, Protothelenella petri, Pycnora xanthococca, and Sagedia simoensis are new to the Leningrad Region. Of particular interest are lichens of old-growth spruce forest in the Rytovka stream valley in its middle course. The lichen biota of Motornoe-Zaostrovje is one of the richest lichen biotas known in the Leningrad Region. It comprises 32 red-listed species, 20 habitat specialists (i. e., species restricted to biologically valuable forests) and 24 indicator species, and deserves protection on the regional level.

Keywords: Micarea synotheoides, Tremella hypocenomycis, protected areas, Isthmus karelicus.

Современная и историческая лихенобиота Карельского перешейка: пример предлагаемой особо охраняемой природной территории Моторное-Заостровье (Ленинградская область, Россия)

И. С. Степанчикова1, 2, Д. Е. Гимельбрант1, 2, С. В. Чесноков2, Л. А. Конорева2, 3, Е. А. Тимофеева1

'Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия

2Ботанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия 3Полярно-альпийский ботанический сад-институт КНЦ РАН, Кировск, Россия Автор для переписки: И. С. Степанчикова, stepa_ir@mail.ru

Резюме: Выявленная лихенобиота предлагаемой особо охраняемой природной территории Моторное-Заостровье насчитывает 452 вида, включая 400 видов лишайников, 34 вида

https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2022.562.371

371

лихенофильных грибов, четыре вида факультативно лихенофильных гриба и 14 видов нелихе-низированных сапротрофных грибов. Micarea synotheoides и Tremella hypocenomycis являются новыми для России, Rhizocarpon sublavatum новый для Европейской России, Absconditella celata, Biatora albidula, Cyphobasidium hypogymniicola, Karschia talcophila, Micarea melanobola, Pyrenula laevigata, Sclerococcum microsporum, Sphinctrina anglica и Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea новые для Северо-Запада Европейской России, а Arthrorhaphis alpina, Lecaimmeria cupreoatra, Micarea nowakii, Protothelenella petri, Pycnora xanthococca и Sagedia simoënsis являются новыми для Ленинградской области. Особую ценность представляет лихенобиота старовозрастного елового леса в долине ручья Рытовка в его среднем течении. Лихенобиота территории Мотор-ное-Заостровье является одной из наиболее богатых в Ленинградской области и, несомненно, заслуживает охраны на региональном уровне. В ее составе известно 32 охраняемых вида, 20 специализированных (строго приуроченных к биологически ценным лесам) и 24 индикаторных вида лишайников и родственных им грибов.

Ключевые слова: Micarea synotheoides, Tremella hypocenomycis, особо охраняемые природные территории, Карельский перешеек.

This paper is an outcome of local lichen inventory conducted in 2020-2021 in the proposed protected area Motornoe-Zaostrovje. The list of taxa comprises revised historical data and results of our own field investigations.

Motornoe-Zaostrovje is a proposed protected area in the eastern part of Karelian Isthmus, facing to Konevets Island (Fig. 1). It occupies an area of ca. 133 km2 in the Prio-zersk District of the Leningrad Region. According to biogeographical subdivision of Eastern Fennoscandia (Red..., 1998), its northern part, former Finnish parish Kaki-salmi, belongs to Karelia ladogensis, and the southern part, Pyhajarvi, to Isthmus karelicus. The study area belongs to the landscape district of Otradnoe which is characterized by low lacustrine-glacial and lacustrine-sandy and sandy loamy plains (Isa-chenko, 1998). Rocky outcrops are absent there; however, large glacial boulders are not rare, especially along the shoreline of Lake Ladoga. The territory is covered mostly with pine forests on sandy ground, also with mixed spruce-pine and spruce forests, especially in lowlands. Young mixed and deciduous (birch, gray alder) forests are represented mainly in areas of former clearcuts. Black alder forests occupy mostly creek valleys. Except for black alder, broadleaved forests are almost completely absent in the study area, nowadays their remnants are represented by very young stands of maple, linden, sometimes ash, mostly growing on recent clearcuts (Bibikova, 1992; Krasnaya..., 1999). Most forests presented in the territory, especially in its central part, were objected to fires and clearcuts in different periods, including recent years; undisturbed forest fragments are rare. Of particular interest is a valley of the Rytovka stream (Myllypuro) lying in a deep ravine which crosses the study area in west-east direction and falls into Lake Ladoga near Zaostrovje. This valley due to its sharp slopes does not have much traces of logging or fires, therefore an old-growth spruce forest has preserved there. Several large peatbogs present in Motornoe-Zaostrovje, most of them were partly meliorated in 20th century. The proposed protected area includes several lakes, which are very popular among recreants. In general, sandy shores of Lake Ladoga and inner lakes, as well as picturesque pine forests on dry sandy ground, are

intensively used by people as recreation zone. As a result, anthropogenic pressure on the territory is relatively high: large forest camps, cars entering the shoreline, a lot of trails lead to degradation of landscapes and plant communities.

Fig. 1. The study area, Motornoe-Zaostrovje in North-West of the Leningrad Region.

The area of Motornoe-Zaostrovje was studied by several lichenologists in different historical periods, but comprehensive lichen inventory has not been conducted there before. The oldest known lichen collection from the study area, represented by 30 specimens in H and TUR, was made by C. G. W. Lang in 1897-1898 near Zaos-trovje (former Riiska). In summer 1917, famous Finnish lichenologist V. Rasanen collected seven specimens in Vladimirovka (Sortanlahti) (H). In August 1939, Swedish specialist S. Ahlner collected in both localities, we found his 13 specimens in H, S, and UPS. In 1960, several collections were made near Zaostrovje and Motornoe (Vuohensalo) by Chinese lichenologist J. Wei (LE) who was a PhD student in that period. Thus, the historical data on the lichens of Motornoe-Zaostrovje are based on four small collections with about 50 specimens altogether, partly published (Rasanen, 1921; Ahlner, 1941, 1948; Hakulinen, 1964; Wei, 1961, 1962a, b).

Our field research was conducted as a part of a comprehensive inventory of biodiversity, vegetation communities, and landscapes of the proposed protected area conducted by a group of specialists in frame of Russian-Finnish Cross-Border Cooperation Program "South-Eastern Finland-Russia 2014-2020".

Materials and Methods

The material was collected in 2020 and 2021 by I. S. Stepanchikova and D. E. Himel-brant. The study area is 138 km2 in total, including the proposed protected area Mo-tornoe-Zaostrovje and adjacent part of Lake Ladoga shore to the north of Motornoe, which could be discussed as a possible extension of the protected area. We investigated 47 standard sample areas (SA), of 20 x 20 m (or within natural boundaries of the community if the community covered smaller area), where the lichen diversity of each substrate was described comprehensively, and 15 additional plots (AP), where only individual substrates or species were checked (Table 1, Fig. 2). The central part of the study area was investigated not as detailed as other parts because it was represented mostly by disturbed and monotonous pine forests with relatively poor lichen biota. The specimens are deposited in LE and LECB; several specimens (marked in the list) are kept in BILAS. Himelbrant and Stepanchikova identified the majority of specimens, E. A. Timofeeva identified saxicolous crustose lichens, L. A. Konoreva and S. V. Chesnokov identified most of the Micarea specimens. In 2007-2018, herbarium materials (H, LE, S, TUR, UPS) collected by Ahlner, Lang, Rasanen, and Wei in vicinity of Motornoe, Zaostrovje, and Vladimirovka were revised by Himelbrant and Stepanchikova, together with E. S. Kuznetsova and N. M. Alekseeva. Chromatography was performed by authors according to standard techniques of high performance thin-layer chromatography using solvent systems A, B, and C (Orange et al., 2001).

Sampling locations (Fig. 2)

Standard sample areas. Leningrad Region, Priozersk District, Motornoe-Zaostrovje proposed protected area: 1 — N of Lake Stochnoe (Ristilampi), 60°55'17.5"N, 30°11'33.4"E, young moss spruce-pine forest with birches and spruce undergrowth on meliorated territory, 6 V 2020; 2 — between the lakes Stochnoe (Ristilampi) and Bol'shoe Berezhnoe (Iso Tielampi), 60°55'22.8"N, 30°13'45.2"E, medium-aged fern black alder forest with spruces in a creek valley surrounded by pine-spruce forest, 6 V 2020; 3 — ibid, 60°54'51.7"N, 30°12'50.2"E, old-growth (160-year-old) Sphagnum-Ledumpalustre L. pine forest with traces of old fire, 6 V 2020; 4 — S part of the cape in the N part of the bog Bol'shoe Kosinovskoe (Suurisuo), 60°54'05.0"N, 30°12'28.6"E, 45-year-old (with some trees up to 145-year-old) Vaccinium myrtillus L.-moss pine forest, 6 V 2020; 5 — S of the bog Bol'shoe Kosinovskoe (Suurisuo), 60°52'48.6"N, 30°12'32.3"E, 95-year-old Vaccinium myrtillus-Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull spruce forest with birch and aspen, disturbed by cuttings, 7 V 2020; 6 — ibid., 60°53'14.8"N, 30°13'32.7"E, medium-aged (90-year-old, single trees up to 170-year-old) Vaccinium myrtillus-moss pine forest with Calluna vulgaris and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., 7 V 2020; 7 — W of the bog Bol'shoe Kosinovskoe (Suurisuo), 60°53'51.8"N, 30°11'10.1"E, 45-50-year-old lichen-Calluna vulgaris- Vaccinium myrtillus-moss pine forest with mossy granite boulders, 7 V 2020; 8 — S part of the bog Bol'shoe Kosinovskoe (Suurisuo), 60°53'30.5"N, 30°12'01.7"E, Eriophorum vaginatum L.-Sphagnum bog with Andromeda polifolia L., with stunted pines up to 2-3 m high and old standing deadwood, 7 V 2020; 9 — between the bogs Bol'shoe Kosinovskoe (Suurisuo) and Bol'shoe Kustarnikovoe (Kelkkasuo), 60°54'27.1"N, 30°13'34.0"E, 90-year-old Vaccinium myrtillus-moss pine forest with birch, 8 V 2020; 10 — ibid,, valley of Elovy creek (Jappisenoja), 60°53'40.2"N, 30°13'47.5"E, 100-year-old Sphagnum spruce forest with black alder, birch, and aspen, 8 V 2020; 11 — central part of the bog Bol'shoe Kustarnikovoe (Kelkkasuo), 60°54'33.4"N, 30°14'55.1"E, raised bog with a ridge-hollow complex, with stunted pines (to 5 m high) and standing deadwood, 8 V 2020; 12 — NW edge of the bog Bol'shoe Kustarnikovoe (Kelkkasuo), 60°54'44.1"N, 30°14'04.6"E, Vaccinium myrtillus-

Fig. 2. The investigated locations within the study area.

moss birch stand with patches of Sphagnum and standing pine deadwood, on the edge of the bog, 8 V 2020; 13 — NW of Lake Stochoe (Ristilampi), 60°54'49.7"N, 30°10'52.8"E, 40-50-year-old Vaccinium myrtillus-moss pine forest with birches and spruce undergrowth, 9 V 2020; 14 — W of Lake Bol'shoe Berezhnoe (Iso Tielampi), 60°56'07.8"N, 30°10'37.0"E, 50-year-old (with single trees up to 165-year-old) Vaccinium myrtillus-moss spruce-pine forest with thin logs, 9 V 2020; 15 — NW of Lake Bol'shoe Berezhnoe (Iso Tielampi), 60°56'18.9"N, 30°13'50.1"E, 95-year-old heather-cowberry-moss pine forest, 9 V 2020; 16 — between Motornoe (Vuohensalo) and Lake Bol'shoe Berezhnoe (Iso Tielampi), 60°56'16.6"N, 30°16'28.6"E, sandy roadsides and granite boulders, 9 V 2020; 17 — S of Pochinok (Alapuusti), 60°56'48.4"N, 30°12'26.3"E, 90-year-old Vaccinium myrtillus-moss pine forest with spruce undergrowth, 9 V 2020; 18 — W shore of Lake Schukinskoe (Haukilampi), 60°49'49.8"N, 30°24'38.5"E, 110-year-old swampy Vaccinium myrtillus-moss pine forest with birch and Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum patches, 4 IX 2020; 19 — between the lakes Gusinoe (Yläjärvi) and Schukinskoe (Haukilampi), 60°49'06.7"N, 30°24'56.7"E, 100-year-old Vaccinium myrtillus-moss pine forest, 4 IX 2020; 20 — E of Lake Schukinskoe (Haukilampi), 60°49'57.6"N, 30°25'32.8"E, young Vaccinium myrtillus-Sphagnum spruce forest with 100-year-old pine, surrounded by burnt windfall, 4 IX 2020; 21 — 1.6 km NE of Zaostrovie (Riiska), 60°52'19.6"N, 30°25'51.1"E, 180-190-year-old Calluna vulgaris-Vaccinium myrtillus-moss pine forest with boulders up to 1.5 m diam. and traces of old fire, 5 IX 2020; 22 — 0.5 km E of Zaostrovie (Riiska), 60°51'56.4"N, 30°25'16.6"E, moss pine-spruce forest (pines 100-year-old, spruces ca. 60-year-old) on weakly expressed lacustrine regression swells, disturbed by melioration, 5 IX 2020; 23 — 1.8 km SE of Zaostrovie (Riiska), stream valley, 60°50'52.8"N, 30°25'36.8"E, floodplain fern gray and black alder forest with rowan undergrowth, 5 IX 2020; 24 — 1.3 km N of Zaostrovie (Riiska), deep valley of the stream Rytovka (Myllypuro) near the mouth of its right inflow, 60°52'37.3"N, 30°23'25.6"E, old growth 180-190-year-old fern-horsetail-moss floodplain spruce forest, 6 IX 2020; 25 — N of Zaostrovie (Riiska), deep valley of the stream Rytovka (Myllypuro), 60°52'34.9"N, 30°21'58.9"E, old growth 180-190-year-old floodplain Polytrichum-Sphagnum spruce forest with birch, 6 IX 2020; 26 — W of Lake Schukinskoe (Haukilampi), E of the bog Obmannoe (Ruokosuo), 60°49'58.8"N, 30°23'21.1"E, 100-110-year-old Vaccinium myrtillus-moss pine-spruce forest with birch, 19 IX 2020; 27 — S of the bog Torfyanoe (Ervosuo), 60°50'53.5"N, 30°22'14.2"E, disturbed area in a pine forest: heaps of slate, concrete, remains of buildings, a landfill, a system of small quarries, 19 IX 2020; 28 — 0.8 km NE of Zaostrovie (Riiska), 60°52'00.8"N, 30°22'46.7"E, medium-aged Vaccinium myrtillus-moss spruce-pine forest (pines 100-year-old, spruces 50-60-year-old), 19 IX 2020; 29 — NW of Zaostrovie (Riiska), N of Bolshie Kusty (Pitkätahot), 60°52'19.0"N, 30°20'06.2"E, 80-90-year-old lichen-dwarf shrub-moss pine forest with birch, after selective cuttings, 19 IX 2020; 30 — 2.7 km NE of Zaostrovie (Riiska), 60°53'11.4"N, 30°25'29.0"E, old-growth 160-year-old lichen-Vaccinium myrtillus-moss pine forest on flattened upland covered with boulders up to 2 m diam, 20 IX 2020; 31 — 1 km SE of Beregovoe (Hietalahti), 60°54'20.7"N, 30°24'44.5"E, young fern-Calamagrostis maple and rowan stand on clearing, 20 IX 2020; 32 — 2.5 km N of Zaostrovie (Riiska), 60°53'20.4"N, 30°24'17.0"E, the central part of a small rush bog with stone and pine deadwood, 20 IX 2020; 33 — ibid., 60°54'20.4"N, 30°23'15.7"E, young 25-year-old Calluna vulgaris-Vaccinium myrtillus-moss pine forest with young birches and aspens on clearing, 20 IX 2020; 34 — SE of Lake Schukinskoe (Haukilampi), 1 km SE of Vladimirovka (Sortanlahti), 60°49'33.9"N, 30°25'46.0"E, 160-year-old Vaccinium myrtillus-moss spruce forest with windfall windows and abundant spruce regeneration, 10 V 2021; 35 — 1.7 km NE of Motornoe (Vuohensalo), cape NE of Mustalahti Bay, 60°58'06.3"N, 30°19'37.9"E, 120-year-old Vaccinium myrtillus-moss pine forest with logs and mossy stones, 10 V 2021; 36 — 2.2 km SEE of Motornoe (Vuohensalo), Beregovoe (Hietalahti), 60°57'10.0"N, 30°20'05.0"E, black alder forest with ferns in a creek valley, 10 V 2021; 37 — SE of Lake Vorobyovo (Kuoppalampi), 60°54'20.4"N, 30°18'53.3"E, old-growth 150-year-old Vaccinium myrtillus-Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not. spruce forest with several 155-year-old pines, 11 V 2021; 38 — W shore of Lake Nyrok (Sammallampi), 60°54'10.4"N, 30°17'53.0"E, 80-year-old swampy Eriophorum vaginatum-Ledum palustre-Sphagnum

