22JANUBIY FARG'ONA AGROTSENOZLARI TUNLAM KAPALAKLARI (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) FAUNASI VA EKOLOGIK
XUSUSIYATLARI
Janubiy Farg'ona xududining agrosenozlarida tunlam kapalaklar (Noctuidae) oilasining 28 avlodiga mansub 50 ta turlari uchraydi. Tunlam kapalaklarning 10 ta turi bahorgi-yozgi, 9 ta tur bahorgi-kuzgi, 2 ta tur erta yozgi, 3 ta tur polisiklik, 9 ta tur yozgi, 11 ta tur kapalaklar yozgi-kuzgi ekologik guruhlarga mansub. Janubiy Farg'ona tunlam kapalaklarining 16 ta yoki 32 % ni mezofillar, 13 ta yoki 26 % ni evribiontlar, 13 ta yoki 26 % ni gemikserofillar, 8 ta yoki 16 % ni gigrofillar tashkil etadi. Tunlam kapalaklarning ozuqaga ixtisoslashuviga ko'ra 60 % turlari polifaglardan iborat. Oligofaglarning tur soni 15 ta bo'lib, ulushi 30 % ni tashkil etadi. Monofaglar esa 5 ta turdan iborat bo'lib, faunadagi ulushi 10 % ga teng.
Kalit so'zlar: Janubiy Farg'ona, agrotsenoz, kapalak, polifag, oligofag, monofag, mezofil, evribiont, gemikserofil, gigrofil.
In the agrocenoses of South Fergana, there are 50 species belonging to 28 genera of the Noctuidae family. 10 species of butterflies belong to the springsummer, 9 species to the spring-autumn, 2 species to the early summer, 3 species to the polycyclic, 9 species to the summer, 11 species to the summer-autumn ecological group. 16 (32%) butterflies are mesophiles, 13 (26%) are eurybionts, 13 (26%) are hemixirophiles, and 8 (16%) are hygrophiles. 60% of butterfly species are polyphages in food specialization. There are 15 types of oligophages, with a share of 30%. Monophages consist of 5 species with a share of 10% in the fauna.
Keywords: South Fergana, agrocenosis, butterfly, polyphage, oligophage, monophage, mesophile, eurybiont, hemixerophile, hygrophile.
KIRISH
Tangachaqanotli hasharotlar (Lepidoptera) turkumining
Elyor Arabboyevich Botirov
Farg'ona davlat universiteti, o'qituvchi [email protected]
ANNOTATSIYA
ABSTRACT
tunlam kapalaklar (Noctuidae) oilasi 12 mingga yaqin turlarga
May, 2022
ega bo'lib, hasharotlar sinfining eng ko'p turga ega oilalaridan hisoblanadi [2]. Mazkur hasharotlar mamlakatimiz faunasida ham alohida ahamiyatga ega bo'lib, ular orasida tabiiy landshaftlar hamda antropogen ekotizimlarni afzal ko'radigan o'ziga xos ixtisoslashgan guruxlar, shuningdek, o'ta plastik evribiontlar va keng polifaglar, shu jumladan qishloq xo'jaligi ekinlarining jiddiy zararkunandalari mavjud. Dunyo olimlarining iqlim o'zgarishi oqibatlarini o'rganish bo'yicha zarakunanda tangchaqanotlilar misolida o'tkazgan tadqiqotlari natijalari, kelgusida fitofag hasharotlarni geografik mintaqalar bo'ylab jadal tarqalishi va arealining kengayishini hamda hayot siklidagi o'zgarishlar sababli, avlodlari sonining ortishini bashorat qilmoqda[8]. Shundan kelib chiqib, Farg'ona vodiysi agrosenozlari strukturasi hamda entomofunasi tarkibida, shuningdek, ozuqa zanjirida sodir bo'layotgan o'zgarishlarni kompleks o'rganish, zararkunanda turlar populyasiya zichligining mavsumiy hamda ko'p yillik o'zgarishlarini bashorat qilish bo'yicha tizimli tadqiqotlarni amalga oshirish dolzarb ilmiy-amaliy ahamiyat kasb etadi.
