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TECHNICAL SCIENCES
MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES - PROMISING METHODS FOR CLEANING AND DISINFECTION OF COLLECTOR-DRAINAGE WATERS Kelova M.G.1, Ishanguliyev А.А.2, Ishanguliyev G.A.3 (Turkmenistan) Email: Kelova570@scientifictext.ru
'Kelova Maya Gurbangulychevna - Senior Lecturer, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY OF INORGANIC SUBSTANCES; 2Ishanguliev Arslan Ataberdyevich — Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS, TURKMEN STATE INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING; 3Ishanguliev Guvanch Ataberdyevich — Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF OIL AND GAS WELL DRILLING, INTERNATIONAL OIL AND GAS UNIVERSITY, ASHGABAT, TURKMENISTAN
Abstract: the average chemical composition of the collector-drainage waters of the Akyala reservoir of the Turkmen Lake "Altyn Asyr" was studied.
Studies have been carried out in the field of disinfection and purification/cleaning of these waters by membrane methods such as ultra-filtration and reverse osmosis. The main advantages of comprehensive membrane technologies compared to traditional ones include: consistently high quality of treated water, full automation of the whole technological process, low consumption of chemicals, the creation of waste-free technologies.
Keywords: micro-filtration, ultra-filtration, nano-filtration, reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration membranes, purification/cleaning of collector-drainage waters.
МЕМБРАННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ - ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ОЧИСТКИ
И ОБЕЗЗАРАЖИВАНИЯ КОЛЛЕКТОРНО-ДРЕНАЖНЫХ ВОД Келова М.Г.1, Ишангулыев А.А.2, Ишангулыев Г.А.3 (Туркменистан)
'Келова Майя Гурбангулычевна — старший преподаватель, кафедра химической технологии неорганических веществ; 2Ишангулыев Арслан Атабердыевич — преподаватель, кафедра компьютерных технологий и систем, Туркменский государственный архитектурно-строительный институт; 3Ишангулыев Гуванч Атабердыевич — преподаватель, кафедра бурения нефтяных и газовых скважин, Международный университет нефти и газа, г. Ашхабад, Туркменистан
Аннотация: изучен средний химический состав коллекторно-дренажных вод водохранилища «Акяйла» Туркменского озера «Алтын асыр». Проведены исследования по обеззараживанию и очистке этих вод мембранными методами как ультрафильтрация и обратный осмос. К основным преимуществам современных мембранных технологий по сравнению с традиционными относятся: стабильно высокое качество обработанной воды, полная автоматизация технологического процесса, низкое потребление химических реагентов, создание безотходных технологий.
Ключевые слова: микрофильтрация, ультрафильтрация, нанофильтрация, обратный осмос, ультрафильтрационные мембраны, очистка КДВ.
Water is one of the most valuable resources for life and further development of the Central Asian region, including Turkmenistan.
So, protection of environment, including tasks of conservation and rational use of water resources, are one of the priorities of the state policy of Turkmenistan.
Particular attention is paid to supply population of our country with clean drinking water. According to the "General Program to Supply Clean Drinking Water for Human Settlements of Turkmenistan", the modern water treatment plants and desalination units are being built in all regions and provinces of our country. The existing facilities are being modernized and upgraded, water supply systems are being updated.
Now, a large-scale project to build a unique Altyn Asyr lake just in in the heart of the Karakum Desert is under progress and aimed to collect collector-drainage waters from the irrigated lands of all regions of the country. Its first phase was commissioned in 2009 [1].
During the implementation of the second phase of this Project, the system of supply collectors expands and deepens, which is intended both to divert saline water from oases and to ensure the possibility of their secondary use [1].
At the present time, the scientific and research works are being carried out to reuse of saline water diverted from irrigated lands to the Turkmen lake "Altyn Asyr".
Traditional methods, such as sedimentation and filtering for preliminary preparation and for obtaining drinking water, do not provide a high technological and sanitary reliability. The introduction of the additional purification stages, such as ozonation, sorption with activated carbon, etc. leads to increasing of operating costs and, accordingly, the cost of purified water. In this regard, searching for new promising methods of water treatment is continuing to be an actual problem [3].
In last time, membrane technologies for the treatment of natural and wastewater have been actively introduced in the field of water supply and sanitation systems of all industrialized countries.
The main advantages of modern membrane technologies compared to traditional ones include: consistently high quality of treated water, full automation of the whole technological process, low consumption of chemicals, creation of waste-free technologies [2].
