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12The lichens and allied fungi of the Oranienbaumsky Prospective Protected Area (St. Petersburg)
D. E. Himelbrant12, I. S. Stepanchikova1,2, G. M. Tagirdzhanova1
1 St. Petersburg State University (SPbSU), Universitetskaya Emb., 7-9, St. Petersburg,
199034, Russia; d_brant@mail.ru, stepa_ir@mail.ru, gultagr@gmail.com
2 Komarov Botanical Institute, Professor Popov Str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
Abstract. The diversity of lichens and allied fungi of the Oranienbaumsky (Ram-bovsky) Prospective Protected Area (St. Petersburg, Russia) has been studied for the first time. Among 214 discovered species 199 are lichens, 11 are lichenicolous fungi and 4 are saprobic fungi traditionally reported in lichenological lists. The lichen diversity of the territory is estimated as one of the richest within the limits of St. Petersburg. The lichen Protothelenella petri is recorded for the first time for Russia, the lichens Biatora cuprea, Brianaria bauschiana, Micarea leprosula and Thelocarpon lichenicola are new for the North-Western European Russia, lichens Aspicilia lae-vata and Trapelia glebulosa, as well as the lichenicolous fungi Stigmidium fuscatae and Syzygospora physciacearum are new for St. Petersburg, the lichenicolous fungus Sphaerellothecium coniodes was not earlier known either from St. Petersburg or Leningrad Region. Nine species included in the Red Data Book of St. Petersburg are known from the Oranienbaumsky Prospective Protected Area. Of these, Ramali-na sinensis has not been reported from the administrative territory since 1938 and is probably extinct from the historical localities. Parmelia fraudans was found in St. Petersburg for the first time in 80 years and we propose to include this species into the Red Data Book. The lichen flora of the Oranienbaumsky Prospective Protected Area comprises regionally rare and vulnerable species and deserves protection as one of the richest in St. Petersburg.
Keywords: lichens, new records, red-listed species, Biatora cuprea, Briana-ria bauschiana, Micarea leprosula, Thelocarpon lichenicola, Protothelenella petri, St. Petersburg, Oranienbaumsky Prospective Protected Area.
Лихенофлора перспективного заказника «Ораниенбаумский» (Санкт-Петербург)
Д. Е. Гимельбрант1,2, И. С. Степанчикова1,2, Г. М. Тагирджанова1
1 Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Университетская наб., д. 7-9, Санкт-Петербург, 199034, Россия; d_brant@mail.ru, stepa_ir@mail.ru,
gultagr@gmail.com
2 Ботанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова РАН, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 2, Санкт-Петербург, 197376, Россия
Резюме. Впервые изучено разнообразие лишайников и близких к ним грибов перспективного заказника «Ораниенбаумский» (Санкт-Петербург, Россия). Из 214 выявленных видов 199 относятся к числу лишайников, 11 являются ли-хенофильными, а 4 — сапротрофными грибами, традиционно включаемыми
в лихенологические списки. Согласно результатам выполненного исследования, лихенофлора территории является одной из наиболее богатых в пределах Санкт-Петербурга. Лишайник Protothelenella petri — новый для России, лишайники Biatora cuprea, Brianaria bauschiana, Micarea leprosula и Thelocarpon li-chenicola — новые для Северо-Запада Европейской России, лишайники Aspicilia laevata и Trapelia glebulosa, а также лихенофильные грибы Stigmidium fuscatae и Syzygospora physciacearum являются новыми для Санкт-Петербурга. Лихено-фильный гриб Sphaerellothecium coniodes ранее не был известен как с территории Санкт-Петербурга, так и из Ленинградской области. На территории перспективного памятника природы обнаружено девять видов, занесенных в Красную книгу города, из них Ramalina sinensis не была обнаружена в Санкт-Петербурге с 1938 г. и, вероятно, исчезла в известных исторических местонахождениях. Обнаруженный в ходе исследований вид Parmelia fraudans не находили в черте города в течение последних 80 лет; авторы предлагают занести этот вид в список охраняемых. Лихенофлора перспективного заказника «Ораниенбаумский» достойна сохранения как одна из наиболее богатых в черте города, а территория заказника является резерватом редких в регионе и нуждающихся в охране видов.
Ключевые слова: лишайники, новые находки, охраняемые виды, Biatora cu-prea, Brianaria bauschiana, Micarea leprosula, Thelocarpon lichenicola, Protothele-nellapetri, Санкт-Петербург, перспективный заказник «Ораниенбаумский».
Introduction
The Oranienbaumsky Prospective Natural Protected Area (zakaznik in Russian) (OPA) is situated in the westernmost part of St. Petersburg, west and south of Lomonosov (formerly Oranienbaum; Rampova in Finnish). Another proposed name for this area is «Rambovsky Les». The whole territory is situated in Petrodvorets District of St. Petersburg and occupies ca. 14.7 km2. It is fragmented into several parts and sandwiched between settlements (Fig.). Most common types of vegetation are secondary middle-aged or young pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] or birch (Betula spp.) forests and mixed forests with pine, spruce, common aspen (Populus tremula L.) and birch. Black alder [Al-nus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.], grey alder [Alnus incana (L.) Moench] and willow (Salix spp.) stands prevail along the rivers and brooks as well as in wet places (mainly former agricultural territories). A significant part of these forests is moderately disturbed. Sphagnum pine forests are rare and have been found only twice. Anthropogenic wasteland corridors — along power lines, roadsides, gas pipelines — are very common and dissect the territory in different directions. Separate trees or groups of Acer platanoi-des L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L. and Salix x fragilis L. occur rarely, mainly as admixtures in pine and spruce stands. Rocky outcrops are totally absent, but separate erratic granitic boulders, sometimes rather large, are spread throughout the territory.
Fig. Location of sample plots within the Oranienbaumsky Prospective
Protected Area.
The Oranienbaumsky Prospective Protected Area is essential for the investigation of St. Petersburg lichen diversity because it represents the largest forest massive in the southern part of the city and is situated close to the old Oranienbaumsky Park and the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). Our investigation is the first lichenological inventory of this territory.
Materials and Methods
Our field investigations were conducted in May — September 2015. Lichens were collected on 21 sample plots (size mainly 20 x 20 m or
within natural limits of plant community) in typical habitats. Moreover, 19 additional samples were taken in different biotopes (additional collecting points). Representative specimens are deposited in the lichen herbaria of the Department of Botany of the St. Petersburg State University (LECB) and Komarov Botanical Institute (LE). WGS 84 system was used for geographical (GPS) coordinates. The lichen nomenclature follows Nordin et al. (2011). In the list of species special comments are made for the taxa new for Russia, North-Western European Russia and for the selected taxa new for St. Petersburg. By North-Western European Russia we mean four administrative divisions: Leningrad (including St. Petersburg), Pskov and Novgorod Regions and Republic of Karelia (see Vyyav-lenie... , 2009).
