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37Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 3 | March, 2022 | SJIFactor: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | Google Scholar | www.carjis.org
DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-245-254
FARG'ONA VODIYSINING OZUQA EKINLARI TANGACHA QANOTLI HASHAROTLAR (LEPIDOPTERA) FAUNASI
Malikjon Raxmatjonovich Shermatov
Farg'ona davlat universiteti doktoranti, b.f.n., dotsent shmr78@mail.ru
Bekzod Dilmurod o'g'li Abdikaxorov
Farg'ona davlat universiteti 1-kurs magistranti
Dilnozaxon Mirzoxidjon qizi Abdikaxorova
Farg'ona davlat universiteti 1-kurs magistranti bekzod.abdikakhorov.94@gmail .com
ANNOTATSIYA
Farg'ona vodiysining ozuqa ekinlari agrotsenozlarida tangachaqanotli hasharotlar (Lepidoptera) turkumining 9 oilasiga mansub 33 avlodini 38 ta turi uchraydi. Mazkur hasharotlarning beda o'simligida 8 oila, 25 avlodga mansub 27 ta turi, hashaki lavlagida 2 ta oila, 14 ta avlodga mansub 16 ta turi, raps o'simligida 3 ta oila, 4 ta avlodga mansub 5 ta turi tarqalgan. Farg'ona vodiysi entomofaunasida ilk bor qayd etilayotgan Oncocera semirubella, Chrysodeixis chalcites hamda O'zbekiston entomofaunasi uchun ilk bor qayd etilayotgan Evergestis frumentalis, Evergestis extimalis turlarining populyatsiylari hozirda kengayib bormoqda. Ozuqa o'simliklari bilan biotsenotik aloqaga ega bo'lgan Carcharodus alceae, Colias erate, Polyommatus icarus napaea populyatsiyasi qisqarib borayotgan va muhofazaga muxtoj turlar hisoblanadi.
Kalit so'zlar: Farg'ona vodiysi, hasharot, tangachaqanotli, agroekotizim, madaniy o'simlik, tur, ozuqa zanjiri, zararkunanda.
ABSTRACT
In the agrocenoses of fodder crops of the Ferghana Valley, 38 species of Lepidoptera belonging to 33 genera, 9 families are found. Of these, 8 families, 25 genera, 27 species are found in alfalfa, 2 families, 14 genera, 16 species in beets, 3 families, 4 genera, 5 species in rape. Currently, the populations of Oncocera semirubella, Chrysodeixis chalcites, first noted for the entomofauna of the Ferghana Valley, and Evergestis frumentalis, Evergestis extimalis, first noted for the
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 3 | March, 2022 | SJIFactor: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | Google Scholar | www.carjis.org
DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-245-254
entomofauna of Uzbekistan, are expanding. Carcharodus alceae, Colias erate, Polyommatus icarus napaea, which are biocenotically related to fodder plants, have declining populations and need to be protected.
Keywords: Ferghana Valley, insects, lepidoptera, agroecosystem, cultivated plant, species, food chain, pest.
KIRISH
Farg'ona vodiysi sharoitida beda, hashaki lavlagi hamda raps osimliklari chorvachilik xo'jaliklarining ozuqa bazasida muhim o'rin egallaydi. Tangachaqanotli hasharotlarning ko'plab turlari ushbu ozuqa ekinlari bilan biotsenotik aloqada bo'lib, bir qator turlar ushbu o'simliklarning jiddiy zararkunandalariga aylangan.
Keyingi yillarda kuzatilayotgan global iqlim o'zgarishlari va antropogen omillarning ta'siri, shuningdek mintaqa agrolandshaftlarida sodir bo'layotgan tarkibiy yangilanishlar zararkunanda tangachaqanotlilar xilma-xilligining ortishiga hamda ayrim turlarning populyasiya areallarini kengayishiga sabab bo'lmoqda.
G.Dhaliwalning ta'kidlashicha (2010), zararkunanda hasharotlar dunyo miqyosida qishloq xo'jalik ekinlarining 13,6 % nobud bo'lishiga sabab bo'ladi. H.Sharma tomonidan global iqlim o'zgarishi sharoitida (2016) Hindistonda ushbu ko'rsatkich 23,3 % ortganligi qayd etilgan.
