CC BY
2УДК 8.80 Научная статья
ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ В КАЗАХСКОМ
ЯЗЫКЕ
Байсеитова А.Ж., Сатпаева Ж.А., Есенаман А.Р., Ермек А.
Кокшетауский университет имени Абая Мырзахметова (г. Кокшетау, Республика Казахстан)
Аннотация. В статье представлен обзор истории изучения числительного. Известно, что современная казахская лингвистика занимает определенное место в трудах ученык, начиная с тюркоязымнык ученых. В последние годы было более широкое рассмотрение названия числительнык, и они стали более распространенными. Это можно увидеть в обзоре исследования рассмотренной в этой статье. В связи с этим мы можем сказать, что было проведено различие между словами, используемыми вместо цифр, и действительными числительными.
Числительные являются самостоятельной частью речи в современном казахском языке и относятся к группе имен существительных. В связи с этим числительное является определенным самостоятельным членом в предложении и выполняет определенную функцию. Если мы посмотрим на исследования, то с точки зрения значения, числительное делится на шесть групп. Что касается происхождения, то числительные - это слова, которые существуют с древних времен. Общие цифры появились в связи с потребностью в развитии человечества. Числительные в настоящее время считаются одним из частей речи, которые были детально изучены и нашли свое место в лингвистике. Есть информация о том, как в разное время рассматривались семантические типы числительнык, употребляемых в современном казахском языке.
Ключевые слова: числительное, определение, семантическая группа, морфологический признак, часть речи, современный казахский язык, категория слов, характеристика числительнык, происхождение числительнык
Для цитирования: Байсеитова, А.Ж. Лексико-грамматическая история числительных в казахском языке / А.Ж. Байсеитова, Ж.А. Сатпаева, А.Р. Есенаман, А. Ермек //Наука и реальность. - 2023. - № 4(16). - С. 62-65.
LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL HISTORY OF NUMERALS IN THE KAZAKH
LANGUAGE
Baiseitova A.Zh., Satpayeva Zh.A., Yesenaman A.R., Ermek A.
Abai Myrzakhmetov Kokshetau University (Kokshetau, Kazakhstan)
Annotation: The article provides an overview of the history of the study of the numeral. It is known that modern Kazakh linguistics occupies a place in the works of scientists, starting with Turkic-speaking scientists. In recent years, a broader consideration of the name of numerals has become more common. It can be seen in the review of the study. In this regard, we can say that a distinction has been made between words used instead of numerals and real numerals. Numerals are an independent class of words in the modern Kazakh language and belong to the group of noun words. In connection with this, the numeral is a certain independent member in the sentence and performs a certain function. If we look at the studies, in terms of meaning, the numeral is divided into six groups. As for the origin, numerals are words that have been around since ancient times. Common figures appeared due to the need in the development of mankind. Numerals are currently considered one of the word classes that have been studied in detail and have found their place in linguistics. The article presents scientists ' definitions of names and names for different years. There is information about how the semantic types of numerals used in the modern Kazakh language were considered in different times.
Keywords: numeral, definition, semantic group, numeral, morphological character, part of speech, modern Kazakh language, category of words, character of numbers, origin of numerals.
Numerals are an independent class of words in the modern Kazakh language and belong to the group of noun words. In connection with this, the numeral is a certain independent member in the sentence and performs a certain function. If we look at the studies, in terms of meaning, the numeral is divided into six groups. As for the origin, numerals are words that have been around since ancient times. Common figures appeared due to the need in the development of mankind. Numerals are currently considered one of the word classes that have been studied in detail and have found their place in linguistics. The article presents scientists ' definitions of names and names for different years. There is information about how the semantic types of nouns used in the modern Kazakh language were considered in different times.
This definition was given in the textbook of S. M. Isaev «Modern Kazakh language» in 2007. This work contains materials of scientific works and teaching aids published in different years in the field of grammar morphology. The numeral name was considered as a separate word class due to its semantic and grammatical nature [1, 220].
In the «Grammar of the Kazakh language» of 1967, the field of morphology is analyzed in detail. Each word class is characterized by the features of suffixes and morphological categories that give rise to the word and form. In this work, the numeral name is considered in detail in terms of its lexical-semantic and morphological nature [2, 68]. The semantic groups are highlighted separately. In 1986, G.Aidarov's work «The language of ancient Turkic written monuments» focused in detail on the linguistic features of ancient Turkic written monuments. Provides a scientific analysis of the distinctive features and linguistic differences of each monument. Numerals in Uyghur written monuments are divided into groups according to their meaning and indicate their origin. [3, 16].
In 2003, an article by S. K. Kasymova «The world of Sacred nouns» was published. This article deals with the numbers «seven», «nine», «twelve», «forty». Various examples show the special place of these numbers in our people and traditions [4, 8].
«Historical grammar of the Kazakh language» by M. Tomanov in 2010 can be called. In
this textbook, the development of the grammatical structure of the Kazakh language is revealed through research materials based on the modern language, monuments of the VII-XVI centuries, related Turkic languages and Kazakh folklore [5,12]. Compares the origin of numerals with inscriptions on monuments and numerals in other Turkic languages. It is also worth noting that the numbers in the Kazakh language, along with the numbers that have existed since time immemorial, come from other languages.