The ultra-filtration method is becoming increasingly widespread among technologies for preparation of drinking water and wastewater treatment, both independently and as a stage preceding reverse osmosis [2].
The ultra-filtration method is designed to purify/clean water from colloidal and suspended substances contained in it.
Main types of UV elements include: hollow fiber, tubular, flat and rolled elements. Roll elements are used less often because they have the smallest specific productivity and are most susceptible to contamination of the membrane surface, especially the structure of this element does not allow for high-quality membrane regeneration.
Flat framed UV elements are most often used in vacuum or submersible water treatment systems. They allow to clean high-turbid waters with the large and high content of suspended and organic substances, therefore, they are mainly used for wastewater treatment [3].
Hollow fiber and tubular UV elements are characterized by the highest specific productivity and compactness. At the same time, their structure provides effective regeneration of the membrane surface.
This total of advantages determines the most widespread distribution of hollow fiber and tubular UV elements.
UV membranes are made from both polymeric organic and inorganic materials. The most common inorganic materials include ceramics and cermets. The most commonly used materials are cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyester sulphone, polyamide, polysulphonamide, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene [3].
Goal of the scientific research is to choose the most effective and environmentally friendly method for cleaning and disinfecting of collector-drainage waters.
The collector-drainage waters (CDW) of the Akyayla reservoir of the Turkmen lake Altyn Asyr are chosen as the subject of research study.
Table 1 shows the average chemical composition of these waters.
Table 1. The average chemical composition of the collector-drainage waters of the reservoir "Akyayla" of the Turkmen lake
"Altyn Asyr"
№ Indicators Average concentration Requirements for water to be used in the reverse osmosis system
1 Turbidity, mg / dm3 3,32 0,6
2 PH value 7,97 3 - 10
3 Total mineralization, mg / dm3 6736 50 000
4 Solid residue, mg / dm3 6657 -
5 Total hardness, mol / m3 42,87 20
6 Insoluble substances (size 0.01mm), mg / dm3 25,42 -
7 Permanganate oxidation, mg O2 / dm3 10,0 2,0
8 Carbonate ions (C032-), mg / dm3 1,5 -
9 Bicarbonate ions (HCO3), mg / dm3 152,5 -
10 Chloride ions (Cl-), mg / dm3 2222,0 -
11 Sulfate ions (SO42-), mg / dm3 2152,5 -
12 Calcium ions (Ca2 +), mg / dm3 330,6 -
13 Magnesium ions (Mg2 +), mg / dm3 320,5 -
14 Sodium ions (Na +), mg / dm3 1524 -
15 Potassium ions (K +), mg / dm3 28,5 -
16 Nitrate ions (NO3-), mg / dm3 2,58 -
17 Nitrite ions (NO2-), mg / dm3 0,0031 -
18 Ammonium ions (NH4 +), mg / dm3 0,49 -
19 Total iron (Fen +), mg / dm3 0,05 0,1
20 Fluorine (F), mg / dm3 0,80 -
21 Manganese (Mn), mg / dm3 0,025 -
As seen from the table, the total mineralization of collector-drainage water is 6736 mg /d m3, the turbidity of water is 3.32 mg / dm3, permanganate oxidation is 10 mg O2 / dm3, and the total hardness is average 42.87 mol / m3.
The results of bacteriological analysis showed that in 1 ml of source water the number of bacterial colonies is 297, after purification by ultra-filtration method the coli index is less than <3.0.
To clean these waters from suspended particles, organic impurities and microorganisms, an AP-PS-50 polysulphone ultra-filtration membrane was used. The results of the disinfection of collector-drainage water showed that the degree of purification from microbes and bacteria is recorded as 97-99%; from organic substances - 75% [4].
Conducted scientific studies have shown a high efficiency of water disinfection by ultra-filtration.
References / Список литературы
1. [Electronic Resource]. URL: http://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ (date of access: 14.05.2020).
2. Main ways to increase the efficiency of removal of humic substances from water by the ultra-filtration method. T.E. Mitchenko, E.M. Svetleyskaya Water i water treatment technology. Science-and-technology news. № 3 (5), 2011.
3. Membrane technologies are the comprehensive solution for improving quality of drinking water in the rural areas. E.V. Wilson, V.A. Onkaev. Engineering Bulletin of the Don. № 3, 2017.
4. Science, technology and innovative technologies in the Era of Power and happiness" Materials of the International Scientific Conference, Volume II. A.: Ylym, 2015.