ADABIYOTLAR TAHLILI VA METODOLOGIYA
Janubiy Farg'ona agrosenozlarining tunlam kapalaklari faunasi kompleks o'rganilmagan. Xususan, X.Mustofoqulovning ishlarida (1992) Farg'ona vodiysida g'o'za, tamaki va shaftoli bog' agrosenozlari asosiy zararkunandalari hisoblangan g'o'za tunlami hamda kuzgi tunlamni miqdor zichligini entomofaglar vositasida boshqarish uslublari yoritib berilgan. A.Jabborov tomonidan (1997) Farg'ona vodiysida karam va tomat agrosenozlari asosiy zararkunandalarining ekologiyasini o'rganish bo'yicha olib borilgan tadqiqotlarda, tangachaqanotli hasharotlardan g'o'za tunlamining bioekologik xususiyatlari o'rganilib, miqdor zichligini boshqarishning ilmiy asoslari bayon etilgan. Markaziy Farg'onaning sabzovot-poliz ekinlari entomofaunasini o'rganishga bag'ishlangan tadqiqotlarida sabzavot-poliz ekinlarida zararkunanda tangachaqanotlilarning 4 oilasiga mansub 29 turi, shu jumladan, tunlam kapalaklarning 23 turi uchrashligi qayd etilgan [1]. Shuningdek, tangachaqanotli hasharotlarni o'rganishga oid so'nggi tadqiqotlarda Farg'ona vodiysi agroekotizimlarida tangachaqanotli hasharotlar (Lepidoptera) turkumining 26 oilasiga mansub 119 avlodini 161 tur va 1 kenja turi qayd etilgan [5; 6; 7].
Janubiy Farg'onaning tunlam kapalaklari faunasini o'rganish ishlari 2019-2022 yillar davomida Quvasoy shahri, Quva, Farg'ona, So'x tumanlari hududlaridagi agrosenozlarda olib borildi. Kapalaklarni yig'ish asosan kechalari, tungi yoritgichli moslama yordamida amalga oshirildi.
Yig'ilgan kapalaklarni har bir turining erkak va urg'ochi
May, 2022
individlaridan 2 tadan na'munasi ajratib olinib, kolleksiya tayyorlandi. Yig'ilgan materiallarni aniqlashda entomologik aniqlagichlar va elektron kataloglardan foydalanildi [3; 4; 9].
Na'munalar Farg'ona vodiysining janubiy sarhadlari bo'ylab Quva tumani Karkidon suv ombori atrofi (40°27'03"N, 72°03'32"E), Quvasoy shahri Kokilon (40°18'21"N, 71°54'40"E), Chinortagi qishloqlari (40°17'55"N, 71°57'18"E), Farg'ona tumani Vodil (40°10'26"N, 71°43'39"E), Satkak (40°24'41"N, 71°41'49"E), Chimyon (40°15'22"N, 71°33'23"E) qishloqlari, So'x tumani Qizilqiyoq (39°56'42"N, 71°5'53"E), Sarikanda (39°56'55"N, 71°7'48"E) qishlog'ining axoli tomorqalari va fermer xo'jaliklaridagi malina, makkajo'xori, jo'xori, beda, loviya, mosh, no'xot, soya, yer yong'oq, g'o'za, kartoshka, pomidor, shirin qalampir, karam kabi ekinzorlar va olxo'ri, olma, nok, shaftoli kabi mevali bog'lardan yig'ildi.
NATIJALAR
Olib borilgan tadqiqotlar natijalari asosida Janubiy Farg'ona xududining agrosenozlarida tunlam kapalaklar (Noctuidae) oilasining 28 avlodiga mansub 50 ta turlari qayd etildi. Har bir turning taksonomik o'rni, mavsumiy aspekti, ozuqa ixtisosligi va ekologik tasnifi o'rganildi (1-jadval).
1-jadval
Janubiy Farg'ona agrotsenozlari tunlam kapalaklarining tur tarkibi va muhim _ekologik xususiyatlari__
№ Lotincha nomi Mavsumiy aspekti Ekologik guruhi Ozuqa ixtisosligi
Agrotis Ochsenheimer, 18 »16 avlodi
1. Agrotis segetum Denis.et Schiff 1775 Bahorgi-yozgi Gigrofil Polifag
2. Agrotis exclamationis Linnaeus, 1758 Erta yozgi Evribiont Polifag
3. Agrotis obesa Boisduval, 1829 Kuzgi Mezofil Polifag
4. Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel, 1766 Bahorgi-yozgi Evribiont Polifag
5. Agrotis xanthographa Denis.et Schiff.,1775 Bahorgi-yozgi Gemikserofil Polifag
6. Agrotis crassa Hübner, 1803 Yozgi-kuzgi Mezofil Polifag