pine forest with birch, 11 V 2021; 39 — 2 km SE of Lake Vorobyovo (Kuoppalampi), 60°53'51.4"N, 30°19'52.7"E, 80-year-old Vaccinium myrtillus-lichen-moss pine forest, 11 V 2021; 40 — N of Zaostrovie (Riiska), deep valley of the stream Rytovka (Myllypuro), 60°52'45.0"N, 30°22'56.8"E, old-growth 175-year-old floodplain fern-horsetail-moss spruce forest with black alder with abundant deadwood and groundwater wedgings-out, 6 IX 2020, 13 V 2021; 41 — same place and biotope, 60°52'57.7"N, 30°22'17.5"E, spruces up to 210-year-old, 6 IX 2020, 13 V 2021; 42 — same place and biotope, 60°52'57.9"N, 30°22'23.7"E, spruces up to 190-year-old, 13 V 2021; 43 — Cape Rogovoy (Voranniemi), 60°52'17.1"N, 30°26'42.9"E, gray alder forest with maple, linden, goat willow on the slope covered with turfed boulders, 14 V 2021; 44 — shore of Lake Ladoga, 2 km N of Beregovoe (Hietalahti), 60°56'39.1"N, 30°22'08.2"E, young lowland sedge-grass-moss birch forest, 14 V 2021; 45 — shore of Lake Ladoga NW to Beregovoe (Hietalahti), 60°55'10.8"N, 30°24'10.4"E, granite boulders and willow thickets, 14 V 2021; 46 — shore of Lake Ladoga, S part of Motornaya Bay, mouth of the creek, 60°58'26.7"N, 30°17'48.9"E, horsetail-fern gray alder forest with rowan and bird cherry undergrowth, 14 VII 2021; 47 — N part of Motornaya Bay, shore of Lake Ladoga, 61°00'07.4"N, 30°15'57.4"E, old-growth 160-170-year-old Vaccinium myrtillus-moss pine forest, 14 VII 2021.

Additional collection points. Leningrad Region, Priozersk District, Motornoe-Zaostrovje proposed protected area: a1 — between the lakes Stochnoe (Ristilampi) and Bol'shoe Berezhnoe (Iso Tielampi), 60°55'23.2"N, 30°13'23.7"E, road in young pine forest, 6 V 2020; a2 — ibid., 60°54'55.5"N, 30°13'33.6"E, goat willow near the road in Sphagnum pine forest, disturbed by melioration and cuttings, 6 V 2020; a3 — NE part of the bog Bol'shoe Kosinovskoe (Suurisuo), 60°54'04.6"N, 30°12'38.0"E, Ledum palustre-Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum bog with stunted pines up to 3-5 m high, 6 V 2020; a4 — SE part of the bog Bol'shoe Kustarnikovoe (Kelkkasuo), 60°54'37.7"N, 30°15'12.2"E, 100-year-old lichen pine forest on sandy island surrounded by a peatbog, 8 V 2020; a5 — W shore of Lake Bol'shoe Berezhnoe (Iso Tielampi), mouth of a creek, 60°55'31.7"N, 30°15'13.4"E, concrete bridge over the creek and old larches nearby, 8 V 2020; a6 — 0.8 km NE of Zaostrovie (Riiska), 60°51'48.0"N, 30°22'40.1"E, old-growth 120-year-old Vaccinium myrtillus-moss spruce forest with black alder in a depression, 19 IX 2020; a7 — 3 km NE of Zaostrovie (Riiska), 60°53'16.8"N, 30°25'27.4"E, roadside in a damp and shady hollow, 20 IX 2020; a8 — S of Lake Vorobyovo (Kuoppalampi), 60°54'02.7"N, 30°18'33.7"E, roadside and mineral gap surrounded by young pine forest on sandy soil after clearing, 11 V 2021; a9 — E part of Vladimirovka Bay (Sortanlahti), 60°50'10.2"N, 30°26'55.8"E, forb 80-100-year-old spruce forest with gray alder, 14 V 2021; a10 — N of Zaostrovie (Riiska), deep valley of the stream Rytovka (Myllypuro), 60°52'42.4"N, 30°23'04.3"E, old-growth (180-190-year-old) floodplain fern-horsetail-moss spruce forest with black alder with abundant deadwood and groundwater wedgings-out, 6 IX 2020; a11 — same place and biotope, 60°52'49.5"N, 30°22'45.8"E, 6 IX 2020; a12 — same place and biotope, 60°52'52.8"N, 30°22'36.0"E, 6 IX 2020; a13 — same place and biotope, 60°53'00.1"N, 30°22'05.5"E, 6 IX 2020; a14 — same place and biotope, 60°53'03.1"N, 30°21'52.1"E, 6 IX 2020; a15 — same place and biotope, 60°53'03.8"N, 30°21'42.7"E, spruces 100-120-year-old, 6 IX 2020.

Historical localities: M1 — Motornoe (Kakisalmi, Vuohensalo), [60°49'N, 30°26'E], 1960, Wei; 2 — Vladimirovka (Pyhajarvi, Sortanlahti), [60°50'N, 30°29'E], 1917, Rasanen; 1939, Ahlner, M3 — Zaostrovje (Pyhajarvi, Riiska) [60°52'N, 30°24'E], 1897-1898, Lang; 1939, Ahlner; 1960, Wei.

Results

In the species list the nomenclature of taxa generally follows Westberg et al. (2021). For each species the substrates and localities are listed. Lichen substances are given for HPTLC-analyzed species. Species new to the Leningrad Region (except those known from SPb) or larger regions are supplied with information on diagnostic characteristics

and distribution in North-Western European Russia, Fennoscandia, and the Baltic countries. North-Western European Russia is understood in limits of Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov regions and Republic of Karelia (Vyyavlenie..., 2009). The following symbols and abbreviations are used: (a) fungus types: # — lichenicolous fungi, (#) — facultatively lichenicolous fungi or lichens, + — non-lichenized fungi; (b) nature conservation value of the species: R — species protected by the Red Data Book of the Leningrad Region (Krasnaya..., 2018), RR — species protected by the Red Data Book of Russia (Krasnaya..., 2008), s — habitat specialists (according to Vyyavlenie., 2009), i — indicator species (according to Vyyavlenie., 2009), * — species new to the Leningrad Region, f — species known from historical data only; (c) regions: LR — Leningrad Region, ELR — Eastern Leningrad Region, WLR — Western Leningrad Region; SPb — St. Petersburg; (d) frequency of occurrence for the species collected in 2020-2021: [R1] — single record (the species was found once), [R] — rare (the species was recorded in 2-9 SA, i. e. up to 20% of the total number of SA or more than in one AP), [O] — occasionally (in 10-18 SA, up to 40%), [F] — frequent (in 19-28 SA, up to 60%), [C] — common (in 29-37 SA, up to 80%), [VC] — very common (in 38-47 SA, over 80%).

#Abrothallus parmeliarum (Sommerf.) Arnold — on terricolous thallus of Cetraria islándica; 19 [RJ.

#A. santessonii (D. Hawksw.) A. Suija et al. — on thalli of Platismatia glauca on branches of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.; 24, 25, 40 [R].

*Absconditella celata Döbbeler et Poelt — on wood of Picea abies; 20, 22 [R]; LE L-19233, L-19396. New to North-Western European Russia. The nearest location in Russia is known in the Tver Region (Notov et al., 2011). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland (Westberg et al, 2021), and Estonia (Randlane et al, 2021).

The species is characterized by very small red-brown apothecia 0.05-0.10 mm diam., with excipulum containing brown pigment, and 3-septate ellipsoid ascospores measuring 15-16 x 6-7 ^m (Boom et al, 2015).

A. lignicola Vezda et Pisút — on wood (especially on logs of conifers); 4, 5, 12, 14, 20, 21, 26, 28, 37, 40-42, a5, a9 [O].

A. sphagnorum Vezda et Poelt — on dead Sphagnum spp. in peatbog hummocks; 11 [RJ.

Acarospora fuscata (Schrad.) Th. Fr. — on granite; 7, 16, 21, 30, 32, 45 [R].

A. glaucocarpa (Ach.) Körb. — on concrete; 27 [RJ.

A. moenium (Vain.) Räsänen — on concrete and slate; 27, a5 [R].

A. veronensis A. Massal. — on granite; 45 [RJ.

R sAcolium inquinans (Sm.) A. Massal. — on bark of Picea abies; 41 [RJ.

R sAcrocordia cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris — on bark of Populus tremula L.; 42 [RJ.

+Agyrium rufum (Pers.) Fr. — on wood of Pinus sylvestris L.; 29, 35 [R].

R iAlectoria sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. subsp. sarmentosa — on bark of Picea abies; 25, 40 [R].

f Alyxoria culmigena (Libert) Ertz — M2: on bark of Picea abies, 12 VIII 1917, Räsänen, H 8000416.

A. varia (Pers.) Ertz et Tehler — on bark of Acer platanoides L., Alnusglutinosa (L.) Gaertn., A. incana (L.) Moench; 40, 43 [R].

Anisomeridium polypori (Ellis et Everh.) M. E. Barr — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, and Sorbus aucuparia L.; 10, 31, 36, 40 [R].

Arctoparmelia centrifuga (L.) Hale — on granite; 7, 21, 30 [R]. M3: on stone, 29 VII 1897, Lang, H 8003611 (sub Umbilicaria hyperborea).

RA. incurva (Pers.) Hale — on granite; 21 [R1]. M3: on granite boulder in pine forest on the hill top, 30 VI and 12 IX 1960, Wei, LE s. n. (Wei, 1962a, b).

Arthonia apatetica (A. Massal.) Th. Fr. — on bark of Alnus incana, Salix caprea L., Sorbus aucuparia, and Vaccinium myrtillus L.; 5, 23, 34, 36, 40, 43 [R].

#A. biatoricola Ihlen et Owe-Larss. — on thalli of Biatora efflorescens on bark of Juniperus communis L., Sorbus aucuparia, and Alnus incana; 17, 36, 43 [R].

A. didyma Körb. — on bark of Populus tremula; 42 [R1].

iA. helvola (Nyl.) Nyl. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, and Sorbus aucuparia, on wood of Alnus incana; 36, 44, 46 [R].

R sA. incarnata Th. Fr. ex Almq. — on bark of Picea abies; 22 [R1].

A. mediella Nyl. — on bark of Acerplatanoides, Alnus glutinosa, and Picea abies; 2, 5, 24, 25, 31, 37, 40, 42 [R].

+A. punctiformis Ach. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Populus tremula, and Salix sp.; 2, 5, 12, 20, 23, 43, 45 [R].

A. radiata (Pers.) Ach. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Salix caprea, and Sorbus aucuparia; 23, 28, 31, 35, 36, 43, 44, 46 [R].

A. ruana A. Massal. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Prunus padus L., Salix caprea, and Sorbus aucuparia; 10, 12, 17, 23, 28, 31, 34-36, 40, 43, 44, 46 [O].

R, iA. vinosa Leight. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa and Sorbus aucuparia, on wood of Picea abies; 23, a9, a10 [R].