Shundan kelib chiqib, Farg'ona vodiysining ozuqa ekinlari agrotsenozlari strukturasi hamda entomofunasi tarkibida sodir bo'layotgan o'zgarishlar, shuningdek, zararkunanda turlarni ushbu o'simliklar bilan biotsenotik aloqalarini kompleks o'rganish dolzarb ilmiy-amaliy ahamiyat kasb etadi.
ADABIYOTLAR TAHLILI VA METODOLOGIYA
A. Sh. Hamrayevning agrobiotsenozlarda entomokomplekslarining shakllanishi, funksiyalanishi va ularni boshqarishning biologik asoslarini ishlab chiqishga doir tadqiqotlari alohida e'tiborga molik. Muallifning Xorazm viloyati va Qoraqalpog'iston avtonom respublikasining entomofaunasiga bag'ishlangan ilmiy-tadqiqotlari natijalarida qayd etilishicha, mazkur hududlarning g'o'za, makkajo'hori, sholi hamda beda agroekotizimlarida tunlam karalaklar oilasining 53 tur vakillari yashab, ushbu o'simliklarga turli darajada zarar keltiradi. Mazkur agrosenozlar ozuqa zanjridan o'rin egallagan turlar ulushi beda o'simligida 30 tani tashkil etadi.
Qoraqalpog'iston sharoitida beda agrobiosenozi hasharotlarini o'rganishga oid keyingi tadqiqotlarda, mazkur entokompleks tarkibida uchrovchi zararkunanda tangachaqanotlilar faunasiga ham alohida e'tibor qaratilgan. Bu borada, janubiy
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 3 | March, 2022 | SJIFactor: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | Google Scholar | www.carjis.org
DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-245-254
Qoraqalpog'iston sharoitida beda agrobiosenozi entomokompleksi hamda Orolbo'yi hududlarida beda agrobiosenozi entomokomplekslarining shakllanishi va funksiyalanishi, shuningdek ularni boshqarishning biologik asoslariga bag'ishlangan ishlarni ta'kidlash mumkin .
D. R. Abdullayeva tomonidan mazkur yo'nalishdagi izlanishlarning davomi sifatida, O'zbekistonning beda agrotsenozlari entomokomplekslarini o'rganish bo'yicha tadqiqotlar olib borilgan. Tadqiqotchi tomonidan beda entomokompleksining funksiyalanishida tangachaqanotli hasharotlarning o'rni ham izohlab berilgan.
Farg'ona vodiysi sharoitida ozuqa ekinlari agrotsenozlari tangachaqanotli hasharotlarining faunasi kompleks tadqiq etilmagan.
Farg'ona vodiysining ozuqa ekinlari tangachaqanotli hasharotlar faunasini o'rganish ishlari 2015-2021 yillar davomida Farg'ona, Andijon va Namangan viloyatlari hududlaridagi agrotsenozlarda olib borildi. Na'munalar Farg'ona viloyatining Quva, Farg'ona, So'x, Yozyovon, Oltiariq, Bog'dod, Dang'ara, tumanlari, Namangan viloyatining Mingbuloq, Pop, Chust, To'raqo'rg'on tumanlari, Andijon viloyatining Ulug'nor, Baliqchi, Xo'jaobod tumanlarida fermer xo'jaliklari ekinzorlaridan yig'ildi. Kapalaklarni yig'ish asosan kechalari, DRL-250 lampa hamda muallif tomonidan tayyorlangan tungi yoritgichli moslama yordamida amalga oshirildi. Yig'ilgan kapalaklarni har bir turining erkak va urg'ochi individlaridan 2 tadan na'munasi ajratib olinib, kolleksiya tayyorlandi. Shuningdek, mavsum davomida agrotsenozlar bo'yicha kunlik qayd etilgan kapalaklar soni turlar kesimida maxsus daftarga qayd etib borildi. Yig'ilgan materiallarni aniqlashda entomologik aniqlagichlar va elektron kataloglardan foydalanildi. Kapalaklar morfologiyasini o'rganish va turini aniqlashda zamonaviy (NLCD-307B) raqamli binokulyar mikroskopdan foydalanildi.
Yig'ilgan namunalar va tayyorlangan kolleksiyalar Farg'ona davlat universiteti Eksperimental biologiya laboratoriyasida saqlanmoqda.