7. Agrotis clavis Hufnagel, 1766 Erta yozgi Mezofil Monofag
May, 20221
1278
Acronic ta Ochsenheimer, 1 816 avlodi
8. Acronicta psi Linnaeus, 1758 Yozgi Gemikserofil Oligofag
Mamestra Ochsenheimer, 816 avlodi
9. Mamestra brassicae Linnaeus, 1758 Bahorgi-yozgi Evribiont Onura^ar
10. Mamestra suasa Schiffermuller, 1776 Yozgi-kuzgi Mezofil Polifag
11. Mamestra oleracea Linnaeus, 1758 Yozgi-kuzgi Evribiont Polifag
Oria Hubner, 1821 avlodi
12. Oria musculosa Hübner, 1808 Mezofil Oligofag
Xestia Hubner, 1Í $18 avlodi
13. Xestia c-nigrum Linnaeus, 1758 Yozgi-kuzgi Evribiont Polifag
Diachrysia Hubner, 1821 avlodi
14. Diachrysia chrysitis Linnaeus, 1758 Yozgi-kuzgi Mezofil Polifag
Euxoa Hubner, 1821 avlodi
15. Euxoa agrícola Boisduval, 1829 Yozgi Evribiont Polifag
16. Euxoa tritici Linnaeus, 1761 Yozgi-kuzgi Evribiont Polifag
17. Euxoa cursoria Hufnagel, 1766 Yozgi-kuzgi Gemikserofil Oligofag
18. Euxoa temera Hubner, 1808 Kuzgi Gemikserofil Oligofag
Aporophyla Guenee, 184 1 avlodi
19. Aporophyla nigra Haworth, 1809 Kuzgi Mezofil Oligofag
Ochropleura Hubner, 1821avlodi
20. Dichagyris flammatra Denis.et Schiff, 1775 Bahorgi-yozgi Mezofil Oligofag
Helicoverpa Hardwick, 1965 avlodi
21. Helicoverpa armigera Hubner, 1808 Bahorgi-yozgi Evribiont Polifag
Autographa Hubner, 1821 avlodi
22. Autographa gamma Linnaeus, 1758 Bahorgi-yozgi Evribiont Polifag
Heliothis Ochsenheimer, 1816 avlodi
23. Heliothis viriplaca Hufnagel, 1766 Polisiklik Mezofil Polifag
May, 20221
1279
24. Heliothis nubigera Herrich-Schaffer, 1851 Bahorgi - kuzgi Gemikserofil Polifag
25. Heliothis peltigera Schiffermuller, 1775 Bahorgi - kuzgi Mezofil Polifag
26. Heliothis maritima Graslin, 1855 Yozgi Mezofil Polifag
Schinia Hubner, 1823 avlodi
27. Schinia scutosa Schiff, 1775 Yozgi-kuzgi Mezofil Monofag
Hadula Staudinger, 1889 avlodi
28. Anarta trifolii Hufnagel, 1766 Bahorgi - kuzgi Gemikserofil Oligofag
Noc tua Linnaeus, 1758 avlodi
29. Noctua orbona Hufnagel, 1766 Bahorgi - kuzgi Gemikserofil Polifag
30. Noctuapronuba Linnaeus, 1758 Bahorgi - kuzgi Gemikserofil Polifag
Spodoptera Guenee, 1852 avlodi
31. Spodoptera exigua Hubner, 1808 Yozgi-kuzgi Gemikserofil Polifag
32. Hydraecia micacea Esper, 1789 Bahorgi - kuzgi Gemikserofil Polifag
Syngrapha Hubner, 1821 avlodi
33. Syngrapha circumflexa Linnaeus, 1767 Polisiklik Evribiont Polifag
Lacanobia Billberg, 1820 avlodi
34. Lacanobia oleracea Linnaeus, 1758 Polisiklik Gigrofil Polifag
35. Lacanobia suasa Denis.et Schiff 1775 Bahorgi - kuzgi Gigrofil Polifag
Leucania Ochsenheimer,1 816 avlodi
36. Leucania loreyi Duponchel, 1827 Polisiklik Gigrofil Oligofag
37. Leucania zeae Duponchel, 1827 Yozgi Mezofil Oligofag
Mythimna Ochsenheimer, 816 avlodi
38. Mythimna vitellina Hubner 1827 Bahorgi-yozgi Gigrofil Oligofag
39. Mythimna l-album Linnaeus, 1767 Yozgi Gigrofil Oligofag
40. Mythimna unipuncta Haworth, 1809 Polisiklik Gigrofil Polifag
Sesamia Guenee in Boisduval & Guenee, 1852 avlodi
(i ©
May, 20221
1280
41. Sesamia cretica Lederer, 1857 Polisiklik Polifag
Cosmia Ochsenheimer, 18 H6 avlodi
42. Cosmia pyralina Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 Yozgi Mezofil Polifag
43. Calymnia subtilis Staudinger, 1888 Bahorgi - kuzgi Mezofil Monofag
Acronic ta Ochsenheimer, 1 816 avlodi
44. Acronicta rumicis Linnaeus, 1758 Bahorgi-yozgi Gemikserofil Polifag
Apamea Ochsenheimer, 1 816 avlodi
45. Apamea anceps Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 Yozgi Evribiont Oligofag