Arthopyrenia analepta (Ach.) A. Massal. — on bark of Populus tremula; 5 [R1].

+Arthothelium scandinavicum Th. Fr. — on bark of Picea abies; 20, 22, 24, 25, 34, 37, 40-42 [R].

#Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa R. Sant. et Tonsberg — on terricolous, corticolous, and ligni-colous thalli of Cladonia spp.; 7, 30, 34, 40, 41 [R].

*(#)A. alpina (Schaer.) R. Sant. — on thallus of Baeomyces rufus on soil of roadside; 16 [R1]; LE L-19011. Thallus contains rhizocarpic acid. New to LR. Distribution in North-Western European Russia: Karelia (Fadeeva et al., 2007). Distribution in Fennos-candia and Baltic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland (Westberg et al., 2021), Estonia (Randlane et al, 2021).

The species is characterized by yellow thallus without soralia, and multiseptate ascospores 25-45 (up to 60) ^m long (The lichens..., 2009). Our specimen has yellow-gray thallus, not as bright as most specimens of this species. Other characters of our specimen, including the size of the ascospores and the presence of rhizocarpic acid, confirm its identity; moreover, it is associated with B. rufus, which is also normal for young thalli of Arthrorhaphis alpina (Westberg et al, 2021).

Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Körb. — on granite; 16, 21, 32, 45 [R]. M2: on stones, 12 VIII 1917, Räsänen, H 8004080.

A. verrucigera Hue — on granite; 7, 16, 21, 30, 32 [R]. M2: on stone, 12 VIII 1917, Räsänen, H s. n. (sub Lecanora polytropa).

Athallia pyracea (Ach.) Arup et al. — on bark of Populus tremula; 5, 17, 33, 42 [R].

#Bachmanniomyces punctum (A. Massal.) Diederich et Pino-Bodas — on lignicolous thalli of Cladonia spp.; 24, 40, 43 [R]; BILAS.

Bacidia arceutina (Ach.) Arnold — on bark of Populus tremula and Sorbus aucuparia; 5, 10, 17, 34, 42 [R].

Bacidia laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr. — on bark of Salix caprea; 43 [R1].

R iB. polychroa (Th. Fr.) Körb. — on bark of Acer platanoides; 43 [R1].

Bacidina chloroticula (Nyl.) Vezda et Poelt — on bark of Alnus incana, Betula sp., and Vac-cinium myrtillus, on fruit bodies of polypores; 5, 12, 14, 24, 40, 43, 44 [R].

B. delicata (Larbal. ex Leight.) V. Wirth et Vezda — on bark of Alnus glutinosa; 23 [R1].

B. inundata (Fr.) Vezda — on granite boulders on the lake shore, periodically submerged; 45 [RJ.

B. neosquamulosa (Aptroot et Herk) S. Ekman — on bark of Sorbus aucuparia; 36 [RJ.

B. phacodes (Körb.) Vezda — on bark of Vaccinium myrtillus; 5 [RJ.

Baeomyces carneus Flörke — on granite and on sandy soil; 7, a1, a8 [R]. M3: on soil, 29 VII 1897, Lang, H 8004119.

B. rufus (Huds.) Rebent. — on soil; 16, 27, a1, a8 [R]. M3: on sandy soil, 30 VII 1897, Lang, H 8004127.

*Biatora albidula Willey — on bark of Sorbus aucuparia; 36 [RJ; LE L-19212. New to North-Western European Russia; the nearest locality in Russia is known in the Arkhangelsk Region (Pchelkin et al., 2021). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway, Sweden (Westberg et al, 2021).

The species is characterized by having relatively small, ca. 0.2 (up to 0.5) mm, whitish to blue-black apothecia, first flat and with developed excipulum, later convex, with multispored asci (Palice et al., 2013).

B. chrysantha (Zahlbr.) Printzen — on bark of Alnus glutinosa; 2 [RJ.

B. efflorescens (Hedl.) Räsänen — on bark and wood of deciduous trees, dwarf shrubs, and Picea abies; 1, 2, 5, 10, 17, 18, 22-25, 31, 34-37, 40-43, 46, a9 [F].

B. globulosa (Flörke) Fr. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa and Salix caprea; 2, 43 [R].

B. helvola Körb. ex Hellb. — on bark and wood of deciduous trees, dwarf shrubs, and Picea abies, mostly on branches; 2, 5, 10, 14, 17, 20, 22-24, 28, 31, 34, 36, 37, 40-43, 46, a9 [F].

B. ocelliformis (Nyl.) Arnold — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus incana, Juniperus commu-nis, Picea abies, Populus tremula, Salix caprea, Sorbus aucuparia, and Vaccinium myrtillus; 5, 14, 17, 28, 31, 36, 37, 40-43, 46, a9 [O].

B. sphaeroidiza (Vain.) Printzen et Holien — on bark of Acer platanoides,Juniperus communis, Picea abies, Salix caprea, Sorbus aucuparia, and Vaccinium myrtillus; 17, 31, 36, 40, 43, a9 [R].

B. vernalis (L.) Fr. — on mosses on bark of Populus tremula; 17 [RJ.

#Biatoropsis usnearum Räsänen — on thalli of Usnea spp. on branches of Picea abies; 40, 41 [R].

Bryobilimbia hypnorum (Lib.) Fryday et al. — on mosses on bark of Alnus glutinosa; 40 [RJ.

Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo et D. Hawksw. — on bark and wood of conifers, mostly on branches; 1, 14, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 29, 30, 34, 37, 40-42 [O]. M2: on bark of Betula sp., 8 XII 1917, Räsänen, H 8004171; M3: on bark of Pinussylvestris, 23 VIII 1939, Ahlner, UPS L-183843 (sub Bryoria furcellata); on bark of tree in humid spruce forest, 10 VII 1898, Lang, H 8004169.

B. furcellata (Fr.) Brodo et D. Hawksw. — on bark of Betula sp., Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris, on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 1, 2, 4-6, 9-12, 14, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28-30, 33-35, 37, 39, 40 [F]. M2: on bark of Picea abies in mixed forest, 23 VIII 1939, Ahlner, S F195289 (Ahlner, 1948); M3: on bark of Pinus sylvestris, 23 VIII 1939, Ahlner, H 8004182, S F195282, UPS L-183843 (Ahlner, 1948).

B. fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo et D. Hawksw. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Juniperus communis, Larix sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Salix sp., and Sorbus

aucuparia, on wood of conifers and granite; 1, 6-9, 12, 15, 18-21, 25, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 37, 39-42, 47, a5 [F].

B. kuemmerleana (Gyeln.) Brodo et D. Hawksw. — on bark of Picea abies; 20 [R1]. B. nadvornikiana (Gyeln.) Brodo et D. Hawksw. — on bark of Picea abies; 22 [R1]. Bryostigma lapidicola (Taylor) S. Y. Kondr. et J.-S. Hur — on bark of Alnus glutinosa; 40 [RJ.

R sBuellia arnoldii Servit — on bark of Alnus glutinosa; 23 [RJ.

B. disciformis (Fr.) Mudd — on bark of Acerplatanoides, Alnus incana, Salix spp., and Sor-bus aucuparia; 31, 36, 43-46 [R]. M3: on bark of Alnus glutinosa, VII 1897, Lang, H 8004226.

B. erubescens Arnold — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus incana, Salix caprea, and Sorbus aucuparia; 17, 23, 31, 36, 43, 44 [R].

B. griseovirens (Turner et Borrer ex Sm.) Almb. — on bark and wood; 3-5, 10, 11, 13, 17,

18, 20, 21, 23, 28, 29, 31, 34-39, 41-44, 46, a9 [F].

R Calicium denigratum (Vain.) Tibell — on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 12 [RJ.

C. glaucellum Ach. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa and Pinus sylvestris, on wood of conifers; 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 17, 19, 26, 30, 32, 35, 38, 39 [O].

C. lenticulare Ach. — on bark of Picea abies; 25 [RJ.

C. parvum Tibell — on bark and wood of Pinus sylvestris; 4, 18, 26, 35 [R].

C. pinastri Tibell — on bark of Pinus sylvestris; 3, 7, 13, 29, 39 [R].

C. trabinellum (Ach.) Ach. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa and wood of Pinus sylvestris; 2, 3, 9, 12, 18, 19, 21, 32, 38 [R].

C. viride Pers. — on bark of Picea abies; 37 [RJ.

Caloplaca cerina (Hedw.) Th. Fr. — on bark of Populus tremula; 5, 33, 42 [R]. Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. — on slate; 27 [RJ. C. coralliza (Nyl.) H. Magn. — on granite; 45 [RJ.

C. lutella (Vain.) Räsänen — on bark of Populus tremula and Salix sp.; 5, 45 [R]. C. vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. — on granite; 45 [O].

#Carbonea vitellinaria (Nyl.) Hertel — on thalli of Candelariella vitellina on granite boulder; 45 [RJ.

R, iCarbonicola anthracophila (Nyl.) Bendiksby et Timdal — on burned wood and bark of old Pinus sylvestris; 3, 6, 35, a12 [R].

R iC. myrmecina (Ach.) Bendiksby et Timdal — on burned wood of conifers; 3, 8, 9, 11, 21, 30, 37 [R].

Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler — on bark of Populus tremula; 5, 42 [R]. Catinaria atropurpurea (Schaer.) Vezda et Poelt — on bark of Picea abies; 37 [RJ. Cetraria ericetorum Opiz subsp. ericetorum — on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 21 [RJ. M3: on sandy soil in pine forest, 29 VII 1897, Lang, H 8004332, 8004333, 8004353.

C. islandica (L.) Ach. — on soil, also on bark and wood of Pinus sylvestris; 4, 6, 7, 11, 15, 16,

19, 21, 27, 29, 30, 33, 39, 47, a1, a4 [O].

C. sepincola (Ehrh.) Ach. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., and Pinus sylvestris, on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 18, 20, 21, 29, 32, 33, 36, 40, a3 [O].

RCetrariella commixta (Nyl.) A. Thell et Kärnefelt — on granite; 21 [RJ. M3: on stone, 29 VII 1897, Lang, H 8005337, 8005338.

iChaenotheca brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell — on bark of Alnus glutinosa and on wood; 2, 10, 22, 24, 25, 36, 40, a9 [R].

sChaenotheca chlorella (Ach.) Müll. Arg. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, on wood of Betula sp. and Picea abies; 24, 25, 40 [R].

C. chrysocephala (Turner ex Ach.) Th. Fr. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., and Picea abies, on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 2, 10, 12, 22, 24, 25, 34, 36, 37, 40, 42 [O].

C. ferruginea (Turner ex Sm.) Mig. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Larix sp., Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris, on wood of conifers; 1, 3-10, 12, 14, 15, 17-22, 24-26, 28-30, 34-38, 40-42, 47, a3, a5 [C].

C. furfuracea (L.) Tibell — on bark of Alnus glutinosa and Picea abies, on wood, soil and upturned roots; 2, 22-25, 34, 37, 40, a9 [R]. M3: on bark of tree, 30 VII 1897, Lang, H 8004401.

iC. hispidula (Ach.) Zahlbr. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa and wood of Sorbus aucuparia; 2, 36 [R].

iC. stemonea (Ach.) Müll. Arg. — on bark, wood, and upturned roots of Picea abies; 22, 24, 37, 40, 41 [R].

R sC. subroscida (Eitner) Zahlbr. — on bark of old Picea abies; a14 [RJ.

C. trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris, on wood; 3, 9, 12, 17, 19, 22, 24, 25, 35, 36, 40-42, 44, a9 [O]. M2: on bark of Picea abies, 12 VIII 1917, Räsänen, H 8004399.

# Chaenothecopsis consociata (Nádv.) A. F. W. Schmidt — on thalli of Chaenotheca chrysocephala on bark of Picea abies and on standing deadwood of Pinus sylvestris; 10, 12, 24, 25, 34, 37, 40, 42 [R].

+ iC. nigra Tibell — on upturned roots of conifers; 12, 22, 34 [R].

(#)C. pusilla (Ach.) A. F. W. Schmidt — on bare bark of Picea abies and wood of Alnus glutinosa, also associated with thalli of Chaenotheca trichialis and C. stemonea on bark of Picea abies and on standing deadwood of Pinus sylvestris; 9, 35, 37, a5 [R].

(#) iC. pusiola (Ach.) Vain. — on thalli of Chaenotheca trichialis on deadwood; 12, 19, 24, 36 [R].

+C. savonica (Räsänen) Tibell — associated with algae on wood, bark, and upturned roots; 22, 28, 36, 40 [R].

(#) sC. viridireagens (Nádv.) A. F. W. Schmidt — on thalli of Chaenotheca sp. and unidentified sterile crust on bark of Picea abies; 37, a14 [R].

sCheiromycina flabelliformis B. Sutton — on bark of Alnus glutinosa and Picea abies; 2, 24 [R].

Cladonia amaurocraea (Flörke) Schaer. — on primary soil; 21, 30 [R]. M3: on primary soil on rocks and stones (Wei, 1962a, b).

C. arbuscula (Wallr.) Flot. subsp. arbuscula — on soil, also on bark of Betula sp. and Pinus sylvestris, on wood of conifers; 4, 6, 7, 9, 11-13, 15, 16, 19, 21, 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 37, 39, 47, a4 [F].

C. bacilliformis (Nyl.) Sarnth. — on bark and wood of conifers, bark of Betula sp., and upturned roots; 1, 3, 5, 9, 12, 13, 15, 17-21, 29, 32, 35, 37-40, a5 [F].

C. bellidiflora (Ach.) Schaer. — on primary soil; 30 [RJ.

C. borealis S. Stenroos — on soil; 7 [RJ. Thallus contains usnic and barbatic acids.

C. botrytes (K. G. Hagen) Willd. — on bark of Larix sp., wood of conifers, soil, and plant debris; 4, 7, 9, 11, 12, 20, 21, 25, 30, 35, 37, 39, a5, a8 [O].

C. caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke — on bark of Betula sp. and Pinus sylvestris, on wood of Picea abies and primary soil; 15, 25, 30 [R].

