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12INNOVATIVE FORM OF "PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING" WITH INNOVATIVE CHARACTER IN THE TEACHING PROCESS
Feruzaxon Komilovna Yusupova
A master student of Fergana State University
ABSTRACT
The article illustrates some innovative forms of teaching as well as warm up activities and significance of them. Furthermore, problem-based learning is highlighted in the article.
Keywords: challenging education, problem-based learning, types of problems, pedagogical problem
INTRODUCTION
Effective teaching technology in high school today is a challenging education. Its task is to stimulate the process of active learning and to form a research method in thinking. Problem-based learning can be connected with the goals of creative person.
Problem-based learning is the education of students to develop skills and competencies such as creative research, small research, hypotheses, reasoning, and inference. The first ideas for this method of education were based on the American psychologist and teacher J. Dyui (1859-1952). In 1894, he founded an experimental school in Chicago based on play and labor, not on a curriculum[1-3].
METHODOLOGY
J. Dyui's Problem-Based Education consists of the following areas:
- social;
- constructive;
- artistic expression;
- scientific research.
The author used various types of words, works of art, technical devices, games, and tools to organize education in the areas indicated by J. Dyui.
In the 60s of the last century, problem-based education was further developed on the basis of the views of researchers such as L. Rubinstein, M.I. Mahmutov, V. Okon, I.Ya. Lerner. S. L. Rubinstein's idea that "thinking begins with a problem situation" was accepted as a psychological basis of problem-based learning[4].
There are a number of types of "Problem based learning. For example, M.N. Skatkin emphasizes the following types of problem-based learning in his works:
- problem statement of knowledge;
- solving problem tasks;
- carrying out small scientific researches.
Problem-based learning is based on the problem (Greek "barrier", "difficulty") or problem situation, which serves to find solutions to problem-based learning technologies. In many cases, problem and problematic situation are considered synonymous. In fact, they are different from each other[5].
Problem (Greek - "obstacle", "difficulty", Arabian - "mysterious", "mysterious", difficult to understand), problem solving is an important theoretical and practical issue.
In essence, the problem is solved by studying the causes of it, looking for important, effective ways, methods and means to solve it, gathering evidence to prove their effectiveness, interpreting the evidence in a new and different way[6].
In the field of pedagogy, the concept of "problem" is often used to address organizational, pedagogical, psychological, educational and pedagogical issues. From the point of view of the subject, the pedagogical process addresses problems of didactic, practical, scientific-methodical, purely scientific nature, and certain knowledge, unknown knowledge and existing experience are reflected as components of the problem[7].
The pedagogical problem is a pedagogical problem that needs to be solved, but the solution is still unknown.
There are three levels of problem solving in education:
1st level - The teacher poses the problem and directs the students to solve it
2nd level - The teacher describes the problem situation and the students
To solve the problem on their own.
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3 level - The teacher does not point out the problem, but confronts the students. Students understand the problem, formulate it themselves, and analyze ways to solve the problem.
The problem is seen as a fundamental basis in determining the conditions under which is the problem posed in the educational process. Problem solving and mastering of the content of educational materials are carried out in the following 7 stages: G'11G':
Step 1 - Identify the problem that is the basis of the problem;
Step 2 - Identify the problem that is the basis of the problem;
Step 3 - Analysis of the problem solution condition;
Step 4 - Creation of conditions for the implementation of organizational and pedagogical work;
Step 5 - Organize a practical action to find a solution to the problem;
Step 6 - Describe the solution to the problem;
Step 7 - Discuss the solution to the problem.
A problematic situation is a type of process in which students are aware of a conflict that has arisen in the process of completing a particular task (problem solving, finding an answer to a question), which requires them to seek new knowledge about the problem being solved.
DISCUSSION
Indeed, a problem situation is a situation that threatens a student's ability to achieve an educational goal now or in the future.
The solution to the problem-based learning consists of 4 steps as following:
- Creating a problematic situation;
- Putting assumptions;
- Problem statement based on the analysis of the situation;
- check the solution.
The problem-solving method is also used in pedagogy. The essence of the method is to analyze, evaluate the specific situation and make a decision on its solution. When using the problem-solving method in the educational process, students' activities are organized on the basis of the following system (it can be seen in the figure):
Student activities based on the problem situation method
In the pedagogical process, the student is faced with a problem situation, not a
"problem".
The problem-based approach is a way to ensure that students come across with a problem-based situation by analyzing its causes and effects, developing their problemsolving skills, and activating their learning activities.
RESULT
The complexity of the problem must be chosen for the problem situation method should be appropriate to the students 'level of knowledge. They need to be able to find a solution to the problem, otherwise when they fail to find a solution, the learners lose interest and lose their self-confidence. Using the problem situation method, students are able to learn to think independently, analyze the causes and consequences of the problem, and find a solution.
The structure of the "problem situation" method is as the following:
- describe the problem situation:
- divide students into small groups;
- identification of the causes of the problem situation by groups:
- groups think about the consequences of the problem situation;
- substantiation of options for problem solving by groups;
- choosing the right solution from the options;
- statement of the solution by the group;
- organization of discussions in the community on the solution. The following methods are used to solve the problem:
- study and analyze the problem from different perspectives;
- comparison and generalization of available evidence;
- identification of additional evidence and their comparison;
- draw conclusions about the problem;
- students can put the problems independently.
The problem situation method has the following advantages:
-forms students' independent thinking skills;
-students learn to find the cause, effect and solution of the problem;
-knowledge and skills of students
-good opportunity for evaluation;
-students learn to analyze ideas and results.
There are some shortcomings in the use of this method in education. Such as:
- Students require high motivation;
- The problem should correspond to the level of knowledge of students;
- It takes a long time.
Actually, problem-based learning is based on certain technologies.
CONCLUSION
The use of any innovative technology in the educational process depends on the individual character, who teaches the students and who the teacher educates. Classes based on innovative technologies allow students to express their personal attitudes about important life achievements and problems, to think about them, to justify their views. Therefore, the role and importance of innovative educational technologies in the formation of a creative approach in students in the educational process is invaluable.
REFERENCES
[1]. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017 No. PF-4947 "On the strategy of further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan". - T .: Collection of Legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2017, No. 6, Article 70.
[2]. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 6, 2017 No 187 "On approval of state educational standards of general secondary and secondary special, vocational education." - T .: Collection of Legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2017, No. 14, Article 230.
[3]. Educational-methodical complex on the module of methods of teaching technology. The regional center of Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami. -Tashkent.2018.
[4]. Mamadalyevich, A. M. (2021). Fundamentals Of Development Of Creative Abilities Of Students In Professional Training. The American Journal of Applied sciences, 3(01), 54-57.
[5]. Axmedov, M. M., Hojikarimova, G. T., Boybabayev, R. H., & Safarova, G. M. (2021). Supporting innovative approaches in the education system. ACADEMICIA: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH JOURNAL, 11(1), 38-41.
[6]. Hojikarimova, G., & Safarova, G. (2020). O'QUVCHILAR IJODKORLIK FAOLIYATINI SHAKLLANTIRISH SHART-SHAROITLARI. Збiрник наукових праць ЛОГОХ, 56-58.
[7]. Авазбоев, А., & Хожикаримова, Г. (2019). СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ КРЕАТИВНОСТИ УЧАЩИХСЯ. Вестник науки, 5(6), 150-153.
[8]. Axmedov, M. M., Hojikarimova, G. T., Boybabayev, R. H., & Safarova, G. M. (2021). Supporting innovative approaches in the education system. ACADEMICIA: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH JOURNAL, 11(1), 38-41.
