CC BY
7
Y^K: 05.21.01
Adilov Z.X., t.f.n., candidate of science
professor
Tashkent institute of architecture and civil engineering
Akromova M.S. master
Tashkent institute of architecture and civil engineering LANDSCAPE SOLUTIONS ABOUT HIGHWAYS
Annotation: The article describes the possibilities of landscape engineering - the effectiveness of the sanitary function of green crops through ecologically biologically correct design, the creation of landscape architecture in roadside areas through the use of local and climatic plants suitable for the territory of the republic.
Key words: landscaping, highways, ornamental plants, landscape design, sandy, soils.
Today, one of the problems of the day - street and road works for the organization of a scientific basis. The scale of landscaping is a testament to the culture of living of the population.
Demographic research has shown that the quality of the people came and settled in places, and this is where they rarely move.
In order to beautify and plant greenery around international and state and regional roads and railways of the country, to create roadside parks and windbreaks, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 11, 2018-2020, roads, including public roads and a street greening program was adopted.
International, national and regional importance of the republic roads, residential areas, cities, towns, villages and rural landscape - the main tool to beautify these places.
Improvement of roads is mainly roadside protection, which protects the road from erosion, creates a favorable climate and hygienic conditions that ensure traffic safety.
These crops are planted in the plains of the relief, by row planting, the number of rows is determined by the width of the roadside. Multi-row crops created on the border of agricultural crops simultaneously serve as protective barriers to the field. In the hilly parts of the road, mainly trees and shrubs are placed. Rows of fences are of special importance on the roads of the southern regions of Uzbekistan.
However, a series of crops of the same type exhausts the driver of the vehicle. In order to ensure road safety, it is possible to establish a group of
ornamental trees, a group of shrubs and their mixed crops among the row crops. In the part of the road, row bushes, groups of shrubs, low trees, flowers are planted. Borders, green barriers or concrete walls will be built to limit it. Trees in the partition are planted on lawns (on the lawn).
Row crops at the back of bus stops; and on both sides of the station -separate or grouped crops of trees and shrubs are created.
Where possible, rabats will be placed in front of the station. Where there is an open area, small trees of one or more species are planted. These places are adapted for recreation.
Crops reduce the accumulation of carbon dioxide on streets with heavy traffic [1,2]. R.A. According to Babayants, at a distance of 2-2.6 km from a large chemical plant, birch, ash, birch, oak trees have dried up to 75-100%, while apple, willow, jasmine and poplar leaves have been damaged by 30-75%.
Atmospheric air is also polluted by incomplete combustion of fuel -powder hydrocarbon compounds. In the human respiratory tract, 13 to 48% of the mixture is retained in the air [3]. The rest of the toxins pass into the human internal organs, leading to poisoning of the body.
High air pollution is observed in the summer in the settlements of Uzbekistan. This is due to the peculiar physical properties of yellow, sandy soils and the influence of garmsel- cataract winds blowing in the sands that cover the oases. Green crops improve air circulation in the city streets and allow it to be cleaned.
As a result of complete landscaping, the air is almost completely cleaned of dust. At the same time, phytoncides released from plants reduce harmful microbes in the air by 40-50% [3,4]. Even if the trees do not have leaves during the winter months, they are important in protecting them from dust. Along with other additional measures to ensure clean air - measures to prevent the spread of industrial waste, it is also important to improve the streets. In the summer it is necessary to wash the dust from the leaves of trees and shrubs frequently, otherwise the crops may gradually perish.
By studying the dust protection properties of this or that type of tree and shrub, it is possible to achieve a high protective effect if they are selected and placed correctly.
Through engineering and ecologically-biologically correct design, the efficiency of the sanitary function of the work of green crops is ensured. The direction of the wind, the type, height and composition of the emissions into the atmosphere, chemical and physical properties must be taken into account when constructing green sanitary plantations.
The structure, width, height and composition of tree species of crops are closely related to these indicators. Large-branched, hairy, wrinkled, rough, uneven-leaved tree species (oak, elm, mulberry, black walnut, white poplar, maple, small-leaved jiida, barberry, catalpa, soap tree, carcass, etc.) holds well.
Similarly, they absorb and assimilate toxic chemical compounds, especially carbon dioxide [5,6].
Conifers retain more dust than deciduous trees. In autumn, snowless winters and early spring, when a lot of dust accumulates in the settlements, the importance of deciduous trees is great, because at this time there are no leaves of deciduous trees.
Since tall-growing oak, Sephora, ail ant, elm, and ash trees have large leaf surfaces, green massifs made of them provide good protection of the atmosphere from transport-industrial wastes and dust.
Dust accumulated on the surface of plant leaves contains particles of the following heavy metals and trace elements: lead, iron, titanium, copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, manganese and others. The largest scattered around large enterprises (by ash volume) contain 37.9% iron, 15.3% aluminum, 2.7% copper,
0.9. titanium, 0.8% manganese and 0.2% lead. As a result of damage to the atmosphere and soil by heavy metal residues, their accumulation in plants is observed, as the leaves, stems and roots of plants have the property of accumulating these substances. Plants, especially those that grow in sandy soils, absorb and accumulate metal residues through the root system at an extremely high rate. The amount of ash in the leaves of plants in such soils increases by one and a half to two times, and is 13-17%. That's it therefore, it is advisable to build forest reserves around and near large industrial enterprises and highways.
Coniferous trees are plants that absorb heavy metals and trace elements (spruce, pine, willow, camel), which serve as indicators of air pollution, as they indicate the presence of necrosis in the body and the shedding of needles in the air of excessive toxic compounds.
For this reason, in the regions, perpendicular trees are planted, which impede the direction of the wind, and in cities - wide green alleys serve as ventilation corridors.
References:
1. Z. Adilov, Z. Matniyozov The Proposals Of Landscape Solutions For Highways Environment // International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research (IJSTR) ISSN 2277-8616 Volume 9, Issue 04, April 2020. -P. 31103114. (Scopus journal)
2. A. S. Uralov, L. A. Adilova. Landscape architecture. Cholpon Publishing House. Tashkent - 2014. 382 p.
3. Dosaxmetov A. O. Landscaping of residential areas. Text of lectures. Tashkent, Tashkent State Agrarian University, 2001.
4. N. Y. Krizhanovskaya. The basics of landscape design. Rostov-on-Don "Phoenix" 2005. 205 p.
5. Michael A. Dirr Dirr,s Hardy Trees and Shrubs /An illustrated encyclopedia. - Naneteench printing, 2005, Hong Kong. ISBN 0-88192-404-0 292 p.