C. carneola (Fr.) Fr. — on wood of Pinus sylvestris and on soil, also on bark of Betula sp. and Pinus sylvestris; 6, 7, 16, 17, 29 [R]. M1: on humus soil in the forest (Wei, 1961, 1962a).

C. cenotea (Ach.) Schaer. — on bark of Alnusglutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Larix sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Populus trémula, on wood of conifers, soil, and upturned roots; 1-7, 9, 12-15, 17-22, 24-26, 28-30, 35-37, 39-42, 46, 47, a5 [C].

C. chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. s. str. — on primary soil; 30 [R1]. Thallus contains fumarprotocetraric acid.

C. coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. — on bark and wood, once on old leather; 1-3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12-14, 17, 18, 20, 22-28, 31, 34-44, 46, 47, a5 [C].

C. cornuta (L.) Hoffm. subsp. cornuta — on bark and wood of conifers, bark of Betula sp., soil; 3-5, 7, 9, 11-16, 19, 21, 24-30, 36, 39-41, 44, 47 [F].

C. crispata (Ach.) Flot. var. crispata — on soil, bark of Betula sp., wood of Pinus sylvestris; 4, 7, 11, 18, 19, 29, 30.

var. cetrariiformis (Delise) Vain. — on soil, 16, 39. [R].

C. deformis (L.) Hoffm. — on bark of Betula sp. and Pinus sylvestris, on wood of Pinus sylvestris and on soil; 4, 6, 7, 11-13, 15, 16, 19, 21, 30, 32, 38, 39 [O].

C. digitata (L.) Hoffm. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Larix sp., Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris, on wood, soil, and upturned roots; 1-7, 9-15, 17-20, 22, 24-26, 28, 29, 34-38, 40-42, 44, 47, a5 [C].

C. fimbriata (L.) Fr. — on bark of Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Prunuspadus, on wood of conifers and on soil; 1, 3-5, 7, 13-15, 18-22, 24-29, 32, 33, 37, 38, 40-42, 46, 47 [F].

C. floerkeana (Fr.) Flörke — on wood of Pinus sylvestris and on soil; 6, 11, 16 [R]. M3: on soil, 30 VII 1897, Lang, H 8004683.

C. furcata (Huds.) Schrad. — on sandy soil; 27, a1 [R].

C. gracilis (L.) Willd. subsp. gracilis — M3: on soil, 29 VII 1897, Lang, H 8004728.

subsp. turbinata (Ach.) Ahti — on wood of conifers and on soil; 7, 18, 20, 21, 28, 30, a1 [R].

C. grayi G. Merr. ex Sandst. — on bark of Pinus sylvestris and on soil; 8, 19, 30 [R]. Thalli contain grayanic and (some specimens) fumarprotocetraric acids.

C. macilenta Hoffm. — on bark and wood of Pinus sylvestris, and on soil; 7, 12, 19-22, 2830, 32, 35, 38, 40, 41 [O].

C. macroceras (Delise) Hav. — on primary soil; 30 [R1].

RC. macrophylla (Schaer.) Stenh. — on primary soil on granite boulder; 7 [R1].

C. merochlorophaea Asahina — on bark of Pinus sylvestris and on soil; 3, 9, 11, 27, 38, a8 [R]. Thalli contain merochlorophaeic and (some specimens) fumarprotocetraric acids.

C. mitis Sandst. — on soil; 4, 7, 21 [R].

iC. norvegica Tonsberg et Holien — on log of Picea abies; 22, 24, 26, 34, a6 [R].

C. ochrochlora Flörke — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Picea abies, and Populus tremula, on wood of Pinus sylvestris, on upturned roots; 2, 5, 18, 22, 34, 37, 40, 42 [R].

C. phyllophora Hoffm. — on sandy soil; 27, a4 [R].

C. pleurota (Flörke) Schaer. — on soil and on bark and wood of conifers, on bark of Betula sp.; 6, 7, 9, 15, 16, 21, 24, 30, 44 [R].

C. pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. — on soil; 7, 16, 21, 32 [R].

C. rangiferina (L.) F. H. Wigg. — on soil and on bark and wood of conifers; 4, 6, 7, 9, 11-13, 15, 16, 18-21, 24, 25, 29, 30, 32, 33, 37, 39-42, 47, a4, a5 [F].

C. rei Schaer. — on soil; 11, 16, 27, a8 [R].

C. squamosa Hoffm. — on soil; 7, 11, 21, 30 [R].

C. stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar et Vezda — on soil; 4, 7, 11, 15, 16, 19, 21, 29, 30, 39, 47, a4 [O].

C. stygia (Fr.) Ruoss — on soil; 8, 11, a4 [R].

Cladonia subulata (L.) F. H. Wigg. — on soil; 13, 39 [R].

C. sulphurina (Michx.) Fr. — on bark and wood of conifers, on bark of Betula sp. and on soil; 3, 4, 6-9, 11, 15, 16, 18-21, 25, 29, 32, 35, 37-39, 42, 47, a8 [F].

C. turgida Hoffm. — on sandy soil; a1 [RJ.

C. uncialis (L.) F. H. Wigg. — on soil; 7, 16, 21, 30, a4 [R].

C. verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer. — on soil; 7, 16, a8 [R].

Cliostomum griffithii (Sm.) Coppins — on bark of Picea abies and Sorbus aucuparia, on wood of Picea abies; 24, 40-42 [R].

sC. leprosum (Räsänen) Holien et Tensberg — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris; 23-25, 30, 37, 40-42, a9-a15 [R]. Thalli contain atranorin and caperatic acid.

#Clypeococcum hypocenomycis D. Hawksw. — on corticolous and lignicolous thalli of Hypocenomycescalaris; 3, 6-9, 12-15, 17-19, 21, 30, 35, 37-39, 41, 47, a5 [F].

Coenogonium pineti (Ach.) Lücking et Lumbsch — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, and Populus tremula, on wood and upturned roots; 2, 10, 24, 25, 34, 36, 37, 40-44, 46, a9 [O].

*#Cyphobasidium hypogymniicola (Diederich et Ahti) Millanes et al. — on thallus of Hypo-gymnia physodes on bark of Pinus sylvestris; 21 [RJ; BILAS. New to North-Western European Russia, the nearest locality in Russia is known in the Murmansk Region (Zhurbenko, 2007). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway, Finland (Westberg et al, 2021).

The species is characterized by forming galls which are initially simple, with a constricted base, often have irregular shape, up to 3 mm diam., later bullate and reaching up to 17 mm diam., initially concolourous with the thallus, later becoming brown in the upper part. Basidia septate, with 4 epibasidia, basidiospores ellipsoid. Other fungus forming galls on Hypogymnia spp. is Tremella hypogymniae which differs by forming more regular sphaerical galls, as well as tremelloid basidia and basidiospores (Diederich, 2004).

R Diarthonis spadicea (Leight.) Frisch et al. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, and Picea abies, on wood of Picea abies; 24, 40, 41, 43 [R].

Dibaeis baeomyces (L. f.) Rambold et Hertel — on sandy soil on roadside; a8 [RJ.

Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman — on granite; 7, 21, 30 [R].

Eopyrenula leucoplaca (Wallr.) R. C. Harris — on bark of Alnus glutinosa; 23 [RJ.

#Epicladonia simplex D. Hawksw. — on thallus of Cladonia bacilliformis on bark of Pinus sylvestris; 19 [RJ; BILAS. New to WLR, known from ELR (Himelbrant et al., 2013).

R sEvernia divaricata (L.) Ach. — on bark of Picea abies; 41, a11 [R]. M2: on bark of Picea abies, 23 VIII 1939, Ahlner, S L-37043, UPS L-03970 (12222) (Ahlner, 1941, 1948).

E. mesomorpha Nyl. — on bark and wood of conifers and Betula sp.; 6, 8, 11, 18, 19, 29, 32, 35, 41, 42, 47, a3, a5 [O]. M3: on bark of Pinus sylvestris, 23 VIII 1939, Ahlner, S L-37424 (Ahlner, 1948).

E. prunastri (L.) Ach. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Prunus padus, Salix sp., and Sorbus aucuparia; 2, 25, 28, 33, 36, 40-43, 45, 46 [O].

R sFelipes leucopellaeus (Ach.) Frisch et G. Thor — on bark of Betula sp. and Picea abies; 24, 25, 40-42, a6, a10-a13 [R].

Fellhanera subtilis (Vezda) Diederich et Sérus. — on bark of Vaccinium myrtillus and on fruit bodies of polypores; 5, 12, 17, 22, 24, 40 [R].

Frutidella furfuracea (Anzi) M. Westb. et M. Svensson — on bark of Betula sp. and Picea abies; 24, 38 [R]. Thalli contain sphaerophorin.

Fuscidea arboricola Coppins et Tonsberg — on bark of Acerplatanoides, Alnus incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, and Prunuspadus, on wood of conifers; 4, 10, 14, 22-24, 31, 34, 43, 44, 46 [O]. Thalli contain fumarprotocetraric acid.

F. pusilla Tonsberg — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Juniperus communis, Larix sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Salix spp., and Sorbus aucuparia, on wood of conifers; 1, 2, 5, 9-12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20-26, 28, 33-35, 37, 38, 40-44, 47, a5, a9 [C]. Thalli contain divaricatic acid.

Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, Prunus padus, Sorbus aucuparia, and Vaccinium myrtillus; 10, 17, 23, 28, 31, 34, 36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, a9 [O]. M3: on bark of deciduous tree, 29 VII 1897, Lang, H 8005028.

sGyalecta truncigena (Ach.) Hepp — on bark of Populus tremula; 42 [RJ.

Gyalolechia flavorubescens (Huds.) Sochting et al. — on bark of Populus tremula; 5, 17, 33, 42 [R].

Gyrographa gyrocarpa (Flot.) Ertz et Tehler — on granite; 30 [R1].

iHertelidea botryosa (Fr.) Printzen et Kantvilas — on burnt wood of old stumps of Pinus sylvestris; 3, 9 [R].

#Homostegia piggotii (Berk. et Broome) P. Karst. — on thalli of Parmelia saxatilis and P. omphalodes on granite boulders; 21, 30 [R].

Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) M. Choisy — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Larix sp., Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris, on wood of conifers; 3, 4, 6-9, 11-15, 17-22, 24-26, 28-30, 32-42, 47, a3, a5 [C].

Hypogymnia farinacea Zopf — on granite; 30 [R1].

H. physodes (L.) Nyl. — on bark and wood of different trees, on granite, old leather, and upturned roots; 1-15, 17-47, a3, a5 [VC]. M3: on bark of Pinus sylvestris, 23 VIII 1939, Ahlner, H 8004182, S F195282 (both sub Bryoria furcellata).

H. tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. — on bark and wood of different trees, also on granite; 1-5, 7-15, 17-26, 28-30, 32-47, a3, a5 [VC].

iIcmadophila ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr. — on mossy soil; a7 [R1]. M3: on wood, 10 VII 1898, Lang, TUR 17103, 68502.

Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S. L. F. Meyer — on bark and wood of conifers, on bark of Betula sp.; 3, 4, 6-9, 11, 14, 15, 18-21, 24, 25, 29, 30, 35, 38, 39, 47, a3 [F].

Japewia subaurifera Muhr et Tonsberg — on bark of Betula sp. and conifers; 5, 9, 10, 14, 18, 20, 22, 25, 29, 35, 40, 41, 44, a6 [O].

*#Karschia talcophila (Ach.) Körb. — on thallus of Diploschistes scruposus on granite boulder; 21 [R1]; LE L-19172. New to North-Western European Russia, the nearest locality in Russia is known in Republic of Bashkortostan (Urbanavichus, Urbanavichene, 2011). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Sweden, Finland (Westberg et al, 2021).

The species is characterized by forming black apothecioid ascomata on thalli of Diploschistes spp. Ascomata roundish, 0.3-0.6 mm diam., with erumpent initials as black dots, subsequently enlarging rough discs and persistent rough margins, asci fissitunicate, ascospores brown, one-septate (Hafellner, 2004).

#Kukwaea pubescens Motiej. et Zhurb. — on thallus of Cetraria islandica on sandy soil; 27, 29 [R].

fRLasallia pustulata (L.) Mérat — M3: on stone, 29 VII 1897, Lang, H 8005111.

*Lecaimmeria cupreoatra (Nyl.) C. M. Xie — on granite; 45 [R1]; LE L-18999. New to LR. Distribution in North-Western European Russia: described from Karelia (Nylander, 1866). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: not reported.

The species is characterized by a discontinuous brown thallus with distinct epinecral layer and black hypothallus, lecanorine apothecia with brown epihymenium, and the presence of gy-rophoric acid (Calatayud, Rambold, 1998; Xie et al., 2022).

R sLecanactis abietina (Ach.) Körb. — on bark of Picea abies and Populus tremula; 24, 25, 40-42, a10-a13 [R].

Lecania cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr. — on bark of Alnusglutinosa, Populus tremula, Sorbus aucu-paria, and Vaccinium myrtillus; 5, 33, 36, 41, 42 [R].

L. cyrtellina (Nyl.) Sandst. — on bark of Alnus incana and Sorbus aucuparia; 14, 17, 43 [R].

L. dubitans (Nyl.) A. L. Sm. — on fruit bodies of polypores; 14 [R1].

L. naegelii (Hepp) Diederich et van den Boom — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Populus tremula, Salix spp., and Sorbus aucuparia; 5, 33, 36, 43, 45 [R].

Lecanora aitema (Ach.) Hepp — on bark of Acerplatanoides, Pinus sylvestris, and Salix sp., on wood of conifers; 11, 17, 29, 39, 43, 45 [R].

L. albella (Pers.) Ach. — on bark of Alnus incana; 43 [R1]. M3: on bark of deciduous tree, 30 VII 1897, Lang, H 8005135.

L. allophana Nyl. — on bark of Populus tremula; 17, 26, 33, 42 [R].

L. anopta Nyl. — on bark of Pinus sylvestris; 38 [R1].

L. argentata (Ach.) Malme — on bark of Alnus glutinosa and A. incana; 2, 43 [R].

L. cadubriae (A. Massal.) Hedl. — on bark of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris; 9, 24, 29, 33, 39 [R].