In 2011, the work of Zh.Musin «Problems of Kazakh philology» was published. In this work, numerals are not considered separately, it is mentioned in the Section «Other classes of words». It is divided into two different groups of numerals in the ancient Turkic language, indicating the suffixes of the formation of South Africa [6, 103].
We can look at the history of the study of the numeral and sort out the grammatical features characteristic of the numeral. Also, as a result of the study, it is possible to distinguish semantic, composite groups of numerals. We can see this in the results below.
When studying manuscripts in the Turkic languages, the grammar of the numeral did not go unnoticed. Among them, it is possible to mention scientists-Turkologists. For example, in the works of N. I. Ilminsky, A. Kazambek, M. Terentyev, P. Melioransky, V. V. Katarinsky, S. V. Yastemersky, N. F. Katanov, the numeral was considered as a separate part of speech.
Based on the research of these Turkologists, we can conclude that most of the numerals found in the Orkhon-Yensei writings written in the V-VIII century are used in modern Turkic languages. It can also be noted that numerals in the language of monuments were recognized as one of the most established forms of speech back in that era.
The father of Kazakh linguistics, Akhmet Baitursynov, in a textbook written in 1915, divides them into three types: quantitative, ordinal and fractional.
A. Iskakov gives the following definition of the morphological specificity of numerals. «Since the main function of the numeral is the function of definition, it is constantly used before defining words, but does not undergo any morphological changes. Consequently, when numerals are used in the sense of numerical, quantitative, which is considered a natural and basic function, they are pronounced only in the form of a name and are not modified» [6, 272].
A. Iskakov points out two different ways that are formed by addition and multiplication of compound numerals:
1) the composition of complex numbers formed from individual numbers is made up by adding another number over one number, that is, by adding the next necessary number (connector) over a certain number (connector). Such complex numerals were recognized in calculating the sum of simple (single) compound numbers compiled according to a certain system. For example: individual numerals in the composition of complex numerals eleven, one hundred eight, nine hundred and ninety-nine are formed by adding to a certain number - ten, one hundred, nine hundred numbers of other numbers - one, eight, ninety-nine.
2) the composition of complex numbers from single numbers is made up by multiplying one number by another, that is, by multiplying, multiplying a certain number by another necessary number. Such complex numbers are accepted in the calculation of the product of a certain multiplicative number and multiplicative numbers and must be recognized as such. For example: two hundred, nine thousand are separate numbers contained in complex numerals, composed not by adding each other, but by multiplication, that is, by multiplying (multiplying) the numbers one hundred, thousand by two, nine [7,193-194].
As can be seen from these studies, the numeral has its own history of study. From the works that studied the Turkic languages, the name San began to be considered as a separate word class. From the works of N.I. Ilminskiy, V.V. Katarinsky, P.M. Melioransky, Soviet Turkologists
considered comprehensively. In Kazakh linguistics, it began with the manuals of A. Baitursynov and continued. In particular, the works of N. Sauranbayev, M. Balakayev, I. Kenesbayev, G. Musabayev, A. Iskakov, N. Oralbayeva and others are found in the works of scientists. B. In Khasenov's work, the numeral was the object of Special Research. Due to its study in different years, it is currently considered one of the independent word classes that have found a consistent system.
Bibliography
1. Isaev S. M. modern Kazakh language. Morphology. - Almaty: Art, 2007 - 340 p.
2. Grammar of the Kazakh language. - Almaty: Science,1967. - 263 pages.
3. Aidarov G. The language of ancient Turkic written monuments. - Almaty: School, 1986. - 182 pages.
4. Shahmaran G. P. semantic features of works made of numeral words in the Kazakh language. - Almaty, 1998.
5. Sarbasova G. A. ethnolinguistic character of folk dimension names in the Kazakh and Turkish languages. - Almaty, 2010.
6. Musin. Problems of Kazakh philology. - Kokshetau, - 2011. - 568 p.
7. Khasanova S. Sh. ancient Turkic and Arabic writings. Almaty, 1994. - 445p.
Байсеитова Айгуль Жайляубаевна, магистр пед. наук, Кокшетауский университет им.А.Мырзахметова (г. Кокшетау, Республика Казахстан).
: bayseitoval4@mail.ru
Сатпаева Жанылсын Асылбековна, старший преподаватель, Кокшетауский университет им.А.Мырзахметова, (г. Кокшетау, Республика Казахстан).
: satpaev2006@mail.ru
Есенаман Айгерим, магистр филологических наук преподаватель, Кокшетауский университет им.А.Мырзахметова, (г. Кокшетау, Республика Казахстан).
: e.aiya.r@mail.ru
Ермек Асем, студентка экологического факультета, Кокшетауский университет имени Абая Мырзахметова (г. Кокшетау, Республика Казахстан).
Дата поступления: 02.11.2023
© Байсеитова А.Ж. Сатпаева Ж.А., Есенаман А.Р., Ермек А., 2023