MUHOKAMA VA NATIJALAR
Olib borilgan tadqiqotlar va tahlillar natijalariga ko'ra, Farg'ona vodiysining ozuqa ekinlari agrotsenozlarida tangachaqanotli hasharotlar (Lepidoptera) turkumining 9 oilasiga mansub 33 avlodini 38 ta turi uchraydi. Mazkur hasharotlar mintaqaning asosiy qishloq xo'jalik ekinlari ro'yxatiga kiritilgan 3 turdagi madaniy o'simliklar bilan biotsenotik aloqaga ega. Xususan, beda o'simligida 8 oila, 25 avlodga mansub 27 ta tur, hashaki lavlagida 2 ta oila, 14 ta avlodga mansub 16 ta tur,
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 3 | March, 2022 | SJIFactor: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | Google Scholar | www.carjis.org
DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-245-254
raps o'simligida 3 ta oila, 4 ta avlodga mansub 5 ta tur tangachaqanotlilar qayd etildi (1-jadval).
Qayd etilgan 11 ta turlar (* bilan belgilangan) Farg'ona vodiysi entomofaunasida, 4 ta tur esa (** bilan belgilangan) O'zbekiston entomofaunasida ilk bor uchratildi.
1-jadval
Farg'ona vodiysining ozuqa ekinlarida uchrovchi tangachaqanotli hasharotlar ro'yxati
Tangachaqanotli hasharotlar (LEPIDOPTERA) turkumi Avlod Tur Ozuqa ekinlari
Beda Hashaki lavlagi Raps
TORTRICIDAE (Latreille, 1802) oilasi Archips Hubner, 1822 avlodi Archips rosana Linnaeus, 1758 +
HESPERIIDAE (Latreille, 1809) oilasi Carcharodus Hübner, 1819 avlodi Carcharodus alceae Esper, 1780* +
PIERIDAE (Swainson, 1820) oilasi Pieris Schrank, 1801 avlodi Pieris brassicae Linnaeus 1758 +
Pieris napi Linnaeus, 1758* +
Pieris rapae Linnaeus, 1758 +
Pontia Fabricius, 1807 avlodi Pontia (Synchloe) daplidice Linnaeus, 1758 * +
Colias Fabricius, 1807 avlodi Colias erate Esper, 1805* +
LYCAENIDAE (Leach, 1815) oilasi Polyommatus Latreille, 1804 avlodi Polyommatus icarus napaea Grum-Grshimailo, 1891 +
PYRALIDAE (Latreille, 1809) Etiella Zeller, 1839 avlodi Etiella zinckenella Treitschke, 1832** +
DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-245-254
oilasi Oncocera Stephens, 1829 avlodi Oncocera semirubella Scopoli, 1763** ++
CRAMBIDAE (Latreille, 1810) oilasi Loxostege Hübner, 1825 avlodi Loxostege sticticalis Linnaeus, 1761* +
Achyra Walker, 1849 avlodi Achyra (Loxostege) nudalis Hubner, 1796 +
Ostrinia Hübner, 1825 avlodi Ostrinia nubilalis = Pyrausta nubilalis Hübner, 1796 +
Evergestis Hübner, 1825 avlodi Evergestis frumentalis Linnaeus, 1761 ** +
Evergestis extimalis Scopoli, 1763** +
GEOMETRIDAE (Leach, 1815) oilasi Isturgia Hübner, 1823 avlodi Isturgia arenacearia Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775* +
EREBIDAE (Leach, 1815) oilasi Dysgonia Hubner, 1823 avlodi Dysgonia rogenhoferi Bohatsch, 1880* +
Acantholipes Lederer, 1857 avlodi Acantholipes regularis Hübner, 1813 +
NOCTUIDAE (Latreille, 1809) oilasi Agrotis Ochsenheimer, 1816 avlodi Agrotis segetum Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 + + +
DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-245-254
Agrotis exclamationis Linnaeus, 1758 ++ +
Hoplodrina Boursin, 1937 avlodi Hoplodrina ambigua Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775* + +
Oria Hübner, 1821 avlodi Oria musculosa Hübner, 1808* +
Xestia Hübner, 1818 avlodi Xestia c-nigrum Linnaeus, 1758 + +
Acontia Ochsenheimer, 1816 avlodi Acontia (Emmelia) trabealis Scopoli, 1763* ++
Autographa Hubner, 1821 avlodi Autographa gamma = Phytometra gamma Linnaeus, 1758 +
Heliothis Ochsenheimer, 1816 avlodi Heliothis viriplaca Hufnagel, 1766 = Chloridea dipsacea Linnaeus, 1767 ++ +