L. carpinea (L.) Vain. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Populus tremula, Salix spp., and Sorbus aucuparia; 5, 10, 17, 23, 26, 28, 33, 36, 42-46 [O].

L. chlarotera Nyl. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Populus tremula, Salix sp., and Sorbus aucuparia; 2, 5, 12, 18, 21, 26, 36, 40, 43-45 [O].

L. circumborealis Brodo et Vitik. — on bark and wood of Pinus sylvestris; 8, 11, 32, a3 [R].

L. compallens van Herk et Aptroot — on bark of Picea abies; 24 [R1]. Thallus contains usnic acid and zeorin.

L. hypopta (Ach.) Vain. — on wood of Picea abies; 24 [R1].

L. hypoptella (Nyl.) Grummann — on bark and wood of conifers; 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 24, 26, 29, 30, 34, 35, 38, a3 [O].

L. hypoptoides (Nyl.) Nyl. — on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 12 [R1].

L. intricata (Ach.) Ach. — on granite; 7, 21, 30, 45 [R]. M2: on stone, 12 VIII 1917, Räsänen, H s. n. (sub Lecanora polytropa).

L. norvegica Tensberg — on bark of Pinus sylvestris; 3, 15, 18, 19 [R].

L. phaeostigma (Körb.) Almb. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa; 40 [R1].

L. polytropa (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Rabenh. — on granite; 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 45 [R]. M2: on stone, 12 VIII 1917, Räsänen, H s. n.

L. populicola (DC.) Duby — on bark of Populus tremula; 33, 42 [R].

L. pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. — on bark and wood; 1, 3-5, 8-10, 12-15, 17-21, 23-25, 28-35, 38, 40, 41, 43-47, a3, a9 [C].

L. rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. — on granite; 21 [R1]. M3: on stones, M3, 13 IX 1960, Wei, LE L-11043 (Wei, 1962a, b).

L. subintricata (Nyl.) Th. Fr. — on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 3, 32 [R].

L. symmicta (Ach.) Ach. — on bark and wood of different trees; 2, 4, 14, 17, 18, 21, 23, 31-36, 38, 39, 42-46, a9 [F]. M3: on bark of deciduous tree, VII 1897, Lang, H 8005233.

L. umbrina (Ach.) A. Massal. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus incana, Populus tremula, and Salix sp.; 5, 31, 42, 43, 45 [R].

f L. varia (Hoffm.) Ach. — M3: on bark of deciduous tree, VII 1897, Läng, H 8005244.

Lecidea albofuscescens Nyl. — on bark of Picea abies, Populus tremula, and Sorbus aucuparia; 17, 36, 40-42 [R].

L. erythrophaea Flörke ex Sommerf. — on bark of Populus tremula, Salix caprea, and Sorbus aucuparia; 5, 34, 42, 43 [R].

L. fuscoatra (L.) Ach. — on granite; 7, 21, 30 [R].

L. leprarioides Tonsberg — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris; 9, 10, 22, 24, 25, 34, 37, 38, 40-42, a6 [O].

L. lithophila (Ach.) Ach. — on granite; 16 [R1].

L. nylanderi (Anzi) Th. Fr. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Juniperus communis, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Sorbus aucuparia, on wood of conifers; 1-7, 9, 10, 12-15, 1722, 24-26, 28-30, 34-42, 44, 47 [C].

L. turgidula Fr. — on bark and wood of conifers, on bark of Alnus glutinosa; 2, 3, 5-7, 9, 10, 13-15, 17-21, 24, 26, 28, 29, 32-34, 36-42 [C].

Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy — on bark of Alnus incana, Populus tremula, Prunuspadus, and Sorbus aucuparia; 5, 33, 35, 42, 43, 46 [R].

L. euphorea (Flörke) Hertel — on bark of Alnus incana, Populus tremula, and Salix spp.; 5, 43, 45 [R].

L. stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel et Leuckert — on granite and slate; 27, 45 [R].

Lepra albescens (Huds.) Hafellner var. albescens — on bark of Alnus incana and Betula sp.; 20, 43 [R].

L. amara (Ach.) Hafellner — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Picea abies, Populus tremula, and Sorbus aucuparia, on wood of Picea abies; 17, 20, 23, 25, 36, 40-42 [R]. M3: on bark of deciduous tree, 29 VII 1897, Läng, H 8000688.

Lepraria borealis Loht. et Tonsberg — on granite, also on mosses and primary soil on boulders; 7, 16, 21, 30 [R]. Two chemotypes were observed, thalli contain: (1) atranorin, rangiformic and norrangiformic acids, (2) atranorin and roccellic/angardianic acid.

L. elobata Tonsberg — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Juniperus communis, Larix sp., Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris, on wood and granite; 1, 2, 5, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, 26, 30, 35-37, 40, 42-44, 46, 47, a5 [F]. Thalli contain atranorin, zeorin, and stictic acid complex.

L. finkii (B. de Lesd.) R. C. Harris — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, and Sorbus aucuparia, on wood, primary soil, and upturned roots; 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 19, 22-26, 28, 35-37, 40-44, 46 [F]. Thalli contain atranorin, zeorin, and stictic acid complex.

L. incana (L.) Ach. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Sorbus aucuparia, and Vaccinium myrtillus, on upturned roots; 1-3, 5, 9, 10, 14, 17, 19, 22-26, 28, 34, 36-38, 40-42, 44 [F]. Thalli contain atranorin (some specimens), divaricatic acid, and zeorin.

L. jackii Tonsberg — on bark of Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Vaccinium myrtillus, on wood of conifers and upturned roots; 1, 5, 9, 14, 19, 20, 22, 24-26, 28, 34, 37, 40-42 [O]. Thalli contain atranorin, roccellic/angardianic and jackinic/rangiformic acids.

L. membranacea (Dicks.) Vain. — on granite; 21 [R1].

L. neglecta (Nyl.) Lettau — on granite; 21, 32, 45 [R]. Thalli contain atranorin, alectorialic, rangiformic, and angardianic acids.

iLeptogium saturninum (Dicks.) Nyl. — on bark of Populus tremula; 5, 42 [R].

Leptorhaphis atomaria (Ach.) Szatala — on bark of Populus tremula; 17, 33 [R].

+L. epidermidis (Ach.) Th. Fr. — on bark of Betula sp.; 9, 12, 18, 21, 29, 33, 38, 44 [R].

#Lichenoconium erodens M. S. Christ. et D. Hawksw. — on thallus of Parmeliopsis ambigua on bark of Pinus sylvestris; 19 [R1]; BILAS.

#L. lecanorae (Jaap) D. Hawksw. — on thalli of Parmeliopsis ambigua on bark of Betula sp. and Pinus sylvestris; 6, 40 [R]; BILAS.

Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L.) Redhead et al. — on wood and upturned roots of conifers; 32, 40, 41 [R].

#Lichenostigma maureri Hafellner — on thalli of Bryoria capillaris on bark of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris; 1, 20, 25, 29, 34, 42 [R].

RR sLobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. — on bark of Populus tremula; 42, a12 [R]. M3: on branches of Picea abies, 29 VII 1897, Lang, H 8005328 (Hakulinen, 1964).

R iLopadium disciforme (Flot.) Kullh. — on bark of Alnusglutinosa; 40 [R1].

Loxospora elatina (Ach.) A. Massal. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris; 19, 20, 22, 24-26, 34, 36, 37, 40-42, a6 [O]. Thalli contain thamnolic and elatinic acids.

RMelanelia hepatizon (Ach.) A. Thell — on granite; 30 [R1].

RM. stygia (L.) Essl. — on granite; 7, 21, 30 [R]. M3: on stones, 29 VII 1897, Lang, H 8005412, 8005415.

Melanelixia glabratula (Lamy) Sandler et Arup — on bark of Alnus incana, Salix spp., and Sorbus aucuparia; 36, 43, 45 [R].

M. subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, Populus tremula, and Sorbus aucuparia; 18, 23, 33, 34, 36, 40, 41, 43, 46 [R].

Melanohalea exasperata (De Not.) O. Blanco et al. — on bark of Populus tremula and Salix caprea; 5, 33, 42, 43 [R].

M. exasperatula (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. — on bark of Larix sp., Picea abies, and Populus tremula; 2, 20, 33, 40, 42, a5 [R].

M. olivacea (L.) O. Blanco et al. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Prunus padus, Salix sp., and Sorbus aucuparia; 1, 2, 5, 12, 14, 18, 20, 21, 23, 28, 29, 33, 35, 36, 40, 41, 43-46 [F]. M3: on bark of deciduous tree, VII 1897, Lang, H 8005244 (sub Lecanora varia).

M. septentrionalis (Lynge) O. Blanco et al. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., and Salix caprea; 2, 5, 36, 43 [R].

Micarea botryoides (Nyl.) Coppins — on wood of Pinus sylvestris and upturned roots; 26, 32 [R]. No lichen substances detected by HPTLC.

M. byssacea (Th. Fr.) Czarnota et al. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Vaccinium myrtillus, wood of Betula sp. and Pinus sylvestris; 2, 23,

25, 26, 28, 35, 36, 40, 43, 44, a9 [O]. Thalli contain methoxymicareic acid.

M. contexta Hedl. — on wood of Picea abies; 37, 40, 42 [R]. No lichen substances detected by HPTLC.

M. denigrata (Fr.) Hedl. — on bark and wood of Pinus sylvestris; 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 15, 18, 21, 22,

26, 30, 33, 35 [O]. Thalli and apothecia contain gyrophoric acid.

M. elachista (Körb.) Coppins et R. Sant. — on bark and wood of conifers; 10, 30, 40, 41 [R]. No lichen substances detected by HPTLC.

M. erratica (Körb.) Hertel et al. — on granite and slate; 27 [R1].

M. fallax Launis et Myllys — on bark of Picea abies and wood of Pinus sylvestris; 17, 18, 26 [R]. Thalli contain micareic acid.

M. hedlundii Coppins — on bark and wood of Picea abies; 4, 40, 41, 42 [R]. No lichen substances detected by HPTLC.

M. laeta Launis et Myllys — on wood of Picea abies; 1, 37 [R]. Thalli contain methoxymi-careic acid.

M. melaena (Nyl.) Hedl. — on bark of Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Populus tremula, on wood of conifers, primary soil, and upturned roots; 3-5, 9, 13, 14, 17, 18, 21, 22, 25, 26, 28, 30, 37, 38, 40-42, 47 [F]. Thalli contain gyrophoric acid.

*M. melanobola (Nyl.) Coppins — on bark of Alnus glutinosa and Picea abies; 2, 24, 36, 40 [R]; LE L-19043, L-19047, L-19049, L-19051, L-19062. Thalli contain micareic acid. New to North-Western European Russia; the nearest locality in Russia is known in the Kostroma Region (Urbanavichene, Urbanavichus, 2021). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Finland, Sweden (Westberg et al., 2021), Estonia (Randlane et al, 2021).

The species is characterized by having pale to dark green thallus which consists of goniocysts, dark gray to blackish apothecia with crystalline granules in hymenium and high amount of Sedifolia-gray pigment (K and C+ violet in cross-section), as well as by presence of micareic acid in thallus (Launis et al, 2019).

M. microareolata Launis et al. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Picea abies, Sorbus aucuparia, and Vaccinium myrtillus, on wood of Betula sp.; 1, 2, 10, 17, 25, 40-43 [R]. Thalli contain methoxymicareic acid.

M. misella (Nyl.) Hedl. — on wood; 2, 3, 12, 15, 18-20, 22, 28, 34 [O]. No lichen substances detected by HPTLC.

M. nitschkeana (J. Lahm ex Rabenh.) Harm. — on bark and wood of conifers; 3, 4, 42 [R]. Thalli and apothecia contain gyrophoric acid.

*M. nowakii Czarnota et Coppins — on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 4, 7, 19 [R]; LE L-19497, L-19498, L-19499. Thalli contain micareic acid. New to LR, known from SPb (Himelbrant et al, 2021b).

M. peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins et R. Sant. — on granite; 7 [R1].

M. prasina Fr. s. str. — on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 4 [R1]. Thallus contains micareic acid.

M. pusilla Launis et al. — on wood; 25, a05 [R]. Thalli contain methoxymicareic acid.

M. soralifera Guzow-Krzem. et al. — on bark of Betula sp. and Picea abies, on wood; 22, 25, 34, 40, 42, a5, a9 [R]. Thalli contain micareic acid.

*M. synotheoides (Nyl.) Coppins — on bark of Alnus incana; 43 [R1]; LE L-19060. No lichen substances detected by HPTLC. New to Russia. Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway (Westberg et al, 2021).

The species is characterized by dark green thallus consisting of granular areoles (± gelatinous when wet), dark apothecia (K+ violet), and rod-shaped to curved-acicular 1- to 7- (up to 11) septate ascospores measuring 14.0-35.0(43.0) x 1.8-2.5(3.0) ^m. Morphologically it is somewhat similar to Micarea prasina group, from which it differs by spores and a lack of lichen substances detectable by TLC (The lichens..., 2009).

M. tomentosa Czarnota et Coppins — on bark and wood of Alnus incana and Picea abies; 2, 5, 43, a9 [R]. No lichen substances detected by HPTLC.

M. turfosa (A. Massal.) Du Rietz — on dead mosses and peat in hollows; 11 [R1].

+R sMicrocalicium ahlneri Tibell — on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 12, 38 [R].

+M. arenarium (Hampe ex A. Massal.) Tibell — on upturned roots of Picea abies; 22, 34, 40 [R].

# Microcalicium disseminatum (Ach.) Vain. — on bark of Picea abies, also on epiphytic algae and thalli of Chaenotheca spp. on bark of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris; 3, 24, 25, 37, 40-42, a5 [R].

#Monodictys epilepraria Kukwa et Diederich — on thalli of Lepraria spp. on bark of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Alnus glutinosa; 22, 24, 37, 40, 42 [R].

