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Thus, the sanitary and hygienic conditions of production of marketable milk in the conditions of FG "Shcherbych" correspond to the admissible design and technological regime - 4 points, at which milk production is slightly reduced by 5% compared to the optimal one.
By improving the operation of the ventilation system, and the drainage and manure removal system, the indicators of relative humidity, the content of harmful gases in the cowshed and the noise level in the dairy unit can be optimized.
Conclusions:
1.Sanitary and hygienic conditions for the loose method of keeping cows in the production of marketable milk in the conditions of FG "Shcherbych" p. The village of Lityn district corresponds to the allowable design and technological regime - 4 points.
2.Motor activity and clinical indicators such as: heart rate, depth of respiratory movements and body temperature of cows did not differ depending on the daily routine and milking regimens and corresponded to the physiological norm characteristic of this age group of cattle.
3.The economic feasibility of using a constant daily routine for milking cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed prevails over the variable routine, while the profit is higher by 37.62 thousand UAH. or 3.6 times with a profitability of 26.16%.
References
1.Departmental standards of technological design
(2005). Livestock enterprises (complexes, farms, small farms), VNTP APK 01.05. K.: Ministry of Agrarian Education and Science of Ukraine. 110 s.
2.Departmental standards of technological design
(2006). Manure removal, treatment, preparation and use system: VNTP APK 09.06. K.: Ministry of Agrarian Education and Science of Ukraine. 101 s.
3.Polyova O.L. (2010). Efficiency of energy-saving animals. Monograph. Zhytomyr: Ruta. 179 s.
4.Polyovyi L.V., Yaremchuk O.S., Varpikhovsky R.L. (2010). Improving the conditions of tethered cows of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed. Modern problems of selection, breeding and hygiene of animals. Coll. Science. works of Vinnytsia NAU. Vinnytsia. Vip. 5 (45). Pp. 122-125.
5.Polyovyi L.V., Yaremchuk O.S., Varpikhovsky R.L., Kovalenko V.O., Bryzhaty B.M. Machine for fixing animals. Patent of Ukraine № 68648. Bull. № 7 dated 11.04.2012.
6.Polyovyi L.V., Yaremchuk O.S., Polyova O.L. (2008). Efficiency of use of production areas in livestock premises depending on technological solutions. Scientific Bulletin of LNUVMBT named after S.Z. Gzhytsky. Lviv. Volume 10, №4 (39). Pp. 221-225.
7.Yaremchuk O., Varpikhovsky R., Deren V. (2015). Energy saving of production from cows of different breeds. Livestock of Ukraine. Kiev. № 6. pp. 14-17.
8.Yaremchuk O.S., Gotsulyak S.V. (2019). Adaptation of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cows to the conditions of industrial technology. Agricultural science and food technology. Vip. 1 (104) pp. 146-152.
9.Yaremchuk O.S., Zakharenko M.O., Kurbatova I.M. (2010). Ethological and sanitary-hygienic aspects of monitoring of livestock enterprises. Collection of scientific works of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Vinnytsia: Series: Agricultural sciences. Vip. 5. pp. 152-154.
10.Yaremchuk O.S. (2019). Improving the elements of milk production technology and microclimate control on low-capacity farms. Wschodnioeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe (East European Scientific Journal). Warsaw, Poland. № 11 (51). S. 14-24.
UDC 633.113.3
INFLUENCE OF BIODYNAMIC PREPARATIONS ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL
Nykytiuk Yu., Tesliuk A.
Polissya National University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine
After harvesting crops, the density and hardness of the arable layer were determined from the physical properties of the soil. At the beginning of the research, the arable layer of sandy sod-medium podzolic soil was characterized by a high density, more than 1.40 g / cm3. When growing crops, the top 10 cm layer is most compacted under corn, up to 1.57-1.73 g / cm3, slightly less under cereals, up to 1.49-1.51 g / cm3.
Of all the biodynamic drugs used in 2013, only drug 500 was intended to improve soil structure and reduce its density accordingly. However, in the first year of its application in option 3, a significant decrease in the density of the topsoil relative to other options did not occur. Under cereals, the density of the top layer in this variant was 1.39-1.45 g / cm3, its values were lower in this variant relative to control and in crops of
lupine and corn, which can only indicate a tendency to reduce the density of the top layer of soil on variant with combined use of biodynamic drugs №№ 500 and 501.
Re-determination of the density of the upper 10 cm layer after the end of the growing season in 2013 also shows a tendency to reduce it from the use of these drugs, on average from six fields of 3 options, from 1.39 to 1.37. This was more evident after the cultivation of buckwheat, where this figure decreased from 1.42 to 1.25. This decrease in density could be due to the use in 2013 of manure compost with biodynamic drugs for this culture. Less pronounced decrease in soil density was in other options to 1.32, 1.29, where buckwheat was also introduced such manure compost (options 4 and 5). In 2013, the upper soil layer was characterized
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by lower density after growing corn, for which manure compost with biodynamic preparations was also used - 1.32.