Abbreviations and symbols: DH — Dmitry E. Himelbrant, IS — Irina S. Stepanchikova, GT — Gulnara M. Tagirdzhanova, fn — field number(s), * — new for St. Petersburg, # — lichenicolous fungus, + — non-lichenized saprobic fungus, s — habitat specialist and i — indicator species (Vyyavlenie... , 2009).
Localities. Sample plots: 1 — pine forest with Vaccinium myrtillus L., Cala-magrostis sp. and Oxalis acetosella L., ca. 100 m SE of the S end of Zavarina Str., 59°54'58.2" N, 29°42'11.6" E, 20.05.2015, DH, IS and GT; 2 — pine-spruce forest with Oxalis acetosella, Vaccinium myrtillus, green mosses and Sphagnum sp., ca. 400 m SE of the S end of Zavarina Str., 59°54'51.2" N, 29°42'31.7" E, 20.05.2015, DH, IS and GT; 3 — deciduous trees with herbs along the alley, ca. 200 m W of the N part of Krasny Pond, 59°54'19.6" N, 29°45'16.2" E, 20.05.2015, DH, IS and GT; 4 — birch forest with spruce undergrowth, rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.), Oxalis acetosella and Vaccinium myrtillus, Krasnaya alley, ca. 250 m of the S entrance to the Oranienbaumsky Park, W of the alley, 59°54'24.5" N, 29°44'23.9" E, 20.05.2015, DH, IS and GT; 5 — large mossy granitic boulder «Cherepakha» near SW corner of the Oranienbaumsky Park, ca. 860 m SWW of the S entrance to the Park, 59°54'36.1" N, 29°43'48.8" E, 20.05.2015, DH, IS and GT; 6 — birch forest with willow, single spruce undergrowth, Vaccinium myrtillus and Sphagnum spp., between Astronomi-cheskaya and Botanicheskaya Streets, 59°52'59.3" N, 29°48'28.9" E, 09.06.2015, IS; 7 — pine forest with abundant spruce undergrowth, single birches, Vaccinium myrtillus and Sphagnum spp., between Astronomicheskaya and Botanicheskaya Streets, 59°52'53.4" N, 29°48'13.9" E, 09.06.2015, IS; 8 — grey alder forest with willow and graminoids, ca. 140 m W of Ulianovskaya Str., near gas pipeline, 59°53'09.1" N, 29°48'57.9" E, 09.06.2015, DH and IS; 9 — pine forest with Eriophorum vaginatum L., Ledum palustre L. and Sphagnum spp., SW of Astronomicheskaya Str. and SE of the power line, 59°52'38.7" N, 29°47'29.3" E, 09.06.2015, DH and IS; 10 — sparse black alder stand with birch, aspen, Rubus idaeus L., fern and herbs, N of the beltway and SW of the power line, 59°52 '26.7" N, 29°47 '03.1" E, 09.06.2015, DH and IS; 11 — spruce forest with aspen and Oxalis acetosella, S of Yuzhny Passage and W of Oranienbaumsky Avenue, 59°53 ' 32.1" N, 29°46 '02.5" E, 27.07.2015, DH and
IS; 12 — young pine forest with birch, Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drej. and herbs, between Feduninskogo Str. and Oranienbaumsky Avenue, 59°53'10.6" N, 29°46'52.4" E, 27.07.2015, DH and IS; 13 — young birch forest with Vaccinium myrtillus, Polyt-richum sp. and Sphagnum spp., ca. 450 m N of the beltway and 450 m E of Oranienbaumsky Avenue, 59°52'16.8" N, 29°46'38.3" E, 27.07.2015, DH and IS; 14 — open lichen-moss community on the roadside (former power line) near the edge of the wood, ca. 1 km N of the beltway and 170 m E of Oranienbaumsky Avenue, 59°52 ' 37.8" N, 29°46'06.1" E, 27.07.2015, DH and IS; 15 — black alder stand with separate birches, spruces, bird-cherry (Padus avium Mill.), Filipéndula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. and Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro, left bank of the Karasta River valley, ca. 370 m upstream of Krasny Pond, 59°53 '47.9" N, 29°45 '28.5" E, 28.07.2015, DH and IS; 16 — grassy meadow with separate deciduous trees, ca. 130 m W of the S part of Krasny Pond, 59°54 '04.5" N, 29°45 ' 33.9" E, 28.07.2015, DH and IS; 17 — spruce forest with aspen, Vaccinium myrtillus L., Calamagrostis sp., Oxalis acetosella, Rubus saxatilis L., ferns and mosses, NW of Soykino, 59°54 '33.9" N, 29°42 ' 58.1" E, 25.09.2015, DH and IS; 18 — pine forest with birch, rowan, sparse oak undergrowth, Vaccinium myrtillus, Avenella flexuosa and mosses, S of Soykins-kaya road and E of Soykino, 59°53 '53.6" N, 29°44 '03.1" E, 25.09.2015, DH and IS; 19 — power line in pine forest with birch, W of Ilikovskaya road, 59°53 '41.6" N, 29°44 ' 34.4" E, 25.09.2015, DH and IS; 20 — pine forest with Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull, Eriophorum vaginatum, Ledum palustre, Vaccinium uliginosum L. and Sphagnum spp., between the beltway and Soykino, 59°53 '11.2" N, 29°43 '18.5" E, 26.09.2015, DH and IS; 21 — aspens along the W side of Ilikovskaya road, ca. 330 m N of the Lomonosov town cemetery, 59°53 '00.5" N, 29°44 '25" E, 26.09.2015, DH and IS. Additional collection points: a1 — separate granitic boulder near the path in pine forest with Vaccinium myrtillus and Oxalis acetosella, ca. 200 m SE of the S end of Zavarina Str., 59°54 '52.7" N, 29°42 '09.7" E, 20.05.2015, DH, IS and GT; a2 — pine forest with birch and aspen, ca. 300 m SE of the S end of Zavarina Str., 59°54 '49.3" N, 29°42 '10.4" E, 20.05.2015, DH, IS and GT; a3 — spruce forest with birch, Vaccinium myrtillus and Oxalis acetosella, ca. 550 m SE of the S end of Zavarina Str., 59°54 '50.3" N, 29°42 '45.8" E, 20.05.2015, DH, IS and GT; a4 — pine forest with spruce, birch, Vaccinium myrtillus and mosses, ca. 600 m SEE of the S end of Zavarina Str., 59°54 '50.9" N, 29°43 '02.2" E, 20.05.2015, DH, IS and GT; a5 — granitic boulder in ditch along Krasnaya alley in spruce forest, ca. 250 m of the S entrance to the Oranienbaumsky Park, 59°54 '24.5" N, 29°44 '27.1" E, 20.05.2015, DH, IS and GT; a6 — old oak in the birch forest with spruce undergrowth and Oxalis ace-tosella, ca. 450 m SW of the S entrance to the Oranienbaumsky Park, 59°54 '28.6" N, 29°44 '15.0" E, 20.05.2015, DH, IS and GT; a7 — granitic boulder near the path in spruce forest, ca. 300 m E of the S end of Zavarina Str., 59°54 '59.6" N, 29°42 '26.5" E, 20.05.2015, DH, IS and GT; a8 — the path along ditch in birch forest with Vaccinium myrtillus and mosses, between Astronomicheskaya and Botanicheskaya Streets, 59°52 ' 59.3" N, 29°48 '28.9" E, 09.06.2015, IS; a9 — two granitic boulders near the power line and pine forest with Eriophorum vaginatum and Sphagnum spp., SW of Astronomicheskaya Str., 59°52 ' 37.8" N, 29°47 '24.9" E, 09.06.2015, DH and IS; a10 — old log along quarterly glade in forest, W of the corner of Feduninskogo and Astronomicheskaya Streets, 59°53 '04.1" N, 29°47 '17.2" E, 09.06.2015, DH and IS;
