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DEPENDENCE ON THE MECHANICAL COMPOSITION OF THE APPLICATION OF GROWTH SUBSTANCES TO THE GROWING VARIETIES OF GRAPES
Kamoliddin Sultonov
Professor
Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan, Tashkent E-mail: [email protected]
Pulatjon Egamberdiev
Associate professor Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan, Gulistan E-mail: [email protected]
Ibrohim Julbekov
Teacher,
Gulistan State University, Uzbekistan, Gulistan E-mail: ibrohimjulbekov8@gmail. com
ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ ОТ МЕХАНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА ВНЕСЕНИЯ РОСТОВЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ
ПРИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ СОРТОВ ВИНОГРАДА
Султонов Камолиддин Садриддинович
профессор,
Ташкентский государственный аграрный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент
Эгамбердиев Пулатжон Эргашович
доцент,
Гулистанский государственный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Гулистан
Жулбеков Ибро^им Саликул угли
преподаватель,
Гулистанский государственный университет, Республика Узбекистан, г. Гулистан
ABSTRACT
In this article, the importance of the period of application of growing substances to grape varieties depends on their mechanical composition, the period of application of growing substances to grape varieties is used before flowering, 10 days after flowering, during the period of accumulation of water in the bunches and when the color of the bunch of grapes begins to enter. If one application of growth substances increased the yield by 5-25% compared to the control variant, two applications of growth substances increased the yield of grapes by 10-45%, and it was reported that the duration of application of growth substances depends on the mechanical composition of the grape head.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В данной статье значение срока внесения прорастающих веществ в сорта винограда зависит от их механического состава, срок внесения прорастающих веществ в сорта винограда используется до цветения, через 10 дней после цветения, в период накопления воды. в гроздьях и когда начнет проявляться цвет грозди винограда. Если одно применение ростовых веществ повышало урожайность на 5-25% по сравнению с контрольным вариантом, то две обработки ростовыми веществами повышали урожайность винограда на 10-45%, при этом сообщалось, что продолжительность применения ростовых веществ зависит от механический состав головки винограда.
Keywords: grape head, bunch, meznik composition, grape bunch, flesh and juice, bunch, skin, rudiment seed, growing substances, raisins.
Ключевые слова: головка винограда, гроздь, состав мезника, гроздь винограда, мякоть и сок, гроздь, кожица, зачаточное семя, прорастающие вещества, изюм.
Библиографическое описание: Sultonov K.S., Egamberdiev P.E., Julbekov I.S. DEPENDENCE ON THE MECHANICAL COMPOSITION OF THE APPLICATION OF GROWTH SUBSTANCES TO THE GROWING VARIETIES OF GRAPES // Universum: технические науки: электрон. научн. журн. 2024. 3(120). URL: https://7universum. com/ru/tech/archive/item/17144
As a result of scientific research aimed at the development of viticulture, which is an important branch of world agriculture, the development of optimal standards for the use of the best growing substances to increase the yield and quality of grape varieties remains one of the current problems [1]. To find a solution to this scientific problem, scientists from various fields are conducting scientific research, including Viticulture and Enology Research Center (USA, California, W.M. Kliewer), Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking (Georgia, Howell.G.S), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (Argentina, Poni S, Casalini), Research Institute of Viticulture, Winemaking and Fruitcrops (Armenia, Chalak S.U., Kulkari S.S.) [2]. Many researchers who worked in Uzbekistan conducted scientific research on the dependence of the method of growing grapes on growing substances. D.I. Baulin, M.G. Tsetlin, A. Adylbekov, N. Buzin, V.I. Garboch, R.Yu. Soldatova, A. Mirzaev, G.I. Khaydarkulov, M.R. Musamukhammedov, K.S. Sultanov, J.N. Fayziev and O'.O. Ochildiev, A.M. Malikov, P.E. The Egamberdievs carried out various scientific researches on increasing the yield of grapes [3]. However, no studies have been conducted on the dependence of growing substances on the mechanical composition of the grape head in the cultivation of young varieties of grapes by the traditional method [4; 5].