Montanelia disjuncta (Erichsen) Divakar et al. — on granite; 30 [R1].

M. panniformis (Nyl.) Divakar et al. — on granite; 30 [R1].

M. sorediata (Ach.) Divakar et al. — on granite; 21, 45 [R]. M3: on rocks and boulders, 1960, Wei (Wei, 1962a, b).

#Muellerella pygmaea (Körb.) D. Hawksw. — on thallus of Mycoblastus sanguinarius on granite boulder; 21 [R1]; BILAS.

iMulticlavula mucida (Pers.) R. H. Petersen — on aspen wood; a13 [R1].

M. vernalis (Schwein.) R. H. Petersen — on sandy soil; 27 [R1].

Mycobilimbia carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) S. Ekman et Printzen — on bark of Populus tremula and on mosses; 5, 26, 42 [R].

M. epixanthoides (Nyl.) Vitik. et al. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa and Populus tremula, on mosses; 5, 10, 40, 42, 44 [R].

M. pilularis (Körb.) Hafellner et Türk — on bark of Alnus glutinosa; 40 [R1].

M. tetramera (De Not.) Vitik. et al. ex Hafellner et Türk — on bark of Populus tremula; 42 [R1].

Mycoblastus affinis (Schaer.) T. Schauer — on granite; 21 [R1].

M. alpinus (Fr.) Th. Fr. ex Hellb. — on bark and wood of conifers, bark of Betula sp., on granite boulders and primary soil on boulders; 3, 7, 30, 37, 40, 41 [R].

M. sanguinarius (L.) Norman — on bark and wood of conifers, granite boulders and primary soil on boulders; 3, 7, 11, 13, 21, 25, 30, 37 [R].

+Mycocalicium subtile (Pers.) Szatala — on wood of Betula sp. and conifers; 1, 3, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17-19, 21, 24, 26, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 37, 39, a3 [F].

Myriolecis dispersa (Pers.) Sliwa et al. — on concrete; a5 [R1].

M. hagenii (Ach.) Sliwa et al. — on bark of Populus tremula, Salix caprea, and Sorbus aucu-paria; 5, 42, 43, 46 [R].

M. sambuci (Pers.) Clem. — on bark of Populus tremula; 5 [R1].

M. semipallida (H. Magn.) Sliwa et al. — on slate; 27 [R1].

Naetrocymbe punctiformis (Pers.) R. C. Harris — on bark of Acer platanoides and Salix sp.; 43, 45 [R].

R sNephroma bellum (Spreng.) Tuck. — on bark of Populus tremula; 42 [R1].

sN. parile (Ach.) Ach. — on bark of Populus tremula; 42 [R1].

fR sN. resupinatum (L.) Ach. — M3: on bark of Sorbus aucuparia, 29 VII 1897, Läng, H 8000382, H 8000379, TUR 69108.

#Niesslia cladoniicola D. Hawksw. et W. Gams — on thallus of Cladonia caespiticia on bark of Pinus sylvestris; 15 [R1].

Ochrolechia alboflavescens (Wulfen) Zahlbr. — on bark of Betula sp. and Pinus sylvestris, on wood of Picea abies and on granite; 3, 10, 11, 30, 37 [R]. Thalli contain variolaric, licheste-rinic, protolichesterinic acids and "microstictoides-unknowns" (see Kukwa, 2011).

O. androgyna (Hoffm.) Arnold — on bark of Picea abies; 25 [R1]. Thallus contains gyro-phoric and lecanoric acids and "androgyna B-unknowns" 1, 2, 3 (see Kukwa, 2011).

O. bahusiensis H. Magn. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Picea abies, Populus tremula, and Sorbus aucuparia; 2, 10, 36, 40, 42, 46 [R]. Thalli contain gyrophoric, lecanoric acids and murolic acid complex (see Kukwa, 2011).

O. mahluensis Räsänen — on bark of Sorbus aucuparia; 37 [R1]. Thallus contains gyrophoric and lecanoric acids.

O. microstictoides Räsänen — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Sorbus aucuparia, on wood of Picea abies; 1-6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 18, 20, 24-26, 30, 34, 36, 37, 40-42, 47 [F]. Thalli contain variolaric, lichesterinic and (some specimens) protoliches-terinic acids, as well as "microstictoides-unknowns" (see Kukwa, 2011).

O. pallescens (L.) A. Massal. — on bark of Populus tremula; 42 [R1]. Thallus contains gyrophoric, lecanoric, variolaric acids and murolic acid complex (trace).

Opegrapha niveoatra (Borrer) J. R. Laundon — on bark of Sorbus aucuparia; 10, 28, 31, 41 [R]. O. vulgata (Ach.) Ach. — on bark of Acer platanoides; 31 [R1].

Pachyphiale fagicola (Hepp) Zwackh — on bark of Acer platanoides and Sorbus aucuparia; 31, 36, 46 [R].

Palicella filamentosa (Stirt.) Rodr. Flakus et Printzen — on bark and wood of Pinus sylvestris; 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 13, 18, 32, 38, a3 [R].

RParmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl. — on granite boulders; 21, 32 [R]. M3: on boulders, 1960, Wei (Wei, 1962a, b).

P. omphalodes (L.) Ach. — on granite boulders and primary soil on boulders; 21, 30 [R]. P. saxatilis (L.) Ach. — on granite boulders; 7, 21, 30 [R].

P. sulcata Taylor — on bark and wood of different trees, on granite; 1, 2, 5, 12, 17, 18, 20,

23-25, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35-37, 40-43, 45, 46, a5 [F]. M3: on bark of deciduous tree, 30 VII 1897, Läng, H 8005135 (sub Lecanora albella).

Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. — on bark and wood of different trees, on granite; 1-15, 17-26, 28-30, 32-42, 44, 46, 47, a5 [VC].

P. hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold — on bark of Betula sp., Juniperus communis, Larix sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Populus tremula, on wood of conifers and granite; 1, 3-15, 17-22,

24-26, 28-30, 32, 33, 35, 37-42, 44, 47, a5 [C].

Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. — on soil and mosses; 21, 33, 47 [R]. P. canina (L.) Willd. — on soil; 27, 33 [R]. P. didactyla (With.) J. R. Laundon — on sandy soil; 27 [R1]. P. extenuata (Nyl. ex Vain.) Lojka — on sandy soil; 27 [R1].

P. neopolydactyla (Gyeln.) Gyeln. — on wood of Picea abies and mosses; 24, 40, 41 [R]. P. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm. — on wood of Alnus glutinosa and sandy soil; 27, 36 [R]. P. praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf — on bark of Populus tremula, wood, and mosses; 5, 17, 36, 37, 41-43 [R]. M3: on mosses, VII 1897, Läng, H 8000646. P. rufescens (Weiss) Humb. — on sandy soil; 27 [R1].

+Peridiothelia fuliguncta (Norman) D. Hawksw. — on bark of Alnus incana; 23, 43 [R]. Pertusaria alpina Hepp ex Ahles — on bark of Alnus incana; 43 [R1]. P. carneopallida (Nyl.) Anzi ex Nyl. — on bark of Sorbus aucuparia; 12, 14, 17, 31 [R]. R iP. coccodes (Ach.) Nyl. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Picea abies, and Populus tremula, on wood of Picea abies; 23, 24, 40, 42, a12 [R].

P. leioplaca DC. — on bark of Alnus incana; 43 [R1].

P. pupillaris (Nyl.) Th. Fr. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, Prunuspadus, Salix caprea, and Sorbus aucuparia; 1, 23, 31, 35-37, 40, 41, 43, 46, a9 [O]. Thalli contain fumarprotocetraric acid.

+Phaeocalicium polyporaeum (Nyl.) Tibell — on fruit bodies of Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden on trunk of Betula sp.; 44 [R1].

Phaeophyscia ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg — on bark of Populus tremula; 33 [RJ.

P. nigricans (Flörke) Moberg — on bark of Populus tremula and concrete; 42, a5 [R].

P. orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg — on bark of Salix caprea, concrete, and slate; 27, 43, a5 [R].

P. sciastra (Ach.) Moberg — on concrete; a5 [RJ.

R iPhlyctis agelaea (Ach.) Flot. — on bark of Alnus incana and Salix caprea; 43 [RJ.

P. argena (Spreng.) Flot. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus incana, Picea abies, Populus tremula, Prunuspadus, Salix caprea, and Sorbus aucuparia; 5, 10, 17, 23, 26, 31, 34, 36, 41-43, 46 [O].

Physcia adscendens H. Olivier — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Populus tremula, and Sorbus aucuparia, on concrete; 33, 36, a5 [R].

P. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Populus tremula, and Salix caprea; 5, 33, 36, 42, 43 [R].

P. alnophila (Vain.) Loht. et al. — on bark of Populus tremula and Sorbus aucuparia; 5, 36, 42 [R].

P. caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr. — on concrete, granite, and slate; 27, 45, a5 [R].

P. dubia (Hoffm.) Lettau — on granite; 45 [RJ.

P. stellaris (L.) Nyl. — on bark of Prunus padus and Salix caprea; 43, 46 [R].

P. tenella (Scop.) DC. — on bark of Betula sp., Populus tremula, and Salix caprea, on granite; 5, 33, 37, 42, 43, 45 [R].

Placynthiella dasaea (Stirt.) Tonsberg — on bark of Pinus sylvestris, wood of conifers, soil, and plant debris; 3, 5, 7, 16-22, 24, 25, 27-30, 32, 34, 37-39, 41 [F].

P. icmalea (Ach.) Coppins et P. James — on bark of Picea abies, wood, soil, and old leather; 7, 12, 16, 18-23, 26-28, 32, 34-37, 40-43 [F].

P. oligotropha (J. R. Laundon) Coppins et P. James — on soil and upturned roots; 21, 27, 29 [R].

P. uliginosa (Schrad.) Coppins et P. James — on bark of Pinus sylvestris, wood of conifers, soil, and upturned roots; 7, 12, 16, 21, 27, 28, 37, 39 [R].

Placynthium nigrum (Huds.) Gray — on concrete; 27 [RJ.

Platismatia glauca (L.) W. L. Culb. et C. F. Culb. — on bark, wood, and granite; 1-7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17-22, 24-26, 28-30, 33-35, 37-43, 46 [C]. M3: on bark of Pinus sylvestris, 23 VIII 1939, Ahlner, S F195282 (sub Bryoria furcellata).

Polycauliona polycarpa (Hoffm.) Fröden et al. — on bark of Salix spp.; 43, 45 [R].

Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel et Knoph — on granite; 7, 16, 27, 30 [R].

P. macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel et A. J. Schwab — on granite; 7 [RJ.

P. tuberculosa (Sm.) Hertel et Knoph — on granite; 7, 16, 21, 30 [R]. Thalli contain con-fluentic and 2'-0-methylperlatolic acids.

#Pronectria robergei (Mont. et Desm.) Lowen — on thallus of Peltigera extenuata on sandy soil; 27 [R1].

Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Hafellner — on granite; 7, 16, 21, 30 [R].

P. oleagina (Harm.) Coppins — on old snag of Pinus sylvestris; 11 [RJ.

Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreb.) M. Choisy — on granite; 32 [RJ.

Protothelenella corrosa (Körb.) H. Mayrhofer et Poelt — on granite; 7, 16, 30 [R].

P. petri H. Mayrhofer et Poelt — on Polytrichum sp. over granite boulder; 7 [RJ. New for LR, known from SPb (Himelbrant et al, 2016).

P. sphinctrinoidella (Nyl.) H. Mayrhofer et Poelt — on primary soil; 30 [RJ.

Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Juniperus communis, Larix sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Vaccinium myrtillus, wood of conifers and

granite; 1-15, 18-22, 25, 26, 28-30, 32-35, 37-42, 47, a5 [C]. M3: on bark of Pinus sylvestris, 23 VIII 1939, Ahlner, S F195282 (sub Bryoria furcellata).

Pseudosagedia aenea (Wallr.) Hafellner et Kalb. — on bark of Acer platanoides and Sorbuss aucuparia; 10, 28, 31, 34 [R].

Psilolechia clavulifera (Nyl.) Coppins — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, soil, and upturned roots; 2, 22, 23, 26, 34 [R].

P. lucida (Ach.) M. Choisy — on granite and upturned roots; 12, 21, 34 [R].

Psorotichia schaereri (A. Massal.) Arnold — on concrete; 27 [R1].

Pycnora sorophora (Vain.) Hafellner — on bark and wood of Pinus sylvestris, once on bark of Betula sp.; 1, 3, 4, 6-9, 11-15, 17, 18, 20-22, 26, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 39, a3 [F].

*P. xanthococca (Sommerf.) Hafellner — on old snags of Pinus sylvestris; 11 [R1]; LE L-19372. New to LR, the nearest locality in North-Western European Russia is known in Republic of Karelia (Fadeeva et al., 2007). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland (Westberg et al, 2021).

Non-sorediate species of the genus Pycnora. Differs from related species P. praestabilis (Nyl.) Hafellner by having rounded conidia, while conidia of P.praestabilis are ellipsoid (Foucard, 2001).

*Pyrenula laevigata (Pers.) Arnold — on bark of Alnus incana; 40 [R1]; LE L-19257. New to North-Western European Russia, the nearest locality in Russia is known in the Tver Region (No-tov et al, 2011). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway, Sweden (Westberg et al, 2021), Latvia (Äbolina et al, 2015), Lithuania (Motiejünaite, 2017), Estonia (Randlane et al, 2021).

The species is characterized by having pale immersed thallus lacking pseudocyphellae, relatively large (0.45-0.66 mm diam.), usually flattened perithecia with central ostiole, and 3-sep-tate ascospores (14)17-22(26) ^m long (The lichens..., 2009).

#Raesaenenia huuskonenii (Räsänen) D. Hawksw. et al. — on thalli of Bryoria capillaris and B. fuscescens on bark of Picea abies; 1, 34 [R].

f Ramalina dilacerata (Hoffm.) Hoffm. — M2: on bark of Picea abies (Ahlner, 1941, 1948).

