5Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xo'jaligini joriy etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
INTRODUCTION OF SMALL-SIZED BIOGAS PLANTS IN UZBEKISTAN
Bekzod Tashtemirov
(PhD)
Aziz Mamanazarov
(PhD student)
Rustam Esanbekov
(Master's student)
Nodir Mustafaev (student) SBTSAU
ABSTRACT
The article presents the privileges of using biogas, as well as an analysis of the technology of obtaining biogas and their application in small farms of our Republic.
Keywords: biofertilizers, fauna, efficiency, organic fertilizer, methanogens, electricity, microorganisms, methane, high-calorie energy.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В статье приведены привилегии использования биогаза, а также анализ технологии получения биогаза и приминение их в малых хозяйствах нашей Республики.
Ключевые слова: биоудобрения, фауны, эффективность, органическое удобрение, метаногенов, электроэнергии, микроорганизмы, метан, высококалорийная энергия.
Introductions. Recently, attention to biogas plants has increased all over the world. There are several reasons why a biogas plant should be an inseparable part of any agricultural production: One of the main reasons is the reduction of emissions of biomass decay products, in the form of methane gas, into the earth's atmosphere. Methane as a product of fauna activity damages the ecology of the planet, the greenhouse activity of methane is about 21 times higher than that of carbon dioxide. Analysis of air bubbles in the ice indicates that
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Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xo'jaligini joriy etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
there is more methane in the Earth's atmosphere now than at any time in the last 400,000 years. Another important reason is the rapid processing of animal husbandry waste into highly efficient organic fertilizers ready for use, while the efficiency of fertilizers increases by 50 or even 100 times compared to the initial product, the hazard class and the fermentation time of biomass are reduced. After 12-20 days, the biomass in the bioreactor is completely fermented and can be used as an organic fertilizer in the fields. And finally, the third reason is getting a cheap alternative energy source.
Materials and methods. Biogas is a common name for a combustible gas mixture obtained by decomposition of organic substances as a result of an anaerobic microbiological process (methane fermentation). Its main components are methane (CH4) - 55-65% and carbon dioxide (CO2) - 35-45%, as well as in very small quantities, about 1%, other gases, for example, hydrogen (H2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The average heat of combustion of biogas containing about 60% methane is 22
"5
MJ/m . Since the combustible part of biogas consists of methane (the ignition temperature of methane is about 645°C), it is classified as a family of natural gases.
Depending on the biomass used for the production of biogas, the following types can be distinguished:
1. Methane tank gas produced at urban sewage treatment plants;
2. Biogas produced in biogas plants during the fermentation of agricultural
waste;
3. Biogas produced at landfills containing organic components.
In our republic, more than 60% of residents live in rural areas. In many regions of the republic there are problems with the quality and quantity of electricity and natural gas supplied to the final consumer. In remote villages, where the distance between houses can be several kilometers, as a rule, there is no centralized power supply. Currently, the construction of new power transmission lines is expensive, which makes it impossible to connect such settlements to stationary electricity systems. At the same time, it is noted that the spread of biogas technologies is still slow. In total, there are more than 6.5 thousand farms in the country, but only 0.7% are equipped with biogas plants. The currently available proven and promising hydrocarbon reserves belong to the category of non-renewable energy sources, and intensive development today leads to their depletion, which poses a threat to the
May 12-13
Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xojaligini joriy etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
energy security of the country. In addition, the orientation of the republic's economy to one type of energy carriers - fossil fuels - imposes an excessive burden on the oil and gas industry.
A significant amount of manure and various organic waste is collected in any farm during the year. Fresh manure and other organic waste accumulating on livestock farms, together with wastewater, affect the environment, lead to contamination of groundwater and air basin, create a favorable environment for soil contamination by harmful microorganisms. Anaerobic processing of manure and agricultural waste in biogas plants with the production of biogas and biofertilizers is a promising, environmentally safe and cost-effective way to solve these problems.
Results and Discussion. For Uzbekistan, the main raw materials for energy production using biomass are animal husbandry waste, poultry farms waste, solid household waste, food waste, industrial waste, municipal sewage sludge and plant residues. In addition, agriculture is currently experiencing great difficulties due to the decline in the fertility of the arable land fund, rising prices for fuel and fertilizers, the deteriorating state of the environment and the associated monotonous decline in agricultural efficiency. A significant factor in breaking out of the vicious circle of these problems is the use of one of the products of biogas technologies -biofertilizers. Biofertilizers are able to increase crop yields by 10-30%, which makes it possible to solve agrotechnical and socio-economic problems faced by farms.
The construction and development of small-sized biogas plants is very optimal and profitable than large biogas plants in Uzbekistan. Because today, in ordinary small farms in rural areas, the number of cattle on average is 2 - 5 pcs., 18-20 kg of manure come out of one cattle, and this proves that there are insufficient raw materials for large biogas plants. When using animal waste, from a ton of manure it is possible to obtain on average from 8 to 15 m3 of biogas per day, its calorific value is « 5500...6000 kcal/m3 (for household gas - 6000...7000 kcal/m3). On average, the heating of a house with an area of 40...50 m and a four-burner stove are needed per hour 3.0...3.5 m3 of biogas.
Conclusion. A small biogas plant will reduce the volume of natural gas consumption by the municipal sector and thereby release it for the needs of industry and exports. Increasing agricultural production, reducing health care costs, environmental protection and the need for mineral fertilizers. Creation of additional jobs for the rural population.
May 12-13
Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xojaligini joriy etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
Large-scale implementation of biogas technologies can make a significant contribution to the solution:
• Production of high-calorie energy
• Production of high-quality fertilizers
• Reducing the intensity of odors
• Reduction of aggressive corrosive action
• Growth of animal husbandry
• Reduction of air pollution with ammonia and methane
• Prevention of nutrient loss
• Reduction of nitrate leaching
• Better adaptability to plant consumption
• Improving plant health
• Hygiene of pus
• Reduced germination capacity of weed seeds
• Processing of organic waste
• Resource savings
REFERENCES
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2. Resolution of the President of the Republic PP-436 of December 13, 2022 "On measures to improve the effectiveness of reforms aimed at the transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to a "Green" economy by 2030".
3. Salikhov P.T. "Prospects for the development of biogas technologies in Uzbekistan"
4. Akramov, A. A., & Tashtemirov, B. R. (2021). TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
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Samarkand branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University Theoretical and practical foundations of introducing smart agriculture in Uzbekistan
O'zbekistonda aqlli qishloq xojaligini joriy etishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari
7. Lysenko V.P. The problem of recycling does not exist in nature // Poultry farming. - 2012. — No. 2. — pp. 48-50. Shchurkova, N.I. Biogaz as source of net energy. [Youth and science: materials VII of the All-Russian scientific and technical conference of students, graduate students and young scientists]. Available at: http://elib.sfu-kras.ru/handle/2311/5955 (accessed 25 April 2023).
8. T. Zhilina, K. Afonin, A. Zagorskaya. Reduction of environmental impact of solid domestic landfills of residential area due to their recycling. MATEC Web of Conferences, 2017, vol. 106, no. 07004
9. Afonin K.V., Zhilina T.S., Zagorskaya A.A. Residential waste recycling in order to obtain secondary energy and material resources. FEFU: School of Engineering Bulletin, 2017, no. 4/33, pp. 65-73.
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