a11 — open place with shrubs and grasses (power line), S of Yuzhny Passage and W of Oranienbaumsky Avenue, 59°53 '29.2" N, 29°45 '52.8" E, 27.07.2015, DH and IS; a12 — granitic boulder on the marge of spruce and birch forest with ferns and Calamagrostis sp., the Karasta River Valley S of Krasny Pond, 59°53 ' 50.1" N, 29°45'24.2" E, 28.07.2015, DH and IS; a13 — spruce forest with Vaccinium myrtillus and mosses, between the beltway and Soykino, 59°53 '00.3" N, 29°43 '22.3" E, 26.09.2015, DH and IS; a14 — willow and birch stand E of the Lomonosov town cemetery, 59°52 '40.3" N, 29°44 '27.4" E, 27.09.2015, DH and IS; a15 — uprooted pine in pine forest with Vaccinium myrtillus, E of the Lomonosov town cemetery, 59°52 '41.9" N, 29°44 '29.6" E, 27.09.2015, DH and IS; a16 — old road in pine forest, ca. 1.1 km N of the beltway, between Ilikovskaya road and Oranienbaumsky Avenue, 59°52 '42.4" N, 29°45 '28.0" E, 27.09.2015, DH and IS; a17 — pine forest with spruce, Vaccinium myrtillus and Sphagnum spp., ca. 530 m N of the beltway, between Ilikovskaya road and Oranienbaumsky Avenue, 59°52 '27.6" N, 29°45 '17.2" E, 27.09.2015, DH and IS; a18 — gas pipeline, ca. 1.5 km N of the beltway, between Ilikovskaya road and Oranienbaumsky Avenue, 59°53 '03.3" N, 29°45 '02.5" E, 27.09.2015, DH and IS; a19 — steep brook valley in birch and pine forest near the power line, between Ilikovskaya road and Oranienbaumsky Avenue, ca. 1.8 km N of the beltway, 59°53 ' 09.3" N, 29°45 '02.6" E, 27.09.2015, DH and IS.
The list of species
Absconditella lignicola Vezda et Pisut — 2, 12, a17: lignum of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris (LECB; fn Ramb-ad17).
Acarospora fuscata (Schrad.) Th. Fr. — a9: granitic stone.
A. moenium (Vain.) Räsänen — 14, a18: concrete.
sAcrocordia cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris — 10, 17: bark of Populus tremula.
Alyxoria varia (Pers.) Ertz et Tehler — 11: bark of Populus tremula.
Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins et Scheid. — 1, 4, 16: bark of Betula sp., Populus tremula, Salix sp. and Sorbus aucuparia.
Anisomeridium polypori (Ellis et Everh.) M. E. Barr — 3, 16, a4: bark of Quer-cus robur and Salix spp. (including S. * fragilis).
Arthonia apatetica (A. Massal.) Th. Fr. — 3: bark of Salix sp.
A. didyma Körb. — 17: bark of Fraxinus excelsior.
A. dispuncta Nyl. — 3: bark of Acer platanoides (LECB; fn Ramb-3).
iA. helvola (Nyl.) Nyl. — 10: bark of Alnus glutinosa (LECB; fn Ramb-10). Protected in St. Petersburg (Prilozhenie..., 2014).
A. mediella Nyl. — 16: bark of Salix sp.
A. punctiformis Ach. — 1, 17: bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp. and Populus tremula.
A. radiata (Pers.) Ach. — 3, 8, 13, 16, 17: bark of Alnus incana, Fraxinus excelsior, Populus tremula, Salix sp. and Sorbus aucuparia.
A. ruana A. Massal. — 3, 4, 8, 13, 15-18: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Padus avium, Populus tremula, Quercus robur, Salix spp. (including S. * fragilis) and Sorbus aucuparia.
*Aspicilia laevata (Ach.) Arnold — a1: granitic stone (LECB; fn Ramb-ad01).
Athallia holocarpa (Hoffm.) Arup, Fröden et Sechting — 14: concrete.
Athallia pyracea (Ach.) Arup, Frodén et Sechting — 8, 11, 16, 17, 21: bark of Salix sp. and Populus trémula.
#Athelia arachnoidea (Berk.) Jülich — 1, 2, 4: colonies of algae on bark of different trees.
Bacidia arceutina (Ach.) Arnold — 3, 11, 15-17: bark of Fraxinus excelsior, Populus trémula, Salix x fragilis and Sorbus aucuparia.
B. subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold — 3, 11, 13, 15, 17, 21: bark of Fraxinus excelsior, Populus tremula, Salix x fragilis and Sorbus aucuparia.
Baeomyces carneus Flörke — a5, a9: granitic boulders.
*Biatora cuprea (Sommerf.) Fr. — a9: primary soil on granitic boulder, together with Micarea leprosula and Parmelia fraudans (LECB; fn Ramb-ad09). New for North-Western European Russia; known from Murmansk Region (Urbanavichus et al., 2008). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland (Nordin et al., 2011). The species is characterized by well-developed whitish thallus (Pd+) and reddish brown to dark brown convex apothecia (Printzen, Cop-pins, 2009). Subarctic species, more common in northern regions; its presence within St. Petersburg is rather extraordinary.
B. efflorescens (Hedl.) Räsänen — 3, 4, 7, 10, 11, 15-17, a6: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Populus tremula, Quercus robur and Sorbus aucuparia.
B. helvola Körb. ex Hellb. — 1, 3, 15-17: bark of Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior, Populus tremula, Salix sp. and Sorbus aucuparia.
B. ocelliformis (Nyl.) Arnold — 1, 3, 4, 11, 15-17: bark of Acer platanoides, Salix sp., Padus avium, Populus tremula and Sorbus aucuparia.
