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30Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5
educational, natural and social sciences ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ASI Factor = 1.7
DESCRIPTION OF GRAPE VARIETIES GROWN IN UZBEKISTAN
Yuldashev Rakhimjon Tojidinovich, Iminov Ibrokhim Abduragimovich
Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology Senior teachers of the department "Intensive vegetable, horticulture, viticulture and
greenhouses"
ABSTRACT
Getting acquainted with the morphological, biological, economic and commodity-technological characteristics of regionalized grape varieties in Uzbekistan. In addition to studying the description of regionalized varieties, a thorough study of grape growing technology.
Keywords: Grapes, grape varieties, yield, cultivation, morphological features, biological properties, grape cuttings, technology, horticulture.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Узбекистонда районлаштирилган узум навларининг морфологик, биологик, хужалик ва товар - технологик белгилари билан танишиш. Районлаштирилган навлари тафсифини урганишиш билан бир цаторда узум етиштириш технологиясини мукаммал урганишдан иборат.
Калит сузлар: Узум, узум навлари, хосилдорлик, етиштириш, морфологик белгилари, биологик хусусиятлари, узум цаламчалари, технология, боздорчилик.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Знакомство с морфологическими, биологическими, хозяйственными и товарно-технологическими характеристиками районированных сортов винограда Узбекистана. Помимо изучения описания районированных сортов, тщательное изучение технологии выращивания винограда.
Ключевые слова: Виноград, сорта винограда, урожайность, выращивание, морфологические признаки, биологические свойства, черенки винограда, технология, садоводство.
INTRODUCTION
The role and importance of the agricultural sector in ensuring food security of the world's population is growing day by day. Including, using the available resources and opportunities in our country wisely, Guaranteed provision of the population with agricultural products, further increase of productivity and interest, introduction of scientific achievements and modern approaches to the field are urgent issues.
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
Grapes - a vine, a perennial plant, reaching a height of 30-40 m. Fruits vary in variety, type, shape, color and size. Grapes contain 20% sugar and 55% sucrose, 90 mg carotene, 13 mg nicotine and additives, as well as various vitamins. Dozens of grapes are grown in our country.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
There is a growing demand and attention in the world market for varieties of ecologically clean, meaty and nutritious food, seedless grape varieties, as well as varieties of red pure wine. In order to grow and export such grapes and grape products, it is planned to establish new vineyards in Uzbekistan, improve the quality of existing vineyards and varieties.
Grapes are the second most consumed fruit in the world after bananas in terms of sales volume, while global grape sales continue to grow steadily, growing 3.6% annually or $ 336 million.
Another advantage of vine over other fruit plants is that it is easy to propagate, yields in 2-3 years after transplanting, and if well cared for under favorable conditions, it can live for 100 or more years. Can give. Because the vine root system is energetic, it is more resistant to drought. It can also be used in the development of mountain and foothill lands, strengthening sandy soils and jar collars. It can be grown and harvested even in saline, rocky, near groundwater (1-1.5 m), where other fruit trees are more difficult to grow.
Vine is a heat-loving, creeping perennial flowering plant by its biological properties. According to the structure of the current is divided into vegetative and generative organs.
Vegetative organs include roots, stems, leaves, buds, curls, and are important in ensuring their plant life. Through them, water and nutrients are assimilated, and important processes such as photosynthesis, transpiration, and respiration take place. They also perform the functions of growth, vegetative reproduction through stem parts.
Generative (reproductive) organs include inflorescences, flowers, clusters, clusters, and seeds. Through them sexual reproduction takes place. Generative organs stop developing when the fruit ripens. The vine, like other plants, is composed of underground (root and root system) and aboveground (stem) parts.
The collection of grapes of the Uzbek Institute of Botanical Research in Tashkent contains about 1,500 grape varieties. In Uzbekistan, more than 200 local varieties are of special value, mainly khoraki and raisin varieties. Varieties imported
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
from other countries are also grown in the country. The most common are: Transcaucasian varieties - bayan shirey, saperavi, rkatsiteli, tavkveri, hindogni; Cabernet savinson, risling, morastel, sersial, aleatico varieties of western European varieties grow well in Uzbekistan, produce high yields and produce high quality wines.
Vine and raisin varieties of Uzbekistan grow vines and twigs strongly, the leaves are hairless, the branches have low yield and yield coefficients, the vines and clusters are large, the fruits are mostly freshly eaten, raisins are more resistant to cold and fungal diseases.
The vine of the Western European group of vine varieties grows more slowly than the average weak branches, the leaves of most varieties are hairy, the branches have a high coefficient of yield and yield, the heads and stems of grapes are small, the fruit is mainly processed, resistant to frost and disease.
