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Msc., Fagu Arben, Sport University Tirana Albania Faculty Physical Activity and recreation E-mail: faguarben@yahoo.com Ikonomi Edison, Doc. Ph D, Sport University Tirana Albania Faculty Science of Movement E-mail: edisikon@yahoo.com
MAXIMUM OXYGEN CONSUMPTION DURING THE PREPARATORY PERIOD OF BASKETBALL
Abstract: In this study we present the progress of the development team VO2max "Partizan-Basket" during the preparatory period of the training process. A total of 20 basketball players involved in this study, with their desire. The data presented are related to some anthropometric measurements (age, weight, height, body mass index, BMI etc.) and measurements of Vo2max on the ergo-metric "Monarch" bicycle. The mean age was 21.0 years old with SD ± 3.55; weight 85.6 kg with SD ± 11.6; height 188.9 cm with SD ± 6.21; body mass percentage 85.65% with SD ± 11.06 and BMI 23.95 with SD ± 3.03 As for maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max) at the first measurement with an average of 3.98 l/min and with SD ± 0.65 and (Vo2 max) 47.45 ml/kg / min and SD ± 6.96. These data were taken at the beginning of the training process of the preparatory period to determine the level of current sports situation, which from the data obtained was relatively low. For this purpose, a genuine program for increasing the level of Vo2max was designed, where basketball players would train for 12 weeks with 2 training sessions per week, with 45-60 minutes with aerobic fitness exercises and mostly running in nature. At the end of the period, a significant improvement was observed from the first measurement to the second and mainly to the Vo2max indicators and specifically: Vo2max in l/ min with an average of 4.34 l/min and an improvement margin of 0.35 l/min. Vo2max in ml/kg/min with an average of 52.15 ml/kg / min and improvement margin 4.69 ml/kg / min. Undoubtedly, the above changes with an increasing improvement in aerobic level indicators constitute a sound basis for the continuity of physical training (engines) in general and other types of training component components in particular, which together converge to the performance of game and consequently on the technical results of the games.
Keywords: max oxygen consumption (Vo2max), basketball, players, anthropometric data.
Introduction later followed by Astrand 1960. In further studies
For several years, different authors have con- the data were enriched and showed correlations
ducted studies on measuring the maximum level and correlations with other indicators such as age,
of oxygen consumption (Vo2max) in various sports sex, inheritance, training experience, refinement of
(in our case in basketball). Such authors and the efficient training methods, and so on [2, 69]. first ones would be mentioned (Robinson 1939),
The absolute level of maximal aerobic capacity calculated by body weight had a significant increase from the measured measurement of 4.69 ml.kg/min or expressed as a percentage increase of 2.44%. If these levels ofVo2max are compared to the elite basketball players, they are low. There are a few reasons for this: selecting the protocol of the exercises that has already changed; sometimes the subjects have been uninformed about the exercises they would perform for this purpose, their methodology, etc. It is also possible to mention when these studies have been conducted in selected subjects and in high-profile aerobic type sports such as marathon athletes, long distance swimming, etc. [3, 124].
In the presented study, the goal has been to increase the oxygen consumption level (O2) from the first to the second measurement to provide a fundamental for the continuation of physical preparation at optimal levels, an ever-increasing performance level of the game in the national basketball competition. We would also add that aerobic power and related variables not only showed a good level of health screening for the basketball players, but also the required increase in the performance level of the engines, especially Vo-2max, of the force and its types, but also speed and coordination skills (agility) etc. [4, 141-142].
Methodology
The tested subjects are 20 basketball players of the "Partizani-Basket" adult team who involved with their approval and desire. They underwent train-
ing sessions for the development of Vo2max for 12 weeks with 2 times a week from 45 to 60 minutes per session, mainly spending 3.5 to 5 km of running with a timing and time change. The preliminary test of the beginning of the training process for this purpose was ergo-metric bicycles (Astrand protocol) with respective indicators for each basketball player. Data on age, weight, height, body mass percentage, BMI, etc. were also obtained as well as the maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max) measured on the ergo-metric "Monarch" bicycle, with Astrand test protocol in the S.U.T. (N.I.CH.S.) laboratory. The total workload test (t w m/min) was 9 min, test time 6 min, heart rate average at 126.4(bpm) and heart rate increase 198.6(bpm) and the average of the correlation factor Vo2max 1.02 and an average of the maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max) of 3.98 (l/min) and the average of Vo2max of47.45 ml.kg/min. Consequently, Vo2max was calculated according to the [1, 81-82] test by measuring oxygen consumption below maximum and accompanied by heart rate. At the end of the preparatory period, a significant improvement was observed from the first measurement to the second and mainly to the Vo2max indicators and specifically: Vo2max in l/min with an average of 4.34 l/min and an improvement margin of 0.35 l/ min. Vo2max in ml/kg/min with an average of 52.15 ml/kg/min and improvement margin 4.69 ml/kg/ min. In summary, these indicators can be seen in the following table:
Table 1.- Comparisons of Vo2max markets. (l/min and ml/kg/ min) from the first measurement to the second
Nr Measurements Average Vo2max (l/min) Standart Deviation Error Standart Average Average Vo (ml/kg/min) Standart Deviation Error Standart Average
1. M. I 3.987 0.488 0.10 47.459 6.964 1.557
2. M. II 4.345* 0.659 0.14 52.154* 7.226 1.615
3. Difference 0.358 0.171 0.04 4.695* 0.262 0.058
Results
The mean age was 21.0 years old with SD ± 3.55; weight 85.6 kg with SD ± 11.6; height 188.9 cm with SD ± 6.21; body mass percentage 85.65% with
SD ± 11.06 and BMI 23.95 with SD ± 3.03. In terms of maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max. L/min) in the first measurement with an average of 3.98 l/ min and with SD ± 0.65 and (Vo2max.ml / kg / min)
47.45 ml/kg/min with SD ± 6.96. These data relate to the start of the training process of the preparatory period to determine the current level of sports status, which from the data obtained was relatively low. For this purpose, a genuine program for raising the level of Vo2max was designed, where basketball players would train for 12 weeks with 2 training sessions per week, with 45-60 minutes with aerobic fitness exercises and mostly running in nature, swimming, etc. [5, 271]. At the end of the period, a significant improvement was observed from the first measurement to the second and mainly to the Vo2max indicators and specifically:
The t-test results for the dependent variable "Vo-2max" (l/min) showed a statistically significant difference between the first and second measurements. We conclude that a higher average was detected in the second measurement and the t-test results show that a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) is tested between measurements for the dependent variable. The t-test results for the dependent variable "Vo2max" (ml.kg/min) showed a statistically significant difference between the first and the second measurements. Consequently, a higher average was detected in the second measurement and t-test results show that a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) is tested between measurements for the dependent variable. We conclude that improvement is only for Vo2max.