Also in 2017, almost all crops in this variant showed a tendency to reduce the density of the topsoil. This is evidenced by the average data from six fields, both separately for each year of research and an average of three years.
However, only in 2017, when growing corn on this variant, the decrease in soil density was significant and equal to the smallest significant difference of 0.09. However, the same results obtained in other fields and the average of the whole experiment reliably indicate that the density of the arable layer decreases over the years in all variants of the experiment, if it does not use mineral fertilizers and pesticides.
It is noteworthy that from 2017 to 2019, every year, the density of the topsoil gradually decreased in all variants of the experiment, from 1.51-1.47 to 1.25— 1.19. In 2018, when growing oats, winter rye and buckwheat in 1, 2, 3 fields, the most pronounced tendency to reduce soil density was observed when using a new biodynamic drug and biodynamic drugs №№ 502—507 in the composition of manure compost on the variant 5. This is evidenced by the average data from all 6 fields for 2018. However, the average data from 6 fields for the entire study period 2013-2018 do not show a significant decrease in the density of the upper layer from the use of biodynamic drugs.
Measurement of the hardness of the arable layer at its moisture content of 5% in 2018 showed a sharp increase in this indicator with a depth of 11—17 kg / cm2 at a depth of 5 cm to 57—73 kg / cm2 at a depth of 20— 25 cm. soil after growing corn, where during the growing season inter-row tillage was carried out. In 2018, biodynamic preparations did not reduce the hardness of the soil under any of the crops.
Due to the fact that the hardness of the soil largely depends on its humidity, the results obtained at a soil moisture of 7-10% in 2017 were also 2 times lower than in 2013. At this humidity was not observed and a sharp increase in its hardness with depth. The analysis of the results obtained in 2018 did not reveal the effect of biodynamic preparations on the reduction of soil hardness in the arable layer except for its upper 10 cm layers in age-oat crops on variants 4 and 5 where Fladen Preragad and a new biodynamic preparation were introduced. 6.7—5.9 kg / cm relative to 9.5—8.2 kg / cm typical of other variants.
Also in 2017, at soil moisture of 7—10%, the hardness of its arable layer increased sharply with depth, from 7—10 kg / cm2 in the upper 5 cm layer to 45—50 kg / cm2 at a depth of 25 cm. The lowest was the hardness of the upper 10 cm layer in buckwheat crops, 4.7—11.4 kg / cm2, which may be due to the introduction of manure compost under this crop. It was also low in lupine crops sown after corn, under which manure composts were also applied.
From the use of manure composts with biodynamic preparations for buckwheat in 2017 (options 3-5) there was a tendency to reduce the hardness of the upper 5 cm of the soil layer, but such a decrease was insignificant. This tendency to reduce the
hardness of the topsoil was also observed in the cultivation of oats and lupines, although these crops died in 2017 from severe drought. In 2018, the determination of soil hardness at the end of the growing season in drought conditions showed its sharp growth with a depth of 10—12 kg / cm2 to 72—86 kg / cm2 at a depth of 20 cm. In such conditions, its growth was observed in variants using biodynamic preparations (variants 3—-5) in maize crops at a depth of more than 10 cm. with drugs №№ 502—507 (option 5). However, the average data from all fields for other variants were almost the same and can not indicate a change in the hardness of the arable soil layer from the use of biodynamic drugs for 3 years, both when applied directly to the soil and with manure compost.
After harvesting crops, the density and hardness of the arable layer were determined from the physical properties of the soil. At the beginning of the research, the arable layer of sandy sod-medium podzolic soil was characterized by a high density, more than 1.40 g / cm3. When growing crops, the top 10 cm layer is most compacted under corn, up to 1.57—1.73 g / cm3, slightly less under cereals, up to 1.49—1.51 g / cm3.
Of all the biodynamic preparations used in 2006— 2018, only the preparation № 500 was to improve the soil structure and reduce its density accordingly. However, in the first year of its application in option 3, a significant decrease in the density of the topsoil relative to other options did not occur. Under cereals, the density of the top layer in this variant was 1.39—1.45 g / cm3, its values were lower in this variant relative to control and in crops of lupine and corn, which can only indicate a tendency to reduce the density of the top layer of soil on variant with combined use of biodynamic drugs №№ 500 and 501.
Re-determination of the density of the upper 10 cm layer after the end of the growing season also shows a tendency to decrease from the use of these drugs, the average data from six fields, from 1.39 to 1.37. This was more evident after the cultivation of buckwheat, where this figure decreased from 1.42 to 1.25. This decrease in density could be due to the use in 2018 of manure compost with biodynamic preparations for this culture. Less pronounced decrease in soil density was in other variants to, 1.32, 1.29, where such manure compost was also applied to buckwheat (variants 4 and 5). The upper soil layer after maize cultivation was also characterized by lower density, under which manure compost with biodynamic preparations was also used.
Also in 2017, almost all crops in this variant showed a tendency to reduce the density of the topsoil. This is evidenced by the average data from six fields, both separately for each year of research and an average of three years.
However, only in 2017, when growing corn on this variant, the decrease in soil density was significant and equal to the smallest significant difference of 0.09. However, the same results obtained in other fields and the average of the whole experiment reliably indicate that the density of the arable layer decreases over the years in all variants of the experiment, if it does not use mineral fertilizers and pesticides.
Characteristically, every year, the density of the upper soil layer gradually decreased in all variants of the experiment, from 1.51-1.47 to 1.25-1.19. When growing oats, winter rye and buckwheat in 1, 2, 3 fields, the most pronounced tendency to decrease soil density was observed when using a new biodynamic preparation and biodynamic preparations №№ 502507 in the composition of manure compost on option 5. However, the average data of the 6 fields for the entire study period did not show a significant decrease in the density of the upper layer from the use of biodynamic drugs.
Measurement of the hardness of the arable layer at its humidity of 5% showed a sharp increase in this indicator from a depth of 11-17 kg / cm2 at a depth of 5 cm to 57-73 kg / cm2 at a depth of 20-25 cm. Lower hardness was characterized by the arable layer of soil after growing corn , where during the growing season inter-row tillage was carried out. In 2006, biodynamic preparations did not reduce the hardness of the soil under any of the crops.
Also at a soil moisture of 7-10%, the hardness of its arable layer increased sharply with depth, from 7-10 kg / cm2 in the upper 5 cm layer to 45-50 kg / cm2 at a depth of 25 cm. The lowest was the hardness of the upper 10 cm layer in crops. buckwheat, 4.7-11.4 kg / cm2, which may be due to the introduction of manure compost under this crop. It was also low in lupine crops, which were sown after corn, under which manure composts were also applied.
From the use of manure compost with biodynamic preparations for buckwheat (options 3-5) there was a tendency to reduce the hardness of the upper 5 cm layer of soil, but such a reduction was insignificant. This tendency to reduce the hardness of the topsoil was also observed in the cultivation of age-oats and lupine, although these crops died in 2017 from drought.
UDC 58.073:58.04
Determination of soil hardness at the end of the growing season in drought conditions showed its sharp growth with a depth of 10-12 kg / cm2 to 72-86 kg / cm2 at a depth of 20 cm. In such conditions, its growth was observed in variants with the use of biodynamic drugs (variants 3- 5) in maize crops at a depth of more than 10 cm. However, according to the average data from 6 fields for the entire study period there was a tendency to reduce soil hardness to the full depth of the arable layer from the use of a new biodynamic drug and manure compost prepared with drugs №№ 502 -507 (option 5). Although the average data from all fields for other variants were almost the same and can not indicate a change in the hardness of the arable soil layer from the use of biodynamic drugs for 5 years, both when applied directly to the soil and with manure compost.
Literature
Trehobchuk V. Kontseptsiia staloho rozvytku dlia Ukrainy / Visnyk NAN Ukrainy. 2002. N 2 [Elektronnyi resurs]. Rezhym dostupu: http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/Portal/all/herald/2002-02/7.htm.
Organic Agriculture and Food Security (IF -OAM Dossier 1, 2002). Rezhym dostupu: https://www.ifoam.bio/.
Willer H. The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2013 / H. Willer, J. Lernoud, L. Klicher. Bonn: Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick and IFOAM Organic International, 2013. 340 p.
Derzhavna tsilova prohrama rozvytku sela na period do 2019 roku [Elektronnyi resurs]. Rezhym dostupu:http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/1158-2007-%D0%BF.
MORPHOMETRIC CHANGES OF PLANTS AS THE BASIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION
To indicate the state of the air around the poultry farm, a bioindication was used using Robinia pseudoacacia L.
Robinia pseudoacacia L. was collected in October 2017-2019. The total number of formed seed germs and the number of them that turned into mature seeds were determined in the collected pods. Next, the percentage of mature seeds was calculated.
Decreased morphometric parameters of the fruit may be due to a decrease in the number of seeds in the beans. The analysis of the number of seeds in the fruits showed a significant decrease in the studied indicator in the SPZ poultry farm compared to the control area.
In acacia pods, which were selected at the experimental site of the poultry farm in 2017, the percentage of mature seeds is 28.8%, at the control site
Nykytiyk P.A.
Polissya National University of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine,
Zhytomyr
73.77%, in 2018 46.6% and 75.6% and in 2019 37.6 % and 74.6% respectively.
The average data for 2017 - 2019 showed that in acacia pods, which were selected in the poultry farm SPZ, the percentage of mature seeds is 37.7%, while in the control area 74.7%, which indicates air pollution in the SPZ poultry farms. Therefore, it should be noted that the air from poultry emissions is insufficiently purified and adversely affects the reproductive system of plants. Therefore, indicator plants can be used both to detect individual pollutants and to monitor the general condition of the air.
Thus, the results of research indicate air pollution in the poultry farm SPA with toxic waste. The bioindication of the state of the environment by the percentage of mature seeds of Robinia pseudoacacia L.