R. farinacea (L.) Ach. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Populus tremula, Prunuspadus, Salixcaprea, and Sorbusaucuparia; 5, 31, 33, 36, 43, 46 [R]. M2: on bark of Picea abies in mixed forest, 23 VIII 1939, Ahlner, S F98346; M3: on bark of tree in spruce forest, 10 VII 1898, Lang, H 8003366.

f R. pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. — M2: on bark of Picea abies, 15 VII 1917, Räsänen, H 8003425.

fR, sR. thrausta (Ach.) Nyl. — M2: on bark of Picea abies in mixed forest, 23 VIII 1939, Ahlner, S s. n. (Ahlner, 1948).

Ramonia himelbrantii Gagarina — on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 3, 4, 11, 19, 21, 32, 38 [R].

Rhizocarpon badioatrum (Flörke ex Spreng.) Th. Fr. — on granite; 7, 21, 30 [R].

R. copelandii (Körb.) Th. Fr. — on granite; 45 [R1].

R. disporum (Nägeli ex Hepp) Müll. Arg. — on granite; 45 [R1].

R. distinctum Th. Fr. — on granite; 27 [R1].

R. eupetraeum (Nyl.) Arnold — on granite; 7, 30 [R].

R. geminatum Körb. — on granite; 45 [R1].

R. geographicum (L.) DC. — on granite; 21, 30 [R].

R. intersitum Arnold — on granite; 16 [R1].

R. jemtlandicum Malme — on granite; 45 [R1].

R. lavatum (Fr.) Hazsl. — on granite; 7, 27, 30 [R]. M2: on granite boulders on the shore, 12 VIII 1917, Räsänen, H s. n. (sub Rinodina milvina).

Rhizocarpon lecanorinum Anders — on granite; 21 [RJ.

R. macrosporum Räsänen — on granite; 7, 16, 21, 32 [R].

*R. sublavatum Fryday — on granite; 7, 16, 21 [R]; LE L-19177, L-19258, L-19419. New to European Russia, the nearest locality in Russia is known in Kamchatka Territory (Himelbrant et al, 2021a). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway, Sweden (Westberg et al, 2021).

The species is related to R. lavatum, but has gray thallus, smaller sessile apothecia with thinner margin, and shorter and broader spores (The lichens., 2009).

Rinodina milvina (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. — on granite boulders on the lake shore; 45 [RJ. M2: on granite boulders on the shore, 12 VIII 1917, Räsänen, H s. n.

R. septentrionalis Malme — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus incana, Populus tremula, and Salix spp.; 33, 43, 45 [R].

R. sophodes (Ach.) A. Massal. — on bark of Populus tremula; 42 [RJ.

R. subparieta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. — on bark of Alnus incana; 43 [RJ.

Ropalospora viridis (Tonsberg) Tonsberg — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Populus tremula, Prunus padus, and Sorbus aucuparia; 2, 5, 23, 31, 36, 41, 43, 46 [R]. Thalli contain perlatolic acid.

#Roselliniella cladoniae (Anzi) Matzer et Hafellner — on thallus of Cladonia sp. on soil;

16 [RJ.

R sRostania occultata (Bagl.) Otalora et al. — on bark of Populus tremula; 42 [RJ.

*Sagedia simoënsis (Räsänen) A. Nordin et al. — on granite; 21 [RJ; LE L-19003. Thalli contain norstictic acid. New to LR. Distribution in North-Western European Russia: Republic of Karelia (Fadeeva et al., 2007). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway, Sweden (Westberg et al, 2021), Estonia (Randlane et al, 2021). The species is characterized by having gray areolate, warted, and sometimes isidiate thallus with soralia, and containing norstictic acid (Foucard, 2001). Our specimen is sterile.

S. zonata Ach. — on granite; 45 [RJ.

+Sarea difformis (Fr.) Fr. — on resin of conifers; 5, 15, 17, 19, 22, 24, 29, 30, 35, 37, 40, 41 [O].

+S. resinae (Fr.) Kuntze — on resin of conifers; 3, 5, 7, 14, 22, 24-26, 37, 39, 40, 42, a5 [O].

*#Sclerococcum microsporum (Etayo) Ertz et Diederich — on thallus of Coenogonium pineti on bark of Alnus glutinosa; 40 [RJ; LE L-19359. New to the North-Western European Russia, the nearest locality in Russia is known in the Tver Region (Notov et al., 2019). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway (Westberg et al., 2021). The species is characterized by black apothecia, multispored asci and 1-septate ascospores measuring 4-5(7) x 2-3 ^m (Ihlen et al, 2004).

Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Graewe ex Stenh.) Vezda — on bark of different trees and on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 2-5, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 21, 35, 43-46 [O].

S. pruinosum (P. James) Vezda — on bark of Juniperus communis and Picea abies; 17, 40 [R].

S. sarothamni (Vain.) Vezda — on bark of different trees and on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 4, 5, 12, 14, 18, 35, 42-44, 46, 47 [O].

S. umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold — on bark of Picea abies and on granite; 28, 45 [R].

#Scutula epiblastematica (Wallr.) Rehm — on thallus of Peltigera praetextata on bark of Populus tremula; 42 [RJ; BILAS.

S. igniarii (Nyl.) S. Ekman — on bark of Betula sp.; 44 [RJ.

iScytinium teretiusculum (Wallr.) Otalora et al. — on bark of Populus tremula; 42, a6 [R].

#Skyttea gregaria Sherwood et al. — on thallus of Violella fucata on branches of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris; 40, a3 [R].

*#Sphinctrina anglica Nyl. — on thallus of Protoparmelia oleagina on old standing dead-wood of Pinus sylvestris; 11 [RJ; LE L-19376. New to the North-Western European Russia, the nearest locality in Russia is known in Republic of Komi (Zhurbenko, 2007). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Sweden, Finland (Westberg et al, 2021).

This extremely rare lichenicolous species is characterized by having black stalked apothe-cia, globose ascospores 7-10 ^m diam., and host specificity (Tibell, 1999).

Steinia geophana (Nyl.) Stein — on wood of Picea abies and sandy soil; 27, a9 [R].

+Stenocybe pullatula (Ach.) Stein — on bark of Alnus glutinosa and A. incana; 2, 23, 36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46 [R].

Stereocaulon alpinum Laurer — on soil; 7, 16 [R].

S. condensatum Hoffm. — on soil; 16 [RJ.

S. paschale (L.) Hoffm. — on primary soil over granite boulder; 21 [RJ. M3: on sandy soil in pine forest, 29 VII 1897, Läng, H 8003547.

S. saxatile H. Magn. — on granite; 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 32 [R].

S. subcoralloides (Nyl.) Nyl. — on primary soil; 30 [RJ.

S. taeniarum (H. Magn.) Kivistö — on soil; 7 [RJ.

S. tomentosum Fr. — on granite and sandy soil; 7, 16, 27 [R].

Strangospora moriformis (Ach.) Stein — on bark of Alnus glutinosa and Pinus sylvestris; 35, a5 [R].

Thelenella pertusariella (Nyl.) Vain. — on bark of Alnus incana and wood of Populus tremula; 24, 43 [R].

Thelocarpon epibolum Nyl. — on sandy soil; 27 [RJ.

T. intermediellum Nyl. — on log of Pinus sylvestris; 9 [RJ.

Toensbergia leucococca (R. Sant.) Bendiksby et Timdal — on bark of Betula sp.; 44 [RJ.

Toninia populorum (A. Massal.) Kistenich et al. — on bark of Populus tremula; 42 [RJ.

Toniniopsis separabilis (Nyl.) Gerasimova et A. Beck — on bark of Alnus incana, Populus tremula, and Salix caprea; 5, 42, 43 [R].

Trapelia coarctata (Sm.) M. Choisy — on granite; 16 [RJ.

T. placodioides Coppins et P. James — on granite; 21 [RJ.

Trapeliopsis flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins et P. James — on bark of Alnus incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Sorbus aucuparia, on wood of conifers and upturned roots; 1, 3, 4, 7-9, 12-15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26, 29, 30, 32, 35-41, 43, 44, 47 [F].

*T. glaucolepidea (Nyl.) Gotth. Schneid. — on wood of Alnus glutinosa; 36 [RJ; LE L-19474. New to North-Western European Russia. Probably new to Russia; reported in "A checklist of the lichen flora of Russia" (Spisok..., 2010) from "N European Russia" without any more information on the locality or data source. Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland (Westberg et al, 2021), Latvia (Äbolina et al, 2015), Lithuania (Motie-jûnaité, 2017), and Estonia (Randlane et al., 2021).

The species has gray-white to glaucous-gray squamulose thallus, with pale greenish-gray soralia, which are lip-shaped, or capitate; thallus UV± glaucous due to the presence of unidentified UV+ substance.

T. granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch — on soil and plant debris, rarely on bark and wood of Pinus sylvestris, on old leather; 7, 13, 16, 21, 27, 30, 34, 35, 37, 40, 41 [O].

#Tremella cetrariicola Diederich et Coppins — on thalli of Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla on bark of Picea abies; 5, 19, 20, 22, 40 [R].

#T. cladoniae Diederich et M. S. Christ. — on corticolous and lignicolous thalli of Cladonia coniocraea; 5, 20, 22-24, 26, 34, 36, 37, 40-42 [O].

#T. coppinsii Diederich et G. Marson — on thalli of Platismatia glauca on twigs and log of Picea abies; 37, 40 [R].

*#T. hypocenomycis Diederich — on thallus of Hypocenomyce scalaris on old standing deadwood of Pinus sylvestris; 11 [R1]; LE L-19375. New to Russia. Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Finland (Westberg et al, 2021).

The species is characterized by forming gelatinous, somewhat irregular basidiomata on thalli of Hypocenomyce scalaris, 2-celled basidia, and thin-walled, smooth, hyaline to slightly pale brown basidiospores, globose or subglobose, measuring (4.6)5.4-7.6(7.8) x (4.0)5.3-7.6(8.1) ^m (Pippola, Kotiranta, 2008).

#T. hypogymniae Diederich et M. S. Christ. — on corticolous thalli of Hypogymnia physodes and H. tubulosa; 2, 10, 17, 21, 22, 34, 37, 40, 41 [R].

#T. lichenicola Diederich — on thalli of Violella fucata on bark and wood of different trees; 3, 4, 7, 10, 13-15, 17-19, 24-26, 29, 31, 38, 40-42, 44, 46 [F].

Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla (Willd. ex Humb.) Hale — on bark, wood, and granite; 1, 5, 9, 10, 14, 17, 19-22, 24, 28-30, 32-34, 36, 37, 40, 41, 43, 47, a5 [F].

T. ciliaris (Ach.) Gyeln. — on bark (twig) of young Betula sp.; 33 [R1].

Umbilicaria deusta (L.) Baumg. — on granite; 7, 16, 21, 30, 32, 45 [R].

RU. hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. var. hyperborea — on granite; 21, 30 [R]. M3: on granite, 29 VII 1897, Lang, H 8003611; on rocks and boulders (Wei, 1962a, b).

U. polyphylla (L.) Baumg. — on granite; 7, 21, 30 [R].

U. torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrad. — on granite; 21 [R1]. M3: on stone in pine forest near Ladoga shore, 12 IX 1960, Wei, LE L-6106 (Wei, 1962a,b).

Usnea dasopoga (Ach.) Nyl. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Betula sp., Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris; 2, 9, 18-20, 22, 24, 25, 29, 34, 37, 40-43 [O].

U. diplotypus Vain. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Betula sp., Larix sp., Picea abies, and Sorbus aucuparia; 1, 2, 20, 40, 42, 43, a5 [R].

U. hirta (L.) F. H. Wigg. — on bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Juniperus communis, Larix sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Sorbus aucuparia, on wood of conifers; 2-6, 8, 9, 11, 15, 18-22, 24, 25, 28-30, 32-35, 38-42, a5 [F]. M3: on bark of Pinus sylvestris, 23 VIII 1939, Ahlner, H 8004182, S F195282 (both sub Bryoria furcellata).

U. subfloridana Stirt. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Larix sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Populus tremula, on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 1, 4, 8, 9, 12, 15, 20-22, 26, 29, 33, 34, 40-43, 47, a5 [O].

Verrucaria muralis Ach. — on concrete; 27 [R1].

V. xyloxena Norman — on primary and sandy soil; 27 [R1].

Vezdaea acicularis Coppins — on sandy soil; 27, a8 [R]. New to WLR, known from ELR and SPb (Stepanchikova et al., 2011a).

Violella fucata (Stirt.) T. Sprib. — on bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Prunus padus, and Sorbus aucuparia, on wood; 1-10, 13-15, 17-19, 21-26, 28-31, 34, 36-42, 44, 46, 47, a3 [C]. Thalli contain atranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid.

Vulpicida pinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson et M. J. Lai — on bark and wood (mostly of conifers), also on granite boulders; 1, 3-9, 11-15, 17-26, 28-42, 44-47 [VC].

Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale — on granite; 21, 32 [R].

X. stenophylla (Ach.) Ahti et D. Hawksw. — on granite; 21, 32 [R].

Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. — on bark of Acerplatanoides, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Populus tremula, and Salix spp., on concrete; 5, 33, 36, 42, 43, 45, a5 [R].

Xylographa parallela (Ach.) Fr. — on wood of Pinus sylvestris; 19, 21 [R].

X. trunciseda (Th. Fr.) Minks ex Redinger — on wood of conifers; 7, 41 [R].

X. vitiligo (Ach.) J. R. Laundon — on wood of Picea abies; 41 [R1].

Xylopsora caradocensis (Nyl.) Bendiksby et Timdal — on bark of Picea abies and wood of Pinus sylvestris; 8, 10, 12, 18, 24 [R].

X. friesii (Ach.) Bendiksby et Timdal — on bark and wood of conifers; 3, 5, 6, 8-10, 12, 14, 15, 18-21, 24-26, 30, 35, 38, 40-42, 47, a3, a5 [F].