B. sphaeroidiza (Vain.) Printzen et Holien — 18: bark of Quercus robur.
*Brianaria bauschiana (Körb.) S. Ekman et M. Svensson [= Micarea bauschiana (Körb.) V. Wirth et Vézda] — 19: small granitic pebbles on path (LE L12948). New for North-Western European Russia; known from Komi Republic (Pystina, 2001). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland (Nordin et al., 2011). The species has saxicolous continuous ferruginous-grey thallus, bluish-grey or black, convex to globose apothecia and simple ascospores (Coppins, 2009).
Bryoria fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo et D. Hawksw. [including B. subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Brodo et D. Hawksw.] — 8, 15, a14: bark of Alnus incana, Betula sp. and Salix sp.
Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd — 3, 4, 17: bark of Alnus incana and Sorbus au-cuparia.
B. griseovirens (Turner et Borrer ex Sm.) Almb. — 1, 3, 4, 7-12, 15, 16, 18: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Sorbus aucuparia and dwarf shrubs.
Calicium glaucellum Ach. — 9, 20: lignum of decorticated standing Pinus sylvestris.
C. pinastri Tibell — 9, 18: bark of old Pinus sylvestris.
C. trabinellum (Ach.) Ach. — 9, 20: lignum of decorticated standing Pinus syl-vestris.
Caloplaca cerina (Hedw.) Th. Fr. — 3, 21: bark of Populus tremula and Salix x fragilis.
Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. — 14, a18: concrete.
C. vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. — 8, 16, 21, a4: bark of Alnus incana, Populus tremula, Salix spp. (including S. caprea) and Sorbus aucuparia.
C. xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau — 3: bark of Salix * fragilis.
Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler — 1, 16, a4: bark of Salix spp. (including S. caprea) and Sorbus aucuparia.
Catinaria atropurpurea (Schaer.) Vézda et Poelt — 16: bark of Salix sp.
Cetraria sepincola (Ehrh.) Ach. — 6, 9, 11, 15, 16: bark of Alnus glutinosa and Betula sp.
iChaenotheca brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell — 15: lignum of Alnus glutinosa. Protected in St. Petersburg (Prilozhenie..., 2014).
C. ferruginea (Turner ex Sm.) Mig. — 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17, 18, a3: bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, lignum of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris.
C. furfuracea (L.) Tibell — 2, 11, 15, a15, a19: upturned roots, soil, bark of Picea abies and lignum of Alnus glutinosa in sheltered and humid conditions.
iC. stemonea (Ach.) Müll. Arg. — 1, 4, 11: bark of Betula sp. and Picea abies. Protected in St. Petersburg (Prilozhenie..., 2014).
C. trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr. — 1, 2, 11, a8: lignum of conifers and resin of Picea abies.
Circinaria caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) A. Nordin, S. Savic et Tibell — 5, a9: granitic boulders.
Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.) Flot. subsp. arbuscula — 14, 19, a9: sandy soil.
C. bacilliformis (Nyl.) Glück — 9: bark of Pinus sylvestris.
C. botrytes (K. G. Hagen) Willd. — 19, 20: lignum of Pinus sylvestris and sandy
soil.
C. caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke — 12: lignum of Pinus sylvestris.
C. cenotea (Ach.) Schaer. — 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12-16, 18, 20: bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Salix sp., lignum of Picea abies, sandy soil and upturned roots.
C. chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. s. l. — 1-5, 9-20, a3, a4, a18: bark on trunk bases of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Salix sp., Sorbus aucuparia and lignum, mosses, upturned roots and sandy soil.
C. coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. — 1-13, 15-20, a1, a3, a4, a18: bark on trunk bases of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Quercus robur, Salix sp., Sorbus aucuparia, lignum of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris, mosses, upturned roots and sandy soil.
C. cornuta (L.) Hoffm. subsp. cornuta — 10, 14, 19, 20: bark of Betula sp., sandy soil and upturned roots.
C. crispata (Ach.) Flot. var. crispata — 19, a9: sandy soil.
C. deformis (L.) Hoffm. — 14, 19, a9: sandy soil.
C. digitata (L.) Hoffm. — 1, 2, 9, 12, 17-20, a3: bark of Betula sp., Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris, lignum of P. sylvestris, sandy soil and upturned roots.
C. fimbriata (L.) Fr. — 2, 3, 6, 7, 10-12, 15, 16, 19, a10: bark of Betula sp., Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris, lignum, mosses and sandy soil.
C. furcata (Huds.) Schrad. —19, a5: sandy soil.
C. gracilis (L.) Willd. subsp. turbinata (Ach.) Ahti — 14, 19, a9: sandy soil.
C. macilenta Hoffm. — 1, 4, 9, 14: bark of Betula sp., Pinus sylvestris and soil.
C. mitis Sandst. — 19: sandy soil.
C. phyllophora Hoffm. — 19, a9: sandy soil.
C. pleurota (Flörke) Schaer. — a9: soil.
C. pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. — 19: sandy soil.
C. rangiferina (L.) F. H. Wigg. — 14, 19: sandy soil.
C. rei Schaer. — 14, 19, a18: sandy soil.
C. squamosa Hoffm. — 9, a9: bark of Pinus sylvestris and soil on granitic boulder. Protected in St. Petersburg (Prilozhenie..., 2014).
C. sulphurina (Michx.) Fr. — 9, 14, 19: lignum of Pinus sylvestris and sandy soil.
C. verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaer. — 19: sandy soil.
#Clypeococcum hypocenomycis D. Hawksw. — 18, 20: squamules of Hypoce-nomyce scalaris on bark and lignum of Pinus sylvestris.
Coenogonium pineti (Ach.) Lücking et Lumbsch — 2, 3, 6, 11, 15, a4, a6: bark of Alnus glutinosa, Quercus robur, Picea abies, lignum, fruit bodies of polyporoid fungi and plant debris.
Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman — a9: granitic stone.
Evernia mesomorpha Nyl. — 8, 9, 20, a14: bark of Alnus incana, Pinus sylves-tris, Salix sp. and lignum of Pinus sylvestris.
E. prunastri (L.) Ach. — 11, 15, 16, a14: bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Padus avium, Salix sp. and Sorbus aucuparia.
Fuscidea pusilla Tensberg — 1, 2, 4, 6-13, 15-16, 18, 20: bark of Acer platanoi-des, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Sorbus aucuparia and lignum of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris.
Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. — 1-4, 8, 10-12, 15, 17: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Corylus avellana L., Padus avium, Salix sp. and Sorbus aucuparia.
Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) M. Choisy — 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 18, 20, a3: bark of Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, lignum and upturned roots.
Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. — 1-4, 6-13, 15-18, 20, 21, a14: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Salix sp., Sorbus aucuparia and dwarf shrubs, lignum of Juniperus communis L., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and fruit bodies of polyporoid fungi.
H. tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. — 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, a14: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Salix sp. and lignum of Pinus sylvestris.
#Illosporiopsis christiansenii (B. L. Brady et D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw. — 17: thalli of Pkyscia aipolia on bark of Populus tremula (twigs).
Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S. L. F. Meyer — 6, 7, 9, 20: bark of Betula sp. and Pinus sylvestris, lignum of Pinus sylvestris.
Japewia subaurifera Muhr et Tensberg — 1: bark of Pinus sylvestris.
Lecania cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr. — 1, 3, 8, 11, 21: bark of Acer platanoides, Populus tremula, Salix x fragilis and Sorbus aucuparia.
L. cyrtellina (Nyl.) Sandst. — 3, 4, 13: bark of Acer platanoides, Salix sp. and Sorbus aucuparia.
L. naegelii (Hepp) Diederich et van den Boom — 1, 3, 6, 8, 13, 16, 21: bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus incana, Betula sp., Populus tremula, Salix spp. (including S. * fragilis) and Sorbus aucuparia.
L. sylvestris (Arnold) Arnold — 14: concrete constructions in open place.
Lecanora albescens (Hoffm.) Branth et Rostr. — 14: concrete constructions in open place.
L. allophana Nyl. — 4, 8, 10, 11, 15, 21: bark of Populus tremula.
L. carpinea (L.) Vain. — 3, 4, 8, 11-13, 16-18, 21, a4, a14: bark of Alnus incana, Populus tremula, Quercus robur, Salix spp. (including S. caprea) and Sorbus aucupa-
L. chlarotera Nyl. — 3, 4, 6, 8-13, 15-18, a4: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Quercus robur, Salix spp. (including S. caprea), Sorbus aucuparia and fruit bodies of polyporoid fungi.
L. crenulata Hook. — 14: concrete.
L. dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf. — 14, a18: concrete.
L. hagenii (Ach.) Ach. — 3, 21, a4: bark of Populus tremula, Salix caprea and S. * fragilis.
L. hypoptella (Nyl.) Grummann — 1, 11: bark of Betula sp. and Pinus sylvestris (LECB; fn Ramb-11).
L. intricata (Ach.) Ach. — a9: granitic boulder.
L. norvegica Tensberg — 9, 20: bark of old Pinus sylvestris (LECB; fn Ramb-
20).
L. populicola (DC.) Duby — 17: bark of Populus tremula.
L. pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. — 1-4, 6-12, 15, 18, 20, 21: bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Salix sp., Sorbus aucuparia, dwarf shrubs and lignum of Pinus sylvestris.
L. symmicta (Ach.) Ach. — 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15-18, 20, a14: bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Quercus robur, Salix spp. (including S. * fragilis), Sorbus aucuparia, lignum of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris.
L. umbrina (Ach.) A. Massal. — 8, 17, 21, a14: bark of Populus tremula and Salix sp.
Lecidea erythrophaea Flörke ex Sommerf. — 11, 17: bark of Populus tremula.
L. fuscoatra (L.) Ach. — a9: granitic stone (LECB; fn Ramb-ad09).
L. nylanderi (Anzi) Th. Fr. — 1-4, 6-10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, dwarf shrubs and lignum of Pinus sylvestris.
L. turgidula Fr. — 20: lignum of Pinus sylvestris.
Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy — 1, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17, 21: bark of Populus tremula and Sorbus aucuparia.
L. euphorea (Flörke) Hertel — 10, 11, 21: bark of Populus tremula.
L. stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel et Leuckert — a18: concrete.
Lepraria elobata Tensberg — 1-3, 6, 7, 12, 16-18, a1: bark of Alnus incana, Betula sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Padus avium, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Salix sp., Sorbus aucuparia, lignum and granitic stone.
L. incana (L.) Ach. — 1-4, 7, 9-12, 15-18, a6: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Quercus robur, Salix x fragilis and Sorbus aucuparia.
L. jackii Tensberg — 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 16-18: bark of Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Salix sp., Sorbus aucuparia, lignum of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris.
L. lobificans Nyl. — 1, 2, 4, 5, 9-13, 15-18, 20, 21, a4, a6: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Fraxinus excelsior, Padus avium, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Quercus robur, Sorbus aucuparia, lignum of Picea abies and Pinus syl-vestris, mosses and soil.
Leptorhaphis atomaria (Ach.) Szatala — 8, 17, 21: bark of Populus tremula.
#Lichenoconium lecanorae (Jaap) D. Hawksw. — 7: apothecia of Lecanora car-pinea and thallus of Parmelia sulcata on bark of tree, det. J. Motiejunaité (Himelbrant et al., 2016).
Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L. : Fr.) Redhead et al. — 2, 14, a18: lignum of Picea abies and soil; lichenized agaricoid fungus.
Melanelixia glabratula (Lamy) Sandler et Arup — 3, 10, 15, 16: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Salix spp. (including S. x fragilis) and Sorbus aucuparia.
M. subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. — 6, 8, 15, 16: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Populus tremula and Salix sp.
Melanohalea exasperata (De Not.) O. Blanco et al. — 11, 17, 21: bark of Populus tremula.
M. exasperatula (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al. — 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 11, 16, 17, a4, a14: bark of Alnus incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, Populus tremula and Salix spp. (including S. caprea).
M. olivacea (L.) O. Blanco et al. — 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 18, a14: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Populus tremula, Salix sp. and lignum of Pinus sylvestris.
*Micarea leprosula (Th. Fr.) Coppins et A. Fletcher — a9: granitic boulder and primary soil on boulder in open place, together with Biatora cuprea and Parmelia fraudans (LE L12944). New for North-Western European Russia; known from Komi Republic (Hermansson et al., 2006). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway, Sweden (Nordin et al., 2011). The species is characterized by blue-grey to grey-brown thallus of small convex to globose areoles, eroding to form sorediate patches (K-, C+ red, Pd+ red) and flat to convex, greyish to black apothecia, which are rare (Coppins, 2009).
M. melaena (Nyl.) Hedl. — 2, 7, 9, 20, a3: bark of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and lignum (including P. sylvestris).
M. misella (Nyl.) Hedl. — 2: lignum of Picea abies (LECB; fn Ramb-2).
M. prasina Fr. s. l. — 1-4, 7, 9, 11, 12, 17, 18, 20, a4: bark of Betula sp., Alnus glutinosa, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Sorbus aucuparia and lignum of different trees (including Picea abies and Salix caprea) (LE L12945, L12946).
Montanelia sorediata (Ach.) Divakar et al. — 5, a9: granitic boulders. Protected in St. Petersburg (Prilozhenie..., 2014).
Mycobilimbia carneoalbida (Müll. Arg.) Printzen — 17: mosses on bark of Fraxinus excelsior.
M. epixanthoides (Nyl.) Vitik. et al. — 10: mosses on bark of Alnus glutinosa.
+Mycocalicium subtile (Pers.) Szatala — 2, 7, 9, 18, 20: lignum of decorticated standing Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in open places.
Naetrocymbe rhyponta (Ach.) R. C. Harris — 2: bark of Sorbus aucuparia (LECB; fn Ramb-2).
