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СИМВОЛ НАУКИ ISSN 2410-700X № 9 / 2018.
УДК: 338.48
Йылмазел Сажиде
Аспирант Кафедры Экономических программ и управления БГУ (Бишкекский Гуманитарный Университет), г. Бишкек, Кыргызкая Республика e-mail: yilmazelsacide@gmail.com Ташкулова Г. К. д.э.н., профессор, Кыргызский экономический университет gulzat.tashkulova@mail. ru
ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ШЕЛКОВЫЙ ПУТЬ И РАЗВИТИЕ ТУРИЗМА ШЕЛКОВОГО ПУТИ В КЫРГЫЗСТАНЕ
Аннотация
Кыргызстан может стать туристическим центром Центральной Азии с точки зрения его природных достопримечательностей и культурных ценностей.
Ввиду исторической важности присутствия страны на маршруте Шелкового пути, туризм Шелкового пути имеет потенциал для привлечения туристов со всего мира не смотря на то, что сегодня в Кыргызстане есть много видов туризма, таких как горный, охотничий, термальный, оздоровительный, культурный и религиозный туризм,
Кыргызстан является одной из важнейших стран стратегического значения на Шелковом пути. Исторический Шелковый путь стал важным торговым маршрутом, начиная с Китая и распространившись на Центральную Азию, Анатолию и Европу. Эта дорога называется Шелковый путь из-за шелка, которым торговали и который был очень ценен. Шелковый путь появился в III. веке и переживал свою золотую эпоху до 16-го столетия, века географическеих открытий, Этот путь сыграл важную роль в истории народов Кыргызстана и Центральной Азии.
В этом исследовании будет раскрыто значение исторического Шелкового пути и туризма исторического Шелкового пути с точки зрения туризма в Кыргызстане.
Ключевые слова туризм в Кыргызстане, исторический Шелковый путь.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORICAL SILK ROAD AND SILK ROAD TOURISM
IN KYRGYZSTAN
Abstract
International trade activities are as old as human history and tourism also called "industry without chimney" has a great impact for the development of countries.
Kyrgyzstan has the potential to become the tourism centre of Central Asia in terms of its nature and culture.
Today, Kyrgyzstan has the potential to attract tourists from all over the world due to the importance of historical silk road in addition to many kinds of tourism activities already existed such as mountaineering, hunting, thermal, health, culture, religious tourism.
Kyrgyzstan is one of the most important countries with strategic positioning on the historical silk road. Historical Silk Road has become an important trade route starting from China to Central Asia, Anatolia and Europe. It is called "Silk Road" because of the silk which is very valuable and traded. Silk Road had its golden age starting from the 3rd century up until the geographical discoveries in the 16th century. This path has played an important role especially in the history of the Kyrgyz and Central Asian people.
In this study, the historical silk road and the historical silk road tourism will be explained in terms of
СИМВОЛ НАУКИ ISSN 2410-700X № 9 / 2018.
Kyrgyzstan and Kyrgyzstan tourism.
Keywords
Kyrgyzstan Tourism, Historical Silk Road
Historical Silk Road
Historical Silk Road is the oldest trade route starting from China through Central Asia and Anatolia to Europe which has laid the foundations of today's international trade. Locations encapsulated by this this route is also fundamentally important in terms of history.
The Silk Road, which has been in use since the early days of human history, is one of the trade routes that have brought together different civilizations for thousands of years. It is known that the Silk Road is particularly influential in the interaction between the West and the East. The Silk Road, which has been a bridge, has also made it possible for economic, social, political, military, religious and cultural interactions to take place between civilizations. Due to these interactions, it is seen that there are certain historical ties between different cultures in many aspects (£akmak, M., A., Hamarat, E., 2016) The Silk Road has presented a significance importance in Turkish Geography, culture an history. This route was the primary element through which the Turks and the Turkish states that have existed in vast geographical locations developed integration with each other. The Silk Road has increased the commercial relations, has increased wealth and led to unity and solidarity by linking Turkish homelands (Demirler, 2015, p.6, £akmak and Hamarat, 2016, p.242). Another cultural instrument carried on the Silk Road was the belief systems. For example, during the 4th and 5th centuries under the rule of the Northern Vay Dynasty, Buddhism came from India to China and Japan through the northern route. Zoroastrianism and Mani religion, which originated in Persia, were spread over the Silk Road (http://www.gebzegazetesi.com) Written and spoken languages were also influenced by the Silk Road and we can observe this influence in the similarity of many of the stories told in Central Asia, Europe and Anatolia today.
In Kyrgyzstan there were three ways of the ancient caravan road. These are north and south of the Pamir-Alay, Tien-Shan and Pamir high passages. These roads connect the east and the west for 15 centuries. Although the routes of the Silk road have changed for thousands of years, the caravan routes on the Kyrgyz highway have not changed, so Kyrgyzstan has become the guardian of this ancient route.