Excluded and dubious taxa

Brodoa atrofusca (Schaer.) Goward — reported by Wei (1962a) from vicinities of Zaostrovje, on rocks and boulders. Specimens not found. Arctic-alpine species known in Fennoscandia only from high mountain habitats, with no reliable records from the Leningrad Region, Estonia, and Finland (Randlane et al., 2021; Westberg et al, 2021).

sRamalina obtusata (Arnold) Bitter — reported by Rasanen (1921) from Sortanlahti. Habitat specialist of old-growth forests (Andersson et al, 2009), extremely rare in North-Western Russia. Specimens not found; all the existing specimens (H) from the mainland part of the Leningrad Region were re-identified as R. baltica Lettau and R. pollinaria.

Discussion

The revealed lichen biota of the proposed protected area Motornoe-Zaostrovje counts 452 species, including 400 lichens, 34 lichenicolous fungi, four facultatively lichenicolous fungi, and 14 non-lichenized saprobic fungi. Micarea synotheoides and Tremella hypocenomycis are new to Russia, Rhizocarpon sublavatum is new to European Russia. Other nine species are new to North-Western European Russia: Absconditella celata, Biatora albidula, Cyphobasidium hypogymniicola, Karschia talcophila, Micarea melanobola, Pyrenula laevigata, Sclerococcum microsporum, Sphinctrina anglica, and Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea. Moreover, Arthrorhaphis alpina, Lecaimmeria cupreoatra, Micarea nowakii, Protothelenella petri, Pycnora xanthococca, and Sagedia simoensis are new to the Leningrad Region, and Epicladonia simplex and Vezdaea acicularis are new to the western part of the Leningrad Region.

Historical collections from Motornoe, Zaostrovje, and Vladimirovka are fragmentary. Although most of the specimens are represented by common widespread lichens, several records are noteworthy. In lichen collection made by Lang near Zaostrovje in 1897-1898 (H, TUR) we identified 26 species in course of critical revision, of them some are red-listed in the Leningrad Region nowadays: Cetrariella commixta, Lasal-lia pustulata, Nephroma resupinatum, Umbilicaria hyperborea (Krasnaya..., 2018), and one, Lobaria pulmonaria, is protected in Russia (Krasnaya., 2008). Specimens collected by Rasanen near Vladimirovka in 1917 (H) included 10 widespread species. Materials from Vladimirovka and Zaostrovje by Ahlner, 1939 (H, S, UPS) included 11 species, of which Evernia divaricata and Ramalina thrausta are habitat specialists (Andersson et al., 2009), protected in the Leningrad Region (Krasnaya., 2008). One

of them, R. thrausta, has probably disappeared from the Karelian Isthmus: there are no records of this species since the middle of 20th century (see also Himelbrant et al., 2018). In collection and publications by Wei (1962a, b) from Zaostrovje eight species were represented, of them three are now red-listed in the region: Arctoparmelia incurva, Parmelia fraudans, and Umbilicaria hyperborea (Krasnaya..., 2018). Altogether 51 lichen species, excluding erroneous records, can be listed for the study area based on herbaria (H, LE, S, TUR, UPS) and literature (Ahlner, 1941, 1948; Hakulinen, 1964; Wei, 1961, 1962a, b). Of them, seven species were not recorded in 2020-2021: Alyxoria culmigena, Lecanora varia, Lasallia pustulata, Nephroma resupinatum, Ra-malina dilacerata, R. pollinaria, and R. thrausta. While Alyxoria culmigena, Lecanora varia, as well as Ramalina pollinaria are likely to be present in Motornoe-Zaostrovje nowadays due to the availability of suitable habitats and have probably been overlooked, four other species appear to have become extinct here because of clearcuts, fires, and recreation pressure.

The list of lichens and allied fungi based on our recent (2020-2021) field collections counts 445 species, most of them occurred rarely, [R] and [R1] (altogether 358 species, or 80.4% of the total amount), including 142 species (31.9%) recorded only once [R1]. Occasionally [O] occurred 40 species (9.0%), frequently [F] — 30 species (6.7%), 13 species (2.9%) were common [C], and only four (0.9%) were very common [VC], namely Hypogymniaphysodes, H. tubulosa, Parmeliopsis ambigua, and Vul-picida pinastri.

An average amount of species per standard SA was 58.6+3.1, with minimum 29 (peatbog with stunted pines and old standing deadwood, SA 8), and maximum 122 species (valley of Rytovka, old-growth spruce forest, SA 40). Compared to the territories in the southern part of Karelian Isthmus, an average amount of species per standard SA in the study area appeared to be much higher: e. g., in the protected areas on the northern shore of Gulf of Finland in limits of SPb this character was 33.3+1.3 (Stepanchikova et al., 2020). The same character in Motornoe-Zaostrovje exceeds that of other lichen biotas of Karelian Isthmus, even the richest ones: including Konevets Island (Himelbrant et al., 2018) where an average amount of species per standard SA is only 47.7+2.6, the recently studied Pukhtolova Gora where this character is 49.7+5.5 (Stepanchikova et al., 2021), and the valley of the Smorodinka River where the same trait is 42.9+4.0 (Stepanchikova et al., 2013).

Most attractive substrate for lichens in Motornoe-Zaostrovje was tree bark (246 species, or 55.5% of the modern lichen biota, are epiphytic), and preferred pho-rophytes were Picea abies (110 species, 24.7% of the modern lichen biota), Alnusglutinosa (90 species, 20.2%), Pinus sylvestris (84 species, 18.9%), Populus tremula (81 species, 18.2%), and Betula sp. (78 species, 17.5%). Other phorophytes were not so rich, however, they were inhabited by significant part of lichen biota; they are listed below in descending order of the number of epiphytic species: Sorbus aucuparia (67 species, 15.1%), Alnus incana (65 species, 14.6%), Salix spp. (49 species, 11.0%), Acer platanoi-des (47 species, 10.6%), Padus avium (25 species, 5.6%), Larix sp. (24 species, 5.4%),

Juniperus communis and Vaccinium myrtillus (19 species, 4.3% each). Wood as a substrate was also species-rich in the study area (135 species, 30.3%), especially wood of Pinus sylvestris (95 species, 21.3%), and Picea abies (81 species, 16.0%). Saxicolous lichens were represented by 100 species (22.5%), most of them inhabited granite boulders (87 species, 19.6%), a few species were found on concrete (12 species, 2.7%) and slate (7 species, 1.6%). The diversity of species inhabiting soil and plant debris was smaller (86 species, 19.3%), including those which inhabited upturned roots (26 species, 5.8%). Lichenicolous fungi and lichens were represented by 38 species (8.5%). In addition to the listed substrates, some species were also recorded on mosses (11 species), leather (4 species), fruit bodies of polypores (4 species), resin (2 species), and colonies of epiphytic algae (2 species).

The prevalence of pine forests in Motornoe-Zaostrovje is reflected in the largest amount of lichen species recorded in such communities (260 species, 58.4% of the modern lichen biota). Pine itself (bark and wood) was among the richest substrates in the study area, also pine forests were suitable habitats for terricolous lichen communities. Moreover, most stone substrates, primarily granite boulders, were recorded in pine forests and enriched the lichen biota of these communities with saxicolous species. Some pine forests in the study area were relatively old, especially those which were situated under sharp slopes and therefore were protected by relief from logging. In such forests several indicator species and habitat specialists of biologically valuable forests (Vyyavlenie..., 2009) were found, namely Carbonicola anthracophila, C. myr-mecina, Chaenotheca brachypoda, Chaenothecopsis consociata, C. pusiola, Cliostomum leprosum, Hertelidea botryosa, Microcalicium disseminatum.

Spruce forests were the second in terms of species richness (237 species, 53.3%). Especially rich were old-growth floodplain spruce forests along the Rytovka stream and its inflow. This deep valley is probably unique in Karelian Isthmus nowadays. All the forests around were logged and burnt from time to time, but this narrow valley had only minor traces of human activity. So far, Rytovka valley appeared to be area of low disturbance where populations of many rare species had been preserved, for example, Acolium inquinans, Alectoria sarmentosa, Evernia divaricata, Lobaria pulmonaria, and other lichens, which were extinct in most formerly known localities in the western part of the Leningrad Region. Altogether in the Rytovka stream valley we recorded 30 indicator species and habitat specialists of biologically valuable forests (Vyyavle-me..., 2009). Noteworthy that most species associated with spruce forests in the study area were found in the valley of Rytovka stream and its inflow (198 species, or 44.5% of the modern lichen biota). In other spruce forests in the proposed protected area only 171 species were recorded. Moreover, the modern lichen list of the study area counts only 410 species if Rytovka valley is excluded from calculations.

Comparatively rich (112 species, 25.2% of the modern lichen biota) were also anthropogenic habitats, which were represented in the study area by sand roads, few remnants of alleys and buildings, and old dumps. Black alder forests were not very widespread in Motornoe-Zaostrovje, however, they comprised 109 lichen species (24.5%),

including eight indicator species and habitat specialists of biologically valuable forests: Arthonia helvola, A. vinosa, Buellia arnoldii, Chaenotheca brachypoda, C. hispi-dula, Chaenothecopsis pusiola, Cheiromycina flabelliformis, Cliostomum leprosum, and Pertusaria coccodes (Vyyavlenie..., 2009). Quite a lot of species were recorded in bogs (94 species, 21.1%), including some very rare taxa such as Protoparmelia oleagina and associated calicioid fungus Sphinctrina anglica. This and other interesting finds, including red-listed species Carbonicola myrmecina, Calicium denigratum, and Micro-calicium ahlneri, were made mostly in an undisturbed bog Bol'shoe Kustarnikovoe which has a developed ridge-hollow complex with almost no traces of melioration. In secondary gray alder and birch forests 93 species (20.9%) and 82 species (18.4%) were found, respectively. Moreover, 47 species were recorded on shoreline bushes and boulders along Ladoga Lake shore.

A total amount of species revealed in Motornoe-Zaostrovje, 452, exceeded all known numbers for local lichen biotas of Karelian Isthmus and nearby islands (see Stepanchikova et al, 2011, 2013, 2017; Himelbrant et al, 2018). However, despite the fact that the area of Motornoe-Zaostrovje is much larger than the area of the nearby Konevets Island, the lichen lists of two territories are very similar in number of species: the revealed lichen biota of Konevets now counts 445 species (Himelbrant et al., 2018, 2021b), so the difference is insignificant. Similarity of the lists of lichens and allied fungi for Motornoe-Zaostrovje and Konevets is moderately high, with Sorensen-Dice coefficient being 0.73. In addition to the families Parmeliaceae Zenker, Cladoniaceae Zenker, Lecanoraceae Korb., and Ramalinaceae C. Agardh, which dominate traditionally in taiga lichen biotas, in both Motornoe-Zaostrovje and Konevets relatively well-represented are families Pilocarpaceae Zahlbr. (24 species in Motornoe-Zaostro-vje, 15 species in Konevets), Lecideaceae Chevall. (17 species in Motornoe-Zaostro-vje, 13 species in Konevets), Physciaceae Zahlbr. (15 species in Motornoe-Zaostrovje, 23 species in Konevets), Stereocaulaceae Chevall. (15 species in each area), and Ar-thoniaceae Rchb. (13 species in each area).

The two compared lichen biotas have much in common: both areas are dominated by species-rich pine and spruce forests, and therefore the majority of lichen species are associated with coniferous woods. However, in Motornoe-Zaostrovje pine forests cover much wider areas and play more important role in lichen biota formation. Both areas have comparatively well-preserved spruce forests which are inhabited by many red-listed and indicator species, and in both cases such forests are not very large, though in Konevets their square is apparently larger. In Motornoe-Zaostrovje, peatbogs are bigger and more rich in terms of lichen biota. Stony substrates significantly enrich both lichen biotas, though in Konevets they are rarer. The major difference between the two areas appears to be in deciduous component. Konevets has old historical park with alleys of old broadleaved trees, and Motornoe-Zaostrovje has black alder forests, which are not so species-rich, and a few remnants of almost totally destroyed forests with broadleaved trees in their composition. In general, the level of disturbance

is higher in Motornoe-Zaostrovje, but within this area some natural forest communities and bogs are still well-preserved.

The lichen biota of Motornoe-Zaostrovje is one of the richest and most valuable lichen biotas known in the Leningrad Region. It comprises nowadays 29 red-listed species, and three more are known from historical collections (Krasnaya..., 2008, 2018), also 18 habitat specialists (20, including historical records), and 24 indicator species (Vyyav-lenie..., 2009). Noteworthy that the amount of red-listed lichen species is lower even in Kurgalsky protected area, situated in the Kingisepp District (27 species), though Kur-galsky has the highest total number of protected species of flora and fauna in the Leningrad Region (Glazkova et al, 2020). Konevets lichen biota comprises 23 red-listed species (with three more known from historical records), also 18 habitat specialists (20, including historical records), and 19 indicator species (Himelbrant et al, 2018, 2021b).

Motornoe-Zaostrovje certainly deserves protection on regional level. Especially valuable objects for regional lichen diversity are the Rytovka stream valley in its middle course, old-growth pine forests between lakes Stochnoe and Bolshoe Berezhnoe, as well as pine forests with boulders close to Zaostrovje and bog Bolshoe Kosinovskoe. Particularly interesting is also well-preserved unreclaimed peatbog Bol'shoe Kus-tarnikovoe.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to A. V. Filippova and I. A. Sorokina (Komarov Botanical Institute of RAS, St. Petersburg) who organized the field studies. We thank all the colleagues who participated in the field investigations. Sincere thanks to T. Ahti, P. Uotila, L. Myllys, and S. Velmala (University of Helsinki) for their kind assistance in our work in H in 2007-2018. We also appreciate the help of colleagues in BILAS, S, TUR, and UPS. We thank E. S. Kuznetsova and N. M. Alekseeva (St. Petersburg, Russia) who revised the specimens in H together with us. The study was supported by the Russian-Finnish Cross-Border Cooperation Program "South-Eastern Finland-Russia 2014-2020" and was carried out within the framework of the institutional research project "Flora and systematics of algae, lichens, and bryophytes of Russia and phyto-geographically important regions of the world" (no. 121021600184-6) of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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