Grape varieties belonging to the Black Sea group grow medium and strong vines and twigs. The leaves are covered with bristle-like hairs, the number of twigs on the twigs is high, the percentage of harvested branches is high, the head and stems of grapes are of medium size, the grape harvest is mainly used in making wine and juices.
Regionalized varieties in Uzbekistan are selected from the best varieties of grapes belonging to the group of eastern, western European and Black Sea coasts.
Climatic conditions of Uzbekistan: abundance of light and heat, long frost-free period, soil fertility allow irrigating the land and growing different varieties of grapes used for various purposes on the farm and ripening early, mid and late ripening grapes. not only satisfies the demand for raw materials, but also allows for the export of fresh grapes, raisins and wine to foreign countries.
A total of 36 grape varieties and 16 wine varieties are regionalized in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
"Tayfi rozovyy" is a grape variety created in Saudi Arabia. Entered the State Register of the Republic in 1959. This variety is late ripening, the stem is large, multi-rusty, fan-shaped, resistant to salt and cold. Grape heads are broadly conical. When the fruit ripens, it turns pink, crunchy. The taste of pomegranate is delicious and slightly bitter. The average weight of the fruit is 390 g. It is large, elongated-cylindrical, fleshy, juicy, dry. From the writing of the bud to the ripening of the fruit the period is 155 days. Moderately resistant to disease and cold. When technically ripe - in October, the sugar content is 22-24%, the acidity is 4-4.5 g / l. Very durable to carry, well kept. The yield is 184.8 ts / ha, the maximum yield is 374.4 ts / ha.
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
"Rizamat" was created at the Samarkand Scientific-Experimental Station of the Research Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture and Enology named after Academician M. Mirzaev. It has been included in the State Register of the Republic since 2006. Designed for high quality, consumption and processing. Early-middle-aged variety, resistant to disease. The tuber is medium, the grapes are large, the average weight is 350-400 g. It is cylindrical in shape, pink in color, large and fleshy, has a crunchy property, the taste value is 5 points. The fruits ripen on July 20-52. Yields are 200250 ts / ha per hectare.
"Kishmish chernyy" is a local variety and has been included in the State Register of the Republic since 1959. It is the best variety for consumption among early maturing varieties in Central Asia. The stems of this variety are tall and the branches grow large and fast. Low resistance to diseases and pests, easily damaged by cercosporiosis and powdery mildew. Grapes are large, average weight 172 g. Shape cylindrical conical, porous, sometimes dense, black in color, fleshy juicy, soft. The taste rating of the fruit at the time of ripening is 8.0 points. The yield is 280.8 ts / ha, the maximum yield is 358.4 ts / ha.
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VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 5 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
"Kishmish Sugdiyona" is a variety bred by breeders K.V. Smirnov and E.P. Created by Pererilitsina by mixing Pobeda and Black Raisin varieties. Medium-ripe raisin variety (late August, early September). The leaves are medium, heart-shaped, five-lobed, dark green. Guli is bisexual. The head of grapes is large, 400-450 g and more, multi-grained, moderately sparse. The buds are large ovoid black, covered with wax (4.5 g). The skin is thin, ripe, fleshy, fragrant. Sugar content is 25-26%, acidity is 6 g / l. Yields 180-200 ts / ha, the bush grows strongly. It is eaten fresh and raisins are prepared.
The vine, like other cultivated plants, reproduces sexually (from seed) and vegetatively. Propagation from seed is mainly used in selection work. In practice it is propagated vegetatively by cuttings, green cuttings, grafting and pruning. When propagated from vine seeds, the character and characteristics of the variety change, often depending on the wild form, yielding late. Sometimes those grown from seed, like some fruit plants, can produce crops close to the cultivars, but later they become identical.
Vine cuttings can be prepared, mainly in the fall, sometimes even before the onset of sap movement in the spring. Vine tubers are prepared in winter burial lands, simultaneously with pruning in autumn, and in non-burial lands in early spring. The length of the cuttings is usually 50-60 cm.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it can be said that grapes are a cure for many diseases with their healing properties. It strengthens the human body in general. At the same time grape juice - helps with shortness of breath (asthma). Grape juice strengthens the heart muscle and increases the amount of nitric oxide in the blood, preventing blood clots and thrombi. Grapes - diuresis and improves the function of the kidneys and gallbladder.
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Ibn Sina's writings describe it as follows: "Grapes calm clients, drive blood, cleanse the breasts and lungs from bad odors"
Grapes contain more than 150 biologically active substances. Depending on the species, it contains up to 20% of sugar, protein, fat, as well as organic acids, various drugs.
The main feature of grapes is the high content of acids. They lightly tickle the airways. Therefore, it facilitates the movement of sputum and relieves cough.
REFERENCES
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