Pachyphiale fagicola (Hepp) Zwackh — 1, 8, 11, 16, a4: bark of Populus tremula, Salix spp. (including S. caprea) and Sorbus aucuparia.
Palicella filamentosa (Stirt.) Rodr. Flakus et Printzen — 9, 20: bark and lignum of Pinus sylvestris branches.
Parmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl. — a9: granitic stone (LECB; fn Ramb-ad09). First record in the limits of St. Petersburg for the last 80 years. All reported historical habitats (Minyaev, 1936) are lost now. We propose to include this species into the Red Data Book of St. Petersburg with category CR (1, critically endangered).
P. sulcata Taylor — 1-4, 6, 8-13, 15-18, 21, a4, a14: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Salix spp. (including S. caprea and S. * fragilis), Sorbus aucuparia, lignum of Pinus sylvestris and fruit bodies of polyporoid fungi.
Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. — 1-4, 6-9, 15, 16, 20: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Pinus sylvestris, Salix sp. and dwarf shrubs, also lignum of Pinus sylvestris.
P. hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold — 16: bark of Alnus incana.
Peltigera didactyla (With.) J. R. Laundon — a11, a14: bark of Salix sp. (base of trunk) and sandy soil.
P. extenuata (Nyl. ex Vain.) Lojka — 3, a10, a18: lignum, mosses and soil.
P. neopolydactyla (Gyeln.) Gyeln. — 5, a13: mosses (LECB; fn Ramb-5).
P. polydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm. — 5, a12: granitic stone.
P. praetextata (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Zopf — 3, 4, 17, a10: bark of Populus tremula (base of trunk), lignum of and mosses.
Pertusaria albescens (Huds.) M. Choisy et Werner — 4, 16: bark of Alnus incana and Quercus robur.
P. amara (Ach.) Nyl. — 11, 15: bark of Alnus glutinosa, Padus avium, Populus tremula and fruit bodies of polyporoid fungi.
+Phaeocalicium polyporaeum (Nyl.) Tibell — 4, 6, 12, 13, a2: annual fruit bodies of polyporoid fungus Trichaptum pargamenum (Fr.) G. Cunn. on dead trunks of Betula sp. (LECB; fn Ramb-ad02).
Phaeophyscia ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg — 8: bark of Populus tremula and Salix sp.
P. nigricans (Flörke) Moberg — 3, 8, 16, 21: bark of Populus tremula, Salix * fragilis and Sorbus aucuparia.
P. orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg — 3, 8, 16, 21, a18: bark of Alnus incana, Populus tremula, Salix spp. (including S. * fragilis), Sorbus aucuparia and concrete.
P. sciastra (Ach.) Moberg — 3: bark of Salix * fragilis.
Phlyctis argena (Spreng.) Flot. — 1-4, 8, 11, 15-18, 21, a6, a14: bark of Alnus incana, Fraxinus excelsior, Padus avium, Populus tremula, Quercus robur, Salix spp. (including S. * fragilis) and Sorbus aucuparia.
Physcia adscendens H. Olivier — 8, 16, 21, a14: bark of Populus tremula, Salix sp. and Sorbus aucuparia.
P. aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. — 1, 3, 11, 16, 17, 21, a14: bark of Picea abies, Populus tremula and Salix spp. (including S. x fragilis).
P. alnophila (Vain.) Loht. et al. — 11, 17, 21, a4: bark of Populus tremula and Salix caprea.
Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC. — 1, 3, 6, 8, 13, 15-17, 21, a18: bark of Alnus incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Populus tremula, Salix spp. (including S. x fragilis), Sorbus aucuparia and concrete.
Physconia distorta (With.) J. R. Laundon — 3, 8, 21, a14: bark of Populus tremula and Salix spp. (including S. x fragilis).
P. enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt — 3, 8: bark of Populus tremula and Salix x fragi-
Placynthiella dasaea (Stirt.) Tensberg — 2, 18, a4: lignum of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris, roots and soil on upturned roots of conifers and fruit bodies of polyporoid fungi.
P. icmalea (Ach.) Coppins et P. James — 4, 14, 18-20, a17: bark of Betula sp., lignum of Pinus sylvestris and sandy soil.
P. oligotropha (J. R. Laundon) Coppins et P. James — 19: sandy soil.
P. uliginosa (Schrad.) Coppins et P. James — 19, a4: sandy soil.
Platismatia glauca (L.) W. L. Culb. et C. F. Culb. — 1, 2, 10-12, 15, 16, 18, a14: bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Padus avium, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Salix sp.
Polycauliona polycarpa (Hoffm.) Frôdén, Arup et Sechting — 1, 3, 8, 10, 16, 17: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, Populus tremula, Salix spp. (including S. x fragilis) and Sorbus aucuparia.
Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel et Knoph — 14: granitic boulder.
P. macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel et A. J. Schwab — 14: granitic boulder.
P. soredizodes (Lamy ex Nyl.) J. R. Laundon — 14, a1, a4: granitic boulders (LECB; fn Ramb-14).
#Pronectria leptaleae (J. Steiner) Lowen — 21: on thallus and apothecia of Physcia aipolia on bark of Populus tremula, det. J. Motiejunaité (Himelbrant et al., 2016).
*Protothelenella petri H. Mayrhofer et Poelt — 9a: cushion of dead mosses on granitic boulder in open place (LECB; fn Ramb-ad09). New for Russia. Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Sweden (Nordin et al., 2011). Our specimen is morphologically in accordance with the protologue (Mayrhofer, 1987), but differs in substrate (the bryophyte species is different, not a Polytrichum sp.); this small and probably overlooked species is characterized by absence of well-developed thallus, having oval, pear-shaped, rarely rounded perithecia 0.1-0.2 mm diam. and muriform ellipsoid ascospores 17-23 x 8-11 ^m (Mayrhofer, 1987; Foucard, 2001).
Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf — 6, 7, 9, 11, 15, 20, a14: bark of Betula sp., Alnus glutinosa, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Salix sp. and lignum of Pinus sylvestris.
Pseudosagedia aenea (Wallr.) Hafellner et Kalb. — 15, 17: bark of Padus avium and Sorbus aucuparia (LECB; fn Ramb-15).
Pseudoschismatomma rufescens (Pers.) Ertz et Tehler — 15, 21: bark of Populus tremula.
Psilolechia clavulifera (Nyl.) Coppins — 2, 7, a15: upturned roots of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris.
Psorotichia schaereri (A. Massal.) Arnold — a18: concrete (LECB; fn Ramb-ad18).
Pycnora sorophora (Vain.) Hafellner — 9, 12, 18, 20: bark and lignum of Pinus sylvestris.
Ramalina dilacerata (Hoffm.) Hoffm. — a4: bark of Salix caprea (LECB; fn Ramb-ad04). Protected in St. Petersburg (Prilozhenie..., 2014).