Silk Road Today
The Silk Road route has now begun to gain economic importance once again with the construction of energy transmission lines and railways. Due to the ever-globalizing world, commercial transportation lines were needed to be built starting from China and Europe and it is this necessity which has created a new focus on the Silk Road. (Atasoy, 2010, p.1).
Nowadays, the trade and production inclinations of world economy have shifted towards Asia which has resulted in China being the 2nd biggest economy, has double-folded the importance of the Silk Road. Significant steps have been taken for the Silk Road transportation projects under the name of 'Single Generation, Single Road, the Modern Silk Road (The New Silk Road)' led by China. The project covers a total of 65 countries including Central Asia Turkish Republics, Turkey, Iran and Russia. This project envisages the creation of two major roads, one of which is the sea and the other is the land. The road; starts in Xi'an, China going al the way through Central Asia, Tehran, Istanbul Moscow and finally ends in Holland. The sea route starts in Fuzhou in China and ends in Venice after visiting many docks and marinas. In 1987, Unesco launched the "Great Silk Road" project as the name "Dialogue Routes" program and many Silk Road routes destination included in the the Unesco World Heritage List. Moreover, in 2014 the Silk Roads: Chang'an-Tien-Shan Corridor Networks Route, presented by China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are now listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
The Silk Road's Importance in Kyrgyz Tourism
Today, Silk Road is of great importance in terms of tourism. Western tourists who are interested in Eastern Mysticism and with the desire to see the Turks' Homelands have increased the tourism attractions in the region. For this reason, the historical Silk Road is very important for Kyrgyzstan in terms of tourism. Kyrgyzstan is one of the seldom countries in the world which has kept its nature almost intact. This, combined with the Silk Road tourism has the potential to attract tourists from all over the world. Although the routes of the Silk road have changed for
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thousands of years, the caravan routes on the Kyrgyz highway have not changed, so Kyrgyzstan has become the guardian of this ancient route. For example, Osh Market in Bishkek has been in existence for centuries since inception of the Road and still serves as a market.
The beginning of the trade routes between China and the Caucasus, Anatolia and Europe starts in the east of Kyrgyzstan. By establishing a trusted environment on the Historical Silk Road, revival in trade and tourism may start in Kyrgyzstan by which equal distribution of economic development may be ensured throughout the country. In addition, income disparity, inequality and competition between the south and the north of the country can be minimized. The fact that Kyrgyzstan is situated in the main route reaching Iran and Anatolia via Fergana Valley and Far East countries over China will give Kyrgyzstan a strategic importance and may render the country to have a competitive edge against Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. With the revival of trade and tourism coupled with confidence in the market, the foreign trade deficit may decrease, the national income per capita may increase and international investments may start to come to Kyrgyzstan
As a result, Kyrgyzstan will start to be recognized by the world and play an important role in promoting and presenting economic values and culture in the country and Central Asia to the world. It must fulfil its responsibilities promptly so that Kyrgyzstan can receive the share it deserves from the Historic Silk Road. In this context; the country will also be able to integrate with the world in economic, social and cultural terms and will also lead to democratization and will be enriched in every sense. References
1. Atasoy, F. (2010). "Kureselle§me £aginda Yeniden ipek Yolu", Bir Kultur Koridoru Olarak ipek Yolu Sempozyumu, UNESCO TMK-Kultur ve Turizm Bakanligi, 16 Ekim 2010 Antalya.
2. £akmak, M. A. ve Hamarat, E. (2016). ipek Yolu Tarihinin Ogretiminde ABD Merkezli Bazi Yakla§imlar: Teknoloji, Proje Ve Muze. Kastamonu Egitim Dergisi, 24 (1), 421-430
3. Demirler, M. (2015). Tarihi ipek Yolu'nun Yeniden Canlandirilmasi Ve Turkiye Ekonomisine Etkisi. Yuksek Lisans Tezi. Gaziosmanpa§a Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu, Tokat.
4. http://www.gebzegazetesi.com/ipek-yolu-gezisinde-son-durak-kirgizistan-makale, 1864.html
© Йылмазел Сажиде, Ташкулова Г. К. 2018
УДК: 338.48
Йылмазел Сажиде
Аспирант Кафедры Экономических программ и управления БГУ (Бишкекский Гуманитарный Университет), г. Бишкек, Кыргызкая Республика e-mail: yilmazelsacide@gmail.com
Ташкулова Г. К. д.э.н., профессор, Кыргызский экономический университет gulzat.tashkulova@mail. ru
ВИДЫ ТУРИСТИЧЕСИХ ПРОДУКТОВ, КОТОРЫЕ МОГУТ ПРИМЕНЯТЬСЯ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИЗМА В КЫРГЫЗСТАНЕ
Аннотация
Туризм стал популярным благодаря глобализации и стал очень важным для экономики стран. Для многих стран туризм - это индустрия без «дымохода». Туризм должен быть чрезвычайно важным сектором для Кыргызстана и должен активно участвовать в мировом туристическом рынке, потому что Кыргызстан