The development and implementation of optimal standards for the influence of grape clusters on the quality and the dependence of physiological and biochemical processes on growing substances in the cultivation of ripe varieties remains an urgent task, and its solution will allow solving a number of problematic issues that allow obtaining a high and high-quality harvest from vineyards.
The subjects of the study were grapes of Kishmish chery, Kishmish belyy ovalnyy, Kishmish sogdiana, F1 Black raisin, F1 White raisin, and F1 Pink raisin varieties, as well as the standards of growing substances.
Research materials and method. The experiments were developed by Kh. Ch. Boriev, N. Sh. Enileev and others "Methodology of calculations and phenological observations in conducting experiments with fruit and berry-bearing plants" (2014), M.A. Lazarevskiy "Metody botanicheskogo opisania i agrobiologicheskogo izucheniya sortov vinograda" " (1946), "Izuchenie vinograda dlya opredelenia ego ispolzovaniya" (1963) by N.N. Prostoserdov, conducted according to the recommendations and methods presented in the methodical literature.
Statistical analysis of research results was calculated in Excel 2010 and Statistica 7.0 for Windows computer programs with a confidence interval of 0.95% according to the method shown by B.A. Dospekhov.
Analysis and results. The following were determined from the results of the research conducted in the experimental area. In the experiment, it was found that the method of growing grapes and growing substances have a high effect on the mechanical composition of grape bunches and the formation of bunches.
When the mechanical composition of the grape head cluster was studied during the cultivation of Kishmishbop grape varieties by the fairy method, the results obtained from Kishmishbop varieties differed significantly from each other according to the variants.
Studying the effect of growing substances on the mechanical composition of grape varieties. , 1 cm, the flesh and juice of the grape head 95.7%, the band of the grape head 3.7%, the pith of the grape cluster 0.4% and the rudimentary seed of the grape cluster 0.2%, the grower Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Amber acid 50 mg/l, NPK 125 mg/l, Calcium 100 mg/l, Phytactive Plant 50 mg/l. (1) When applied 10 days after flowering, the weight of the grape head was 22.6 g heavier than the control variant, and the flesh and juice of the grape head was 0.2% higher. Grower Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Bornaic acid 50 mg/l, Cytogummate 200 mg/l, Fitovak 100 mg/l, Magnesium 50 mg/l. 3 g weight and meat and juice yield was found to be 0.4% higher.
Kishmish belyy ovalnyy variety of grapes. In the untreated (control) variant, the weight of the grape head was 180.9 ± 3.2 g, the amount of flesh and juice of the grape head was 95.3%, the grower Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, succinic acid 50 mg /l, NPK 125 mg/l, Calcium 100 mg/l, Phytactive Plant 50 mg/l. (1) When applied 10 days after flowering, the weight of the grape head is 14.8 g heavier than the control option, the output of the grape head and flesh is 0.4% higher, the grower Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Bornaic acid 50 mg/l, Cytogummate 200 mg/l, Phytovac 100 mg/l, Magnesium 50 mg/l, (2) When applied when the grapes start to color, the average weight of the grape head was 29.4 g and the amount of flesh and juice of the grape head was 0.7% higher than the control option. The Kishmish Sogdiana variety of grapes in the untreated (control) variant had a weight of 180.9 ± 3.2 g, the amount of flesh and juice of the grape head was 95.3%, the grower Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, succinic acid 50 mg/l l, NPK 125 mg/l, Calcium 100 mg/l, Phytactive Plant 50 mg/l. (1) When applied 10 days after flowering, the weight of the grape head is 14.8 g heavier than the control option, the output of the grape head and flesh is 0.4% higher, the grower Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Bornaic acid 50 mg/l, Cytogummate 200 mg/l ,Phytovac 100 mg/l, Magnesium 50 mg/l, (2) When applied when the grapes start to color, the average weight of the grape head was 29.4 g and the amount of flesh and juice of the grape head was 0.7% higher than the control option.
Table 1.