R. farinacea (L.) Ach. — 4, 8, 11, 16, 21, a14: bark of Alnus incana, Betula sp., Populus tremula, Salix sp. and Sorbus aucuparia.
R. sinensis Jatta — 21: bark of Populus tremula. First record in the limits of St. Petersburg since 1938 (Fagerström, 1945). The species was included in the Red Data Book of St. Petersburg with category RE (0, regionally extinct) (Prilozhenie... , 2014). We propose to change the category to CR (1, critically endangered).
Rhizocarpon lavatum (Fr.) Hazsl. — 14: granitic boulder (LECB; fn Ramb-14).
Rinodina septentrionalis Malme — 3, 8, 16, 17, 21: bark of Alnus incana, Populus tremula and Salix sp.
Ropalospora viridis (Tensberg) Tensberg — 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 15-18, 21: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Populus tremula and Sorbus au-cuparia.
+Sarea difformis (Fr.) Fr. — 2, 11, 17, 18: resin of Picea abies and Pinus sylves-
tris.
+S. resinae (Fr. : Fr.) Kuntze — 1, 2, 17: resin of Picea abies.
Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Graewe ex Stenh.) Vézda — 1, 6, 8, 13, 16, 18: bark of Betula sp., Alnus incana, Salix sp. and Sorbus aucuparia.
S. sarothamni (Vain.) Vézda — 1, 3, 4, 6, 8-10, 12, 13, 15-18, 21: bark of Acer platanoides, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Salix sp., Sorbus aucuparia, lignum of Pinus sylvestris and fruit bodies of polyporoid fungi.
S. umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold — a9: granitic boulder (LECB; fn Ramb-ad09).
Scytinium subtile (Schrad.) Otalora et al. — a16: lignum of old mossy roots of Populus tremula on path (LECB; fn Ramb-ad16). Protected in St. Petersburg (Prilozhenie..., 2014).
#*Sphaerellothecium coniodes (Nyl.) Cl. Roux et Diederich — a9: thallus of Baeomyces carneus on granitic stone (LECB; fn Ramb-ad09). Unknown in the Leningrad Region. Distribution in North-Western European Russia: Northern Karelia (Fadeeva et al., 2007). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland (Nordin et al., 2011). Lichenicolous fungus inhabiting thalli of Baeomyces spp., characterized by brown vegetative hyphae, immersed subglobose black perithe-cia, broadly clavate asci with 8 ascospores, which are 1-septate, slightly constricted at septum, smooth, halonate, hyaline (to brownish in old spores), 11-14 x 4-5 ^m in size (Ihlen, 1998).
#S. cladoniae (Alstrup et Zhurb.) Hafellner — 6: podetia of Cladonia coniocraea on lignum, det. J. Motiejunaité (Himelbrant et al., 2016).
Steinia geophana (Nyl.) Stein — a11: disturbed sandy soil in open place (LECB; fn Ramb-ad11).
+Stenocybe pullatula (Ach.) Stein — 3, 8, 10, 15, 16; bark of Alnus glutinosa and A. incana.
Stereocaulon saxatile H. Magn. — 14, a9: granitic stones.
#*Stigmidium fuscatae (Arnold) R. Sant. — a9: squamules of Acarospora fusca-ta on granitic stone (LECB; fn Ramb-ad09).
Strangospora moriformis (Ach.) Stein — 18: bark of Pinus sylvestris (LECB; fn Ramb-18).
Strigula jamesii (Swinscow) R. C. Harris — 15: bark of Alnus glutinosa (base of trunk) (LECB; fn Ramb-15).
#*Syzygospora physciacearum Diederich — 21: thalli of Physcia aipolia and P. tenella on bark of Populus tremula twigs (LECB; fn Ramb-21).
Thelenella pertusariella (Nyl.) Vain. — 4: bark of Sorbus aucuparia.
Thelocarpon epibolum Nyl. — 2: lignum of Picea abies (LECB; fn Ramb-2).
*T. lichenicola (Fuckel) Poelt et Hafellner — 7, a17: mossy lignum (log) of Pinus sylvestris (LECB; fn Ramb-7). New for North-Western European Russia; the nearest locality in Russia is in the Tver Region (Notov et al., 2011). Distribution in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland (Nordin et al., 2011), Lithuania (Motiejunaité et al., 2003). Non-lichenized fungus with apothecioid yellow ascomata, I+ blue asci and absence of hymenial jelly (Orange et al., 2009).
T. superellum Nyl. — a11: disturbed sandy soil in open place (LECB; fn Ramb-ad11).
Trapelia coarctata (Sm.) M. Choisy — 14, a5: granitic stone (LECB; fn Ramb-ad05).
*T. glebulosa (Sm.) J. R. Laundon — a4, a9: granitic stone (LECB; fn Ramb-ad04).
T. obtegens (Th. Fr.) Hertel — 5: granitic stone.
T. placodioides Coppins et P. James — 14: granitic stone (LECB; fn Ramb-14).
Trapeliopsis flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins et P. James — 2, 9, 14, 20, a4, a17: bark and lignum of Pinus sylvestris, lignum of Picea abies, plant debris and soil.
T. granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch — 19, a9: sandy soil.
#Tremella cladoniae Diederich et M. S. Christ. — 13: podetia of Cladonia conio-craea on bark on trunk base of Betula sp.
#T. lichenicola Diederich — 2-4, 7, 11-13, 15, 16, 18: thalli of Violella fucata on bark of different trees and lignum of conifers.
Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla (Willd. ex Humb.) Hale — 1, 2, 11, 15, a14: bark of Alnus glutinosa, Betula sp., Picea abies and Salix sp.
Umbilicaria polyphylla (L.) Baumg. — a9: granitic boulder. Protected in St. Petersburg (Prilozhenie..., 2014).
Usnea hirta (L.) F. H. Wigg. — 9, 15, 20, a4: bark of Alnus glutinosa, Pinus syl-vestris, Salix caprea and lignum of Pinus sylvestris.
U. subfloridana Stirt. — a4: bark of Salix caprea.
Violella fucata (Stirt.) T. Sprib. — 1-4, 6-9, 11-13, 15-18, 20: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Sorbus aucuparia, lignum of Juniperus communis and Pinus sylvestris.
Vulpicida pinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson et M. J. Lai — 1-3, 7-9, 11-13, 15, 16, 18-20: bark of Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Betula sp., Padus avium, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula, Salix sp. and lignum (including Pinus sylvestris).
Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale — a9: granitic stone in open place.
Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. — 1, 3, 8, 11, 16, 17, 21: bark of Alnus incana, Padus avium, Populus tremula, Salix x fragilis and Sorbus aucuparia.
Xylopsora friesii (Ach.) Bendiksby et Timdal — 2: bark of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris.