Amphipoea Billberg, 1820 avlodi
46. Amphipoea fucosa Freyer, 1830 Yozgi-kuzgi Evribiont Oligofag
Mesapamea Heinicke, 1959 avlodi
47. Mesapamea secalis Linnaeus, 1758 Yozgi Mezofil Monofag
Macdunnoughia Kostrowicki, 1961 avlodi
48. Phytometra confusa Stephens, 1850 Yozgi Gigrofil Polifag
Acontia Hubner, 1821 avlodi
49. Emmelia trabealis Scopoli, 1763 Bahorgi - kuzgi Gemikserofil Monofag
50. Acontia luctuosa Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 Yozgi-kuzgi Gemikserofil Oligofag
MUHOKAMA
Janubiy Farg'ona sharoitida tunlam kapalaklarning mavsumiy aspektlar bo'yicha taqsimlanishi tahlil etilganda, 10 ta tur kapalaklar (Oria musculosa, Dichagyris flammatra, Agrotis segetum, Agrotis ípsilon, Agrotis xanthographa, Mamestra brassicae, Helicoverpa armigera, Autographa gamma, Mythimna vitellina, Acronicta rumicis) bahorgi-yozgi ekologik guruhga, 9 ta tur kapalaklar (Heliothis nubigera, Heliothis peltigera, Anarta trifolii, Noctua orbona, Noctua pronuba, Hydraecia micacea, Lacanobia suasa, Calymnia subtilis, Emmelia trabealis) bahorgi-kuzgi, 2 ta tur kapalak (Agrotis exclamationis, Agrotis clavis) erta yozgi, 3 ta tur kapalak (Agrotis obesa, Euxoa temera, Aporophyla nigra) kuzgi, 6 ta tur kapalaklar (Heliothis viriplaca, Syngrapha circumflexa, Lacanobia oleracea, Leucania loreyi, Mythimna unipuncta, Sesamia cretica) polisiklik, 9 ta tur kapalaklar (Acronicta psi, Euxoa Agricola, Heliothis maritime, Leucania zeae, Mythimna l-album, Cosmia pyralina, Apamea anceps, Mesapamea secalis, Phytometra confusa) yozgi, 11 ta tur
May, 2022
1281
kapalaklar (Agrotis crassa, Mamestra suasa, Mamestra oleracea, Xestia c-nigrum, Diachrysia chrysitis, Euxoa tritici, Euxoa cursoria, Schinia scutosa, Spodoptera exigua, Amphipoea fucosa, Acontia luctuosa) yozgi-kuzgi ekologik guruhga mansub ekanligi aniqlandi (1-jadval).
Tadqiqot natijalaridan ma'lum bo'lishicha, Janubiy Farg'ona tunlam kapalaklarining 16 ta yoki 32 % ni mezofillar tashkil etadi. Evribiontlar (26%) hamda gemikserofillar (26%) 13 tadan turlarni birlashtirib, ularning faunadagi ulushi ham teng taqsimlangan. Gigrofil ekologik guruhga mansub bo'lgan turlar 8 ta bo'lib, ularning faunadagi ulushi 16% ni tashkil etadi (1-jadval).
Tunlam kapalaklarning ozuqaga ixtisoslashuviga ko'ra 30 ta turlari yoki jami lepidopterofaunaning 60 % turlari polifaglardan iborat. Bu borada keyingi pog'onani oligofaglar egallaydi. Ularning tur soni 15 ta bo'lib, ulushi 30 % ni tashkil etadi. Monofaglar esa, eng kam - 5 ta turdan iborat bo'lib, faunadagi ulushi 10 % ga teng.
Janubiy Farg'ona xududining agrosenozlarida tunlam kapalaklar (Noctuidae) oilasining 28 avlodiga mansub 50 ta turlari uchraydi. Tunlam kapalaklarning 10 ta turi bahorgi-yozgi, 9 ta tur bahorgi-kuzgi, 2 ta tur erta yozgi, 3 ta tur polisiklik, 9 ta tur yozgi, 11 ta tur kapalaklar yozgi-kuzgi ekologik guruhlarga mansub. Janubiy Farg'ona tunlam kapalaklarining 16 ta yoki 32 % ni mezofillar, 13 ta yoki 26 % ni evribiontlarlar, 13 ta yoki 26 % ni gemikserofillar, 8 ta yoki 16 % ni gigrofillar tashkil etadi. Tunlam kapalaklarning ozuqaga ixtisoslashuviga ko'ra 60 % turlari polifaglardan iborat. Bu borada keyingi pog'onani oligofaglar egallaydi. Ularning tur soni 15 ta bo'lib, ulushi 30 % ni tashkil etadi. Monofaglar esa 5 ta turdan iborat bo'lib, faunadagi ulushi ham eng kam - 10 % ga teng.
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