The effect of growth agents on the mechanical composition of grape varieties (experiment 1. 2021-2023)
№ Options Average weight of grape head, g The size of a grape head Grape flesh and juice, % Bunch of grape s, % Grape seed pulp, % Rudament seed of grape cluster, %
tall width, cm
Kishmish cherry variety
1 Untreated (control) 240,5 ± 4,3 19,1 ± 1,7 10,1 ± 1,1 95,7 3,7 0,4 0,2
2 Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Succinic acid 50 mg/l, NPK 125 mg/l, Calcium 100 mg/l, Phytactive Plant 50 mg/l. (1) 10 days after flowering 263,1 ± 4,3 20,2 ± 1,3 10,4 ± 1,2 95,9 3,4 0,5 0,2
3 Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Bornaic acid 50 mg/l, Cytogummat 200 mg/l, Fitovak 100 mg/l, Magnesium 50 mg/l, (2) When the color starts to enter 295,8 ± 4,4 21,4 ± 1,8 11,1 ± 1,2 96,1 3,3 0,4 0,2
Kishmish bely ovalnyy
4 Untreated (control) 180,9 ± 3,2 16,3 ± 1,8 9,2 ± 1,3 95,3 3,8 0,5 0,4
5 Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Succinic acid 50 mg/l, NPK 125 mg/l, Calcium 100 mg/l, Phytactive Plant 50 mg/l. (1) 10 days after flowering 195,7 ± 4,5 18,3 ± 1,9 10,7 ± 1,3 95,7 3,4 0,6 0,3
Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Bornaic acid 50 mg/l, Cytogummat 200 mg/l, Fitovak 100 mg/l, Magnesium 50 mg/l, (2) When the color starts to enter 210,3 ± 4,5 19,4 ± 1,7 11,3 ± 1,3 96,0 3,2 0,6 0,2
Kishmish Sogdiana
1 Untreated (control) 372,0 ± 4,0 22,2 ± 0,7 12,4 ± 1,0 95,3 3,5 0,5 0,7
2 Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Succinic acid 50 mg/l, NPK 125 mg/l, Calcium 100 mg/l, Phytactive Plant 50 mg/l. (1) 10 days after flowering 392,8 ± 4,1 24,4 ± 0,7 14,5 ± 1,1 95,7 3,2 0,5 0,6
3 Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Bornaic acid 50 mg/l, Cytogummat 200 mg/l, Fitovak 100 mg/l, Magnesium 50 mg/l, (2) When the color starts to enter 422,3 ± 4,1 25,3 ± 0,8 16,5 ± 1,2 95,9 3,3 0,4 0,4
F1 Black Currant
4 Untreated (control) 308,2 ± 4,2 16,0 ± 0,9 13,5 ± 1,3 93,6 5,3 0,6 0,5
5 Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Succinic acid 50 mg/l, NPK 125 mg/l, Calcium 100 mg/l, Phytactive Plant 50 mg/l. (1) 10 days after flowering 350,8 ± 4,3 17,2 ± 0,9 13,9 ± 1,3 93,8 5,4 0,4 0,4
Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Bornaic acid 50 mg/l, Cytogummat 200 mg/l, Fitovak 100 mg/l, Magnesium 50 mg/l, (2) When the color starts to enter 373,8 ± 4,3 18,5 ± 0,9 14,4 ± 1,3 93,9 5,4 0,4 0,3
F1 White Currant
1 Untreated (control) 240,4 ± 3,8 18,4 ± 0,9 11,0 ± 1,0 94,3 4,9 0,4 0,4
2 Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Succinic acid 50 mg/l, NPK 125 mg/l, Calcium 100 mg/l, Phytactive Plant 50 mg/l. (1) 10 days after flowering 246,9 ± 3,9 21,3 ± 0,9 12,3 ± 1,0 94,6 4,8 0,5 0,3
3 Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Bornaic acid 50 mg/l, Cytogummat 200 mg/l, Fitovak 100 mg/l, Magnesium 50 mg/l, (2) When the color starts to enter 255,3± 4,0 23,6 ± 1,0 12,6 ± 1,1 95,1 3,9 0,6 0,4
№ Options Average weight of grape head, g The size of a grape head Grape flesh and juice, % Bunch of grape s, % Grape seed pulp, % Rudament seed of grape cluster, %
tall width, cm
F1 Pink Raisin
4 Untreated (control) 226,7 ± 4,1 19,1 ± 1,1 12,6 ± 1,2 94,1 4,7 0,5 0,7
5 Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Succinic acid 50 mg/l, NPK 125 mg/l, Calcium 100 mg/l, Phytactive Plant 50 mg/l. (1) 10 days after flowering 234,5 ± 4,2 22,4 ± 1,1 13,1 ± 1,2 94,3 4,5 0,6 0,6
Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Bornaic acid 50 mg/l, Cytogummat 200 mg/l, Fitovak 100 mg/l, Magnesium 50 mg/l, (2) When the color starts to enter 243,5 ± 4,2 23,4 ± 1,1 14,1 ± 1,2 94,8 4,2 0,6 0,4
