CC BY
1UOT 634.8
MECHANICAL AND ENOCARPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A NUMBER OF TECHNICAL AND TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES PLANTED AND CULTIVATED IN
AZERBAIJAN
MAJNUNLU UMIDE KHOSROV Scientific worker of the Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking, phd student of the Azerbaijan State University of Economics Azerbaijan, Baku city
Summary: The article deals with the mechanical and enocarpological analyzes of bunches and berries of a number of table and technical grape varieties planted and cultivated in Azerbaijan. During the conducted research, it was determined that depending on the grape varieties, indicators such as bunch mass, comb mass, peel and pulp residue, juice yield, solid residue amount vary in a wide range, in particular, medium, large and small bunches are found. The enocarpological indicators of the grape varieties studied table varieties, the average mass of a bunch varies in a wide range, 210.0 - 974.0 g, the mass of the comb is 0.7 - 9.6%, the peel and stem residue is 18.0 - 40.0%, the juice yield 51.0 - 72.7%, the amount of seeds was 2.4 - 10.8%, the amount of solid residue was 27.3 - 49%, and the mass of 100 seeds was between 2.7 -14.0 g. In technical varieties, these indicators differ from table varieties: the mass of one bunch is 178.7 - 548.0 g, the mass of the comb is 1.8 -6.5%, the peel and pulp residue is 14.7 - 31.6%, the juice yield is 64.1 - 76.2%, the amount of seeds 2.7-7.4%, the amount of solid residue was estimated in the range of23.8-43%.
Key words: grape varieties, local varieties, enocarpological indicators, cluster, berry
Azerbaijan possesses significant potential for utilizing green energy resources in the production of sustainable industrial goods [9], with the agricultural sector, particularly grape wine production, serving as a notable example [10]. Currently, a large amount of waste is obtained during the production of wine in the industrial areas of the world, and these wastes are involved in recycling and create a basis for obtaining a new product. For this purpose, extensive mechanical and enocarpological analysis of bunches and berries of technical and table grape varieties grown in Azerbaijan was studied during the research. The purpose of studying these indicators was to determine the technological suitability of waste and ensure their rational use. It was determined that the grapes grown depending on the grape varieties differ from each other in the mass of bunches and stalk, the amount of peel and stem residue, the amount of juice and seeds, as well as the amount of solid residue in general. Many factors affect the amount of residues obtained during the processing of grapes during the purchase of alcoholic and non-alcoholic products. Processing technology, variety characteristics, technological suitability of grapes, direction of use (table or technical), mechanical indicators have a great influence on this. For this reason, as a result of the influence of these factors, the amount of residues obtained from grape processing varies [1-5]. In order to analyze from an economic point of view, we have analyzed the processing processes of a number of foreign and local grape varieties, including table grape varieties, which are widely planted and cultivated in Azerbaijan. The main purpose of the analysis is to determine the mass, juice yield, seed quantity of the stalk, peel and rind part that is formed during the processing of grapes, and in particular, to determine the amount of solid residue formed during the processing of grapes. From the analysis, it was determined that depending on the variety, the biological and uvological characteristics of the varieties, as well as the directions of use, the mechanical indicators of the products of the grape varieties differ, and the yield rate of the mechanical parts is significantly different [6-8].
Table 1. Mechanical and enocarpological characteristics of bunches and berries of a number of table grape varieties planted and cultivated in Azerbaijan
ад <+ч О ад öS Mechanical indicators of composition ■ berries, % ад
л c й ai ri r и ТЗ