Schinia Hübner, 1823 avlodi Schinia scutosa Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 +
Anarta Ochsenheimer, 1816 avlodi Anarta=Hadula trifolii Hufnagel, 1766 ++ +
Noctua Linnaeus, 1758 avlodi Noctua pronuba Linnaeus, 1758 +
Spodoptera Guenée, 1852 avlodi Spodoptera exigua = Laphygma exigua Hübner, 1808 ++ +
DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-245-254
Cornutiplusia Kostrowicki, 1961 avlodi Cornutiplusia circumflexa Linnaeus, 1767 +
Lacanobia Billberg, 1820 avlodi Lacanobia suasa Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 + +
Leucania Ochsenheimer,18 16 avlodi Leucania zeae Duponchel, 1827 +
Mythimna Ochsenheimer, 1816 avlodi Mythimna l-album Linnaeus, 1767 +
Mythimna unipuncta Haworth, 1809 ++ +
Cucullia Schrank, 1802 avlodi Cucullia biornata Fischer de Waldheim, 1840 +
Pseudohadena Alpheraky, 1889 avlodi Pseudohadena indigna Christoph 1887 +
Chrysodeixis Hübner, 1821 avlodi Chrysodeixis chalcites Esper, 1789* ++
Izoh: * - Farg'ona vodiysida ilk bor uchratilgan turlar ** - O'zbekiston entofaunasida ilk bor uchratilgan turlar
Bu borada, aksariyat turlarni beda agrotsenozida tarqalganligini ta'kidlash lozim. Shunga monand, bedada oilalar (8 ta), avlodlar (25 ta) va turlar (27 ta) xilma-xilligi ham yuqoriligi bilan ajaralib turadi. Olib borilgan kuzatuvlar va tahlillar natijasiga ko'ra, beda o'simligi bilan trofik aloqaga ega bo'lgan 8 ta turlar (Oncocera semirubella, Agrotis exclamationis, Acontia trabealis, Heliothis viriplaca, Anarta trifolii, Spodoptera exigua, Mythimna unipuncta, Chrysodeixis chalcites) miqdor zichligi yuqori bo'lgan mavsumlarda sezilarli zarar keltirishi mumkin. Tadqiqotlar davomida, Farg'ona vodiysi entomofaunasida ilgari qayd etilmagan Oncocera semirubella (beda parvonasi), Chrysodeixis chalcites (paslyonovaya metallovidka)
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 3 | March, 2022 | SJIFactor: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | Google Scholar | www.carjis.org
DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-245-254
turlarining populyatsiylari kengayib borayotganligi kuzatildi. Xususan, hududlardan yig'ilayotgan na'munalarda ham ushbu turlarning soni ortib bormoqda.
Archips rosana, Etiella zinckenella, Isturgia arenacearia, Dysgonia rogenhoferi, Acantholipes regularis, Agrotis segetum, Hoplodrina ambigua, Oria musculosa, Xestia c-nigrum, Schinia scutosa, Cornutiplusia circumflexa, Lacanobia suasa, Leucania zeae, Mythimna l-album, Cucullia biornata, Pseudohadena indigna kabi turlarni beda agrobiotsenozida nisbatan kam tarqalganligi va zararining yuqori emasligi kuzatildi. Farg'ona vodiysi entomofaunasida ilgari qayd etilmagan Etiella zinckenella (akatsiya parvonasi), Oria musculosa, Isturgia arenacearia, Hoplodrina ambigua kabi turlarning zarari sezilarli bo'lmasada, ularni populyatsiyalarini muntazam nazorat qilib borish maqsadga muvofiq.
Tadqiqotlarimiz davomida vodiyning shimoli-g'arbiy qismidagi tog' oldi hududlarda ilk bor kuzatilgan Hesperiidae oilasiga mansub Altsey yo'g'on bosh kapalagi (Carcharodus alceae)ning qurtlari ham beda o'simligida uchrashi qayd etildi. Ushbu hasharot muhofazaga muxtoj bo'lib, populyatsiyasi cheklanib borayotgan turlar sirasiga kiradi. Shuningdek, Pieridae oilasiga mansub Colias erate, Lycaenidae oilasiga mansub Polyommatus icarus napaea (Ikar ko'k kapalagi) kapalaklari ham beda o'simligi bilan biotsenotik aloqaga ega bo'lgan, muhofazaga muxtoj turlar hisoblanadi.