In the F1 black raisin variety of grapes, the weight of the grape head was 308.2 ± 4.2 g, the flesh and juice of the grape cluster was 93.6% in the untreated (control) variant, compared to the control variant, the growing Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, succinic acid 50 mg /l, NPK 125 mg/l, Calcium 100 mg/l, Phytactive Plant 50 mg/l. (1) When applied 10 days after flowering, the weight of the grape head is 42.6 g heavy, the flesh and juice are 0.2 high, the grower Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Bornaic acid 50 mg/l, Cytogummate 200 mg/l, Fitovak 100 mg /l, Magnesium 50 mg/l, (2) It was found that the weight of the grapes increased by 65.6% and the amount of flesh and juice of the grapes increased by 0.6%.
In the F1 white raisin variety of grapes, in the untreated (control) variant, the weight of the grape head was 240.4 ± 3.8 g, the flesh and juice of the grape cluster was 94.3%, compared to the control variant, the growing Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, succinic acid 50 mg /l, NPK 125 mg/l, Calcium 100 mg/l, Phytactive Plant 50 mg/l. (1) When applied 10 days after flowering, the weight of the grape head is 6.5 g heavy, the flesh and juice are 0.3 high, the grower Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Bornaic acid 50 mg/l, Cytogummate 200 mg/l, Fitovak 100 mg /l, Magnesium 50 mg/l, (2) It was observed that the weight of the grape head was 14.9 g heavier and the amount of flesh and juice output of the grape cluster was 0.8% higher when it was applied when the color started to enter the composition of the bunches.
In the F1 Pink raisin variety of grapes, in the untreated (control) variant, the weight of the grape head was 226.7 ± 4.1 g, and the flesh and juice of the grape cluster was 94.1%. Compared to the control variant, the grower Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, succinic acid 50 mg/l, NPK 125 mg/l, calcium 100 mg/l, Fitaktiv Plant 50 mg/l. (1) When applied 10 days after flowering, the weight of the grape head is 7.8 g, the flesh and juice are 0.2% higher, the grower Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Bornaic acid 50 mg/l, Cytogummat 200 mg/l, Fitovak 100 mg/l, Magnesium 50 mg/l, (2) It was found that the weight of the grape head is 17.8 g heavier and the amount of flesh and juice output of the grape bunch is 0.7% higher when applied at the beginning of color in the bunches (Table 1).
It can be concluded from the results of the research that the period of application of growing substances to the growing varieties of grapes is highly dependent on the mechanical composition. In the untreated (control) variant, the weight of the grape head was 240.5 g, the Cultivator Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Succinic acid 50 mg/l, NPK 125 mg/l, Calcium 100 mg/l, Fitaktiv Plant 50 mg/l l. (1) When applied 10 days after flowering, 5.0% compared to the control option, when the color of the buds begins to enter, the grower Hosilin extra 25 mg/l, Bornaic acid 50 mg/l, Cytogummate 200 mg/l, Fitovak 100 mg/l, Magnesium When using 50 mg/l substances, it was found to be 23.0% higher than the control option. It is recommended to double the amount of organic and mineral substances in grape-growing farms along with double application of growing substances.
References:
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3. Dospekhov B.A. Methodology polevogo opyta. - M.: Agropromizdat. - 1985. - S. 311-320.
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