№ Name of varieties a <+4 О M M a ma (U -Й H Cluster size, cm, length The average amou berries in a cluste: e b 0 0 <+ч o t ht ig ie Stalk, % Peel and pulp residue Juice yield Seed Solid residue, % e e s 0 0 <+ч o t ht ig ie
TABLE
VARIETIES
Fast growing:
1 Absheron khatyny 268,5 19,6/11,3 143 187,0 3,9 21,2 68,7 6,2 31,3 10,0
2 Gyrmyzy saabi 696,0 29,6/14,4 164 422,0 1,6 27,5 62,4 8,5 37,6 11,0
Medium,
medium-late
ripening
3 Ala shany 333,3 26,2/14,4 106 313,0 2,5 32,5 59,8 5,2 40,2 8,3
4 Agadaiyee 288,3 26,2/10,4 70 411,3 3,2 32,0 57,3 7,5 42,7 7,67
6 Bandi 393,5 21,6/10,2 122 322,0 2,4 40,0 53,3 4,3 46,7 9,0
7 Nagshaby 344,3 24,2/12,8 106 322,3 3,1 18,0 72,7 6,2 27,3 9,7
8 Duyumgile 431,0 27,4/13,6 91 471,5 7,8 32,0 53,2 7,0 46,8 7,5
9 Digah kechimemesy 314,0 28,2/11,9 96 324,0 2,2 20,0 67,0 10,8 33 11,0
10 Gara khatuni 320,0 27,7/11,2 119 268,6 4,5 22,0 70,3 3,2 29,7 8,3
11 Mahmudu 556,5 26,4/15,2 155 359,0 2,3 32,0 59,1 6,6 40,9 8,5
12 Tabrizi 355,0 21,4/10,6 119 296,5 3,9 32,0 57,3 6,8 42,7 10,5
13 Elmin 210,0 17,2/8,8 150 140,0 2,6 22,0 67,9 7,5 32,1 10,0
14 Emin 281,5 18,2/9,4 138 203,5 3,1 36,0 55,9 5,0 44,1 8,0
15 Alfons lavelle 674,0 31,6/13,8 114 591,0 3,4 40,2 51,2 5,2 48,8 7,0
16 Yabani uzum 1 124,0 14,2/6,8 133 92,6 9,0 27,2 61,1 2,7 38,9 2,7
17 Yabani uzum 2 118,0 12,3/6,4 138 85,0 9,6 37,0 51,0 2,4 49 3,0
Late and very
late ripening
18 Arna-grna 551,0 24,6/15,3 179 325,5 1,7 33,0 59,3 6,0 40,7 10,0
19 Ag darbandi 368,0 32,4/12,5 93 394,7 3,2 33,0 57,4 6,4 42,6 10,0
20 Ag saabi 638,0 32,8/14,2 261 244,3 3,2 27,0 66,6 3,2 33,4 6,8
21 Absheron gara kechimemesy 479,0 22,6/14,6 137 348,5 2,5 33,0 60,4 4,1 39,6 10,0
22 Gyozal uzum 412,5 28,4/10,8 137 301,0 2,0 40,0 54,0 4,0 46 14,0
23 Gara urza 398,7 25,5/12,4 167 238,3 4,1 30,0 62,3 3,6 37,7 4,7
24 Gara kechimemesy 552,0 32,8/14,4 168 328,5 1,9 33,0 56,9 8,2 43,1 11,5
25 Zeynebi 540,5 26,8/12,4 161 335,0 2,9 27,4 63,5 6,2 36,5 10,5
26 Chehrayi saabi 396,5 21,4/9,6 107 370,0 2,9 20,2 71,9 5,0 28,1 8,0
27 Shamakhy marandisy 440,3 27,5/11,4 179 245,0 7,3 25,0 60,9 6,8 39,1 8,7
28 ichkimar 478,5 31,4/13,6 103 463,5 2,6 24,2 66,0 7,2 34 9,0
29 Moldova 326,0 22,8/11,4 109 299,0 2,3 21,0 69,2 7,5 30,8 8,5
30 Tuya-tish 974,0 34,6/15,8 215 452,0 3,2 30,0 57,1 9,7 42,9 14,0
31 Taify pink 679,5 36,4/16,2 147 462,0 3,6 32,0 54,2 10,2 45,8 10,5
32 italia muscat 387,0 36,2/15,4 157 245,5 3,0 30,3 60,3 6,4 39,7 9,0
33 Red glob 518,0 34,4/14,2 79 648,4 0,7 34,0 57,2 8,1 42,8 7,0
Table 2. Mechanical and enocarpological characteristics of bunches and berries o ? a num ber of
technical grape varieties planted and cultivated in Azerbaijan
№ ад л f ад Mechanical ад
л c n ад с ai о nt ur ue w ai 'G r u composition indicators of berries, % s© «г T3 e e
Name of varieties a f o M M a ma e л H S c ,e 'Я r e t ХЛ Ö The average ami berries in a clust 0 0 f о t л ад '53 £ Stalk, % Peel va pulp residue Juice yield Seed Solid residue, 0 0 f о -M л ад '53 £
TECHNICAL
VARIETIES
Fast growing:
1 Hama§ara 478,0 32,7/13,4 268 177,8 4,6 14,7 76,2 4,5 23,8 7,4
2 Arayatly gara uzumu 330,0 23,8/10,2 189 174,3 5,4 17,0 73,0 4,6 27 7,7
Medium,
medium-late
ripening
3 Bayanshira 286,6 22,6/8,6 153 186,5 3,5 22,5 70,5 3,5 29,5 5,2
4 Madrasa 329,7 24,6/10,2 199 165,0 5,0 27,0 64,1 3,9 35,9 4,2
5 Shirvanshahy 445,0 34,6/11,8 173 256,0 3,8 19,0 73,5 3,7 26,5 4,0
6 Khyndogny 407,7 28,7/9,8 245 166,0 4,1 22,0 68,1 5,8 31,9 6,2
7 Digah gorasi 335,0 24,5/9,6 153 218,0 6,5 22,0 68,0 3,5 32 3,0
8 Rkatsiteli 360,7 26,6/8,8 199 181,0 3,3 20,0 73,5 3,2 26,5 2,7
9 Karabakh gyrmyzy uzumu 432,0 29,8/11,6 161 267,0 1,8 27,3 67,6 3,3 32,4 4,5
10 Ag Kharji (universal) 437,0 27,4/11,8 152 286,5 4,0 31,6 67,0 7,4 43 10, 0
11 Yesheni 282,7 24,2/12,6 179 157,3 2,7 20,6 73,0 3,7 27 4,7
12 Shamakhy hadiyesi 545,5 26,4/12,8 203 267,5 3,0 24,0 70,0 3,0 30 4,0
Late and very
late ripening
13 Gara lkeni 504,7 28,8/12,3 289 174,3 3,1 18,0 72,9 6,0 27,1 8,3
14 Genjevi (universal) 548,0 30,6/12,4 164 333,5 3,7 21,9 68,0 6,4 32 8,0
15 Chil uzum 483,0 25,8/9,8 214 225,5 3,8 24,6 66,0 5,6 34 8,5
16 Uzun salkhym 178,7 34,4/7,2 110 161,5 4,8 15,5 77,0 2,7 23 7,7
17 Doyna 231,7 17,8/8,6 103 224,5 2,2 22,0 70,2 5,6 29,8 7,8
Average indicator 3,8 21,3 70,5 4,4 30
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