Boshqa agrotsenozlardan hashaki lavlagiga ikkilamchi ozuqa manbai sifatida o'tib zarar keltiruvchi turlar soni 5 ta bo'lib (Agrotis segetum, Agrotis exclamationis, Autographa gamma, Spodoptera exigua, Lacanobia suasa), dastlabki xulosalarimizga ko'ra, ularning hammasi ham barcha hududlarda va butun mavsum davomida jiddiy zarar keltirmaydi. Loxostege sticticalis, Achyra (Loxostege) nudalis hashaki lavlagiga ixtisoslashgan turlar sifatida, lavlagi agrobiotsenozida barqaror populyatsiyalarga ega.
Hoplodrina ambigua, Xestia c-nigrum, Heliothis viriplaca, Anarta trifolii, Noctua pronuba, Mythimna unipuncta kabi turlarning ushbu agotsenozda tarqalishi tasodifiy xususiyatga ega.
Raps ekotizimi ozuqa zanjiridan o'rin egallagan tangachaqanotli hasharotlar soni 5 tani (Pieris napi, Pontia (Synchloe) daplidice, Evergestis frumentalis, Evergestis extimalis, Agrotis segetum) tashkil etadi. Faunistik tadqiqotlarimiz natijasida, O'zbekiston entomofaunasi uchun ilk bor qayd etilayotgan Evergestis frumentalis hamda Evergestis extimalis turlarining populyatsiylari kengayib borayotganligi qayd etildi.
Shuni alohida ta'kidlash lozimki, qayd etilgan turlar mazkur agroboitsenozlar
Central Asian Research Journal For Interdisciplinary Studies (CARJIS)
ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 3 | March, 2022 | SJIFactor: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | Google Scholar | www.carjis.org
DOI: 10.24412/2181-2454-2022-3-245-254
ozuqa zanjiridan turli darajada o'rin egallagan va ularning aksariyati ozuqa o'simliklari uchun jiddiy havf tug'dirmaydi. Aksincha, tog' oldi hududlarda uchratilgan bir qator turlarning populyatsiylari cheklangan bo'lib, muhofazaga muxtoj hisoblanadi.
XULOSA
Farg'ona vodiysining ozuqa ekinlari agrotsenozlarida tangachaqanotli hasharotlar (Lepidoptera) turkumining 9 oilasiga mansub 33 avlodini 38 ta turi uchraydi. Mazkur hasharotlarning beda o'simligida 8 oila, 25 avlodga mansub 27 ta turi, hashaki lavlagida 2 ta oila, 14 ta avlodga mansub 16 ta turi, raps o'simligida 3 ta oila, 4 ta avlodga mansub 5 ta turi tarqalgan.
Beda agrotsenozida nisbatan keng tarqalgan turlar (Oncocera semirubella, Agrotis exclamationis, Acontia trabealis, Heliothis viriplaca, Anarta trifolii, Spodoptera exigua, Mythimna unipuncta, Chrysodeixis chalcites) 8 tani tashkil etadi. Bu borada lavlagi agrotsenozida 2 ta (Loxostege sticticalis, Achyra (Loxostege) nudalis), raps agrotsenozida 5 ta turlar (Pieris napi, Pontia (Synchloe) daplidice, Evergestis frumentalis, Evergestis extimalis, Agrotis segetum) nisbatan yetakchilik qiladi.
Farg'ona vodiysi entomofaunasida ilk bor qayd etilayotgan Oncocera semirubella, Chrysodeixis chalcites hamda O'zbekiston entomofaunasi uchun ilk bor qayd etilayotgan Evergestis frumentalis, Evergestis extimalis turlarining populyatsiylari hozirda kengayib bormoqda.
Ozuqa o'simliklari bilan biotsenotik aloqaga ega bo'lgan Carcharodus alceae, Colias erate, Polyommatus icarus napaea populyatsiyasi qisqarib borayotgan muhofazaga muxtoj turlar hisoblanadi.
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ISSN (online): 2181-2454 Volume 2 | Issue 3 | March, 2022 | SJIFactor: 5,965 | UIF: 7,6 | Google Scholar | www.carjis.org
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