Discussion
If we refer to the first measurement at the beginning of the training process with respect to Vo2max,
Vo2max in l/min with an average of 4.34 l/min and an improvement margin of 0.35 l/min. Vo2max in ml/kg /min with an average of 52.15 ml/kg/min and improvement margin 4.69 ml/kg/min. Undoubtedly, the above changes with an increasing improvement in aerobic level indicators constitute a sound basis for the continuity of physical performance (motors) in general and other types of training components in particular, which together converge to the performance of game and consequently on the technical results of the sensations. The dependent t-test results are briefly reflected in the following:
basketball players "Partizan-Basket" resulted in low values from a mean of Vo2max to (l/min ) 3.98 with standard deviation (SD) 48 of standard error of average of 0.1. The low scores also match the technical results of matches in the classification of national teams, where "Partizani-basket" was ranked of the end at last season. For this purpose, a detailed curriculum was developed where physical preparation or physical fitness, and in particular the improvement of Vo2max as the starting point for any physical activity, or rather a competitive national team, developed in the pre-start of this new competition. Thus, a 12-week training session of 2 times a week with a duration of 45-60 minutes was held to develop and improve Vo2max. After the completion of the second measurements, which resulted positive, partly in the anthropometric data and with significant values of Vo2max (l/min) with an aver-
Table 2.- Results of t-test indicators
Nr Measur. t-test
Average change Standart Deviation Error Standart Average
1. 0.35750* 0.52990 0.11849
2. 4.69550* 4.14035 0.92581
Nr Measur. t-test
Confidence Interval 95% t Df. Sig (2-tailed)
Lower limit Upper limit
1. 0.10950 0.60550 3.017 19 0.007
2. V°2max.(ml/kg//min) 2.75776 6.63324 5.072 19 0.000
age of 4.34 l/min and the standard deviation mean (SD) 0.65 and standard error of 1.47. If we take the Vo2max (ml.kg/min) it resulted 52.15 ml/kg/min, with a mean improvement of 4.69 ml.kg/min from the first measurement or the average of 0.35 l/min the difference from the first measurement to the second. These results created the belief that on their basis could be performed on the other performance indicators motors, strength, skill, speed, etc. Related to the other components of the training process such as technical, tactical, psychological etc.
Conclusions
- Vo2max is the basis of any physical activity on which a successful sports performance can be established, as our study showed in this team that had increased results;
- Vo2max provides a progress in addressing the training loads without causing trauma and providing a good health which was observed in the conduct of systematic frequency of training sessions [6, 188];
- Also, besides aerobic training, it is necessary to co-ordinate work at the same time for the education and development of other motor performance skills such as strength, speed, agility and stretching.
References:
1. Astrand P. O., Aerobic work capacity in men and women with special reference to age. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica (Suppl) 1960.- P. 81-82.
2. Astrand P. O., & Rodahl K. Textbook of Work Physiology. In Evaluation of Physical Work Capacity on the Basis of Tests. McGraw-Hill Co. New York; 1977.- 69 p.
3. Baechle T. R., Earle R. W. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. 3rd ed. NSCA (US). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; - v. 6. 2008.- 124 p.
4. Boulay M. R., Simoneau J. A., Lortie G., Bouchard C. Monitoring high-intensity endurance exercise with heart rate and thresholds. Medicine of Science in Sports and Exercise.- v. 3, 29, 1997.- P. 141-142.
5. Helgerud J., Hoydal K., Wang E., et al. Aerobic high-intensity intervals improve Vo2max more than moderate training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise; 39, 2007.- 271 p.
6. Kraemer W.J., Ratamess N. A. Fundamentals of resistance training: Progression and exercise prescription. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise; 36, 2004.- 188 p.