Results and Discussion
Altogether 214 species of lichens and allied fungi have been found in Oranienbaumsky Prospective Natural Protected Area in 2015. Among them, 199 lichens, 11 lichenicolous and 4 saprobic fungi traditionally recorded in lichenological lists have been identified. Lichen diversity of the area is estimated as one of the richest within St. Petersburg. Other well investigated protected areas are generally not so rich in lichens: «Zapad-ny Kotlin» including the fort «Rif» — 181 species, «Sergievka» — 182, «Sestroretskoye Boloto» — 187, «Ozero Shchuchye» — 196 (Stepan-chikova et al, 2010, 2011, 2015). The only exception is «Gladyshevsky» Natural Protected Area — the richest territory in St. Petersburg, with 310 species known (Stepanchikova et al., 2014).
The main part of the found lichen diversity is represented by widespread species of secondary forest and suburban parks of the city. Most common of them are mainly the corticolous and lignicolous species Cla-donia cenotea, C. chlorophaea, C. coniocraea, Fuscidea pusilla, Hy-pogymnia physodes, Lecanora chlarotera, L. pulicaris, L. symmicta, Lecidea nylanderi, Lepraria incana, L. lobificans, Parmelia sulcata, Sco-liciosporum sarothamni, Violella fucata and Vulpicida pinastri — these species have been recorded on more than 12 sample plots. All these species are known to be resistant to intensive air pollution and acidification of substrates. However, one lichen (Protothelenella petri) discovered in OPA is new for Russia, four lichens (Biatora cuprea, Brianaria bauschiana, Micarea leprosula and Thelocarpon lichenicola) are new for the North-Western European Russia, four species are new for St. Petersburg (lichens Aspicilia laevata and Trapelia glebulosa, lichenicolous fungi Stigmidium fuscatae and Syzygospora physciacearum) and one lichenico-lous fungus (Sphaerellothecium coniodes) was not known from St. Petersburg or Leningrad Region.
Another interesting and rare element of the lichen diversity is represented by nine species protected in St. Petersburg: Arthonia helvola, Chaenotheca brachypoda, C. stemonea, Cladonia squamosa, Montanelia sorediata, Ramalina dilacerata, R. sinensis, Scytinium subtile and Umbili-cariapolyphylla (Prilozhenie..., 2014). Ramalina sinensis was not reported from the city territory since 1938 (Fagerström, 1945) and probably is extinct from the historical localities in vicinities of Zelenogorsk (formerly
Terijoki). The saxicolous foliose lichen Parmelia fraudans was found on erratic granitic boulder for the first time for 80 years (Minyaev, 1936). All its reported historical habitats are lost now. We propose to include this species in the Red Data Book of St. Petersburg with category CR (1, critically endangered) and to change present category RE (0, regionally extinct; Prilozhenie..., 2014) of Ramalina sinensis to CR (1, critically endangered).
Within OPA, one habitat specialist (Acrocordia cavata) and three indicator species (Arthonia helvola, Chaenotheca brachypoda, C. stemonea) of biologically valuable forests (Vyyavlenie..., 2009) were found. Unfortunately these corticolous lichens grow in different habitats and are not included in any uniform community. Such fragmental occurrence shows the presence of separate ecological niches formed due to the natural forest dynamics as well as the absence of actual biologically valuable sustainable forests in strict sense. Special attention in this respect must be paid to the most prospective middle-aged aspen-spruce forests NW of Soykino (sample area 17), S of Lomonosov (11), and black alder community in the Karasta River Valley (15).
As expected the main part of the revealed lichen flora is represented by corticolous lichens — 132 species (62 % of total diversity); a significant role of lignicolous species (52 species, 24 %) is also understandable. Saxicolous lichens are represented by 37 species (17 %), which is rather unexpected for a territory covered mainly by different types of secondary forests with absence of rocky outcrops. Most of the saxicolous species — 27 (13 %) — were recorded on granite, 11 species (5 %) on concrete. All granitic boulders on the territory of OPA have erratic origin and represent the remnants of native communities. It is interesting to note that eight of ten species, recorded for the first time for St. Petersburg, are confined to the communities of siliceous stones (grow directly on boulders, on primary soil on them or on saxicolous mosses and lichens). The most valuable habitats for these communities are situated SW of Astronomicheskaya Street (swampy pine forest and granitic boulders, sample area 9 and additional collection point a9), where Biatora cuprea, Cladonia squamosa, Micarea leprosula, Montanelia sorediata, Parmelia fraudans, Protothelenella petri, Sphaerellothecium coniodes, Stigmidium fuscatae, Trapelia glebulosa and Umbilicaria polyphylla were found. Another significant group of lichens is a terricolous one which comprises 35 rather common species (16 %, mainly Cladonia spp. and crustose lichens) and present on anthropogenic wastelands. Few species inhabit mosses (11 species, 5 %), thalli of lichens (11, 5 %), fruit bodies of polyporoid fungi (8, 4 %), resin of conifers (3, 1 %) and plant debris (2, 1 %).
The richest phorophytes are Populus tremula (66 species, 31 % of the lichen flora), shrubby species of Salix (55, 26 %), Sorbus aucuparia (50, 23 %), Betula spp. (48, 22 %) and Alnus incana (44, 21 %). It is interesting that most widespread in OPA Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies have no leading position in lichen diversity (43 species, 20 %, and 27 species, 13 % respectively). It is simple to explain this observation by rarity of old pines, absence of old spruces as well as old pine and spruce forests. Quite notable diversity of epiphytes also has been recorded on Alnus glutinosa (41 species, 19 %), Padus avium (27, 13 %) and Salix x fragilis (23, 11 %). Epiphytic lichens of broad-leaved trees Quercus robur (14, 7 %), Acer platanoides (9, 4 %) and Fraxinus excelsior (8, 4 %) are represented by insignificant number of species due to rarity of old trees and presence of mainly young separate trunks as admixture in the main forest types. Few species also have been collected on bark of Salix caprea (12, 6 %), Ledumpalustre (5, 2 %) and Corylus avellana (1, 1 %).
The lichen flora of OPA deserves protection as one of the richest in St. Petersburg, comprising regionally rare and vulnerable species. The territory of OPA has been significantly transformed by human activity but still includes a few remnants of native saxicolous communities with unique species and small forest areas promising in the context of reconstruction of biologically valuable forests. The main prospective problems and factors of disturbance for OPA are development of St. Petersburg and Lomonosov and subsequent increasing recreation and air pollution level, road and power line construction.
Acknowledgements. We thank V. N. Khramtsov (St. Petersburg, Russia) who helped in organizing field investigations, J. Motiejünaite (Vilnius, Lithuania), who identified the lichenicolous fungi Lichenoco-nium lecanorae, Pronectria leptaleae and Sphaerellothecium cladoniae, and anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and corrections. The study was requested by the SPI «Directorate of Nature Protected Areas of St. Petersburg» and also was partly supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 14-04-01411) as well as Saint Petersburg State University (research grant 1.37.151. 2014).
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Литература
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