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INFINITIVE AS A NON-FINITE FORM OF THE VERB IN ENGLISH AND TURKMEN
LANGUAGES
L. Toylyeva, Student
Magtymguly Turkmen State University
(Turkmenistan, Ashgabat)
DOL10.24412/2500-1000-2024-4-5-72-75
Abstract. This article examines the infinitive as a non-finite form of the verb in the English and Turkmen languages. The study is aimed at a contrastive analysis of the use of the infinitive in both languages, taking into account their grammatical and syntactic features. The purpose of the work is to identify similarities and differences in the functioning of the infinitive, as well as to identify its role in the formation of sentences and the expression of various shades of meaning. The research methodology is based on the analysis of language data from linguistic corpora, as well as on a contrastive analysis of literature on the grammar of the English and Turkmen languages.
Keywords: infinitive, verb, non-finite form, the English language, Turkmen language, con-trastive analysis.
The infinitive, as a non-finite form of the verb, is one of the most interesting and complex grammatical constructions in the English and Turkmen languages. Its use and functioning are of significant importance for understanding the grammatical structure of these languages, as well as for analyzing their syntactic features. In this article we attempt a deeper study of the infinitive in the context of contrastive linguistics, focusing on its role and functioning in English and Turkmen languages.
The relevance of this study is due not only to the depth and complexity of the infinitive phenomenon itself, but also to its importance for language analysis, teaching and translation. Understanding the peculiarities of the use of the infinitive in different contexts and its contrastive analysis in two different language systems can provide new insights into the language structure and functioning of grammar.
The purpose of this work is to identify the main characteristics of the infinitive as an non-finite form of the verb in the English and Turkmen languages, as well as to determine its role in the formation of sentences and the expression of various semantic shades. We set ourselves the task of analyzing the use of the infinitive in both languages, taking into account their grammatical and syntactic features, identifying similarities and differences
in the functioning of this grammatical construction, and also describing the features of its use in various contexts.
The research methodology is based on the analysis of language data from linguistic corpora, as well as on a contrastive analysis of literature on the grammar of the English and Turkmen languages. We also refer to examples from authentic texts in both languages to support our conclusions and argumentation.
This study not only contributes to a deeper understanding of the grammatical structure of the English and Turkmen languages, but can also be useful for the development of methods for teaching foreign languages, as well as for translation practice.
Literature review
The infinitive as a grammatical category attracts much attention from linguists and philologists around the world. There is an extensive amount of research in the scientific literature on the infinitive in various languages, including English and Turkmen. In this review we will present key works that have influenced our understanding of the infinitive as a non-finite form of the verb.
The book "A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics" by David Crystal is one of the most authoritative sources in the field of linguistics and phonetics. In this dictionary, the author presents a wide range of terms and concepts used in linguistics and phonetics,
ranging from basic definitions to more specialized concepts.
Crystal approaches the subject matter of her vocabulary with extreme attention to detail and broad knowledge of the subject area. He presents terms in a clear and accessible way, making this book not only a useful reference tool for professional linguists, but also a valuable resource for students and anyone interested in linguistics.
The book pays particular attention to terms related to phonetics and phonology, which makes it especially valuable for studying the sound structure of language and pronunciation. In addition, Crystal also includes terms from other areas of linguistics in her dictionary, such as morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics.
Overall, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics is a must-have resource for anyone interested in learning or teaching language, as well as for those interested in the theoretical aspects of language and its structure [1].
"A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language" is a book created by the joint efforts of Randolph Quirke, Sidney Green-baum, Geoffrey Leach and Jan Svartvik. It represents one of the most complete and authoritative descriptions of English grammar at the time of publication in 1985.
This book is a comprehensive treatment of all aspects of English grammar, from basic elements such as parts of speech and phrasal types to more complex constructions and stylistic features. The authors provide extensive explanations and analyzes that draw on modern linguistic theories and research.
Particular attention is paid not only to the description of grammatical structures, but also to their use in speech and text. The book contains many examples and illustrations that help readers better understand how grammatical structures function in real language contexts.
"A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language" is not only a valuable resource for students and teachers of English, but also for anyone interested in grammar and language structure in general. This book is considered one of the classic studies in the field of English grammar and continues to be an
important and relevant source of information for linguists around the world [2].
In the context of the Turkmen language, significant attention is paid to works such as "Turkmen-English, English-Turkmen Dictionary". Although it is a dictionary, it also contains a lot of information about the grammatical features of the Turkmen language, including information on the formation and use of the infinitive [3].
For a deeper understanding of the contras-tive grammar of English and Turkmen languages, you can refer to works such as the "Turkmen Language Grammar Guide" [4]. In this book, the author compares the grammatical structures of both languages and highlights the similarities and differences in their use.
Taking into account the diversity of literary sources for the study of the infinitive in English and Turkmen languages, it becomes possible to conduct a more in-depth and comprehensive analysis of its form, use and functions in the context of contrastive linguistics.
Main part
The methodology of our research is based on the analysis of extensive corpora of texts in English and Turkmen languages in order to identify typical constructions in which the infinitive is used, as well as on their comparison to identify similarities and differences.
In English, the infinitive is used in various functions. First, it can act as an object to verbs, as in the sentence "I want to study." In this case, the infinitive "to learn" is the object of the verb "want" and expresses a goal or desire. Secondly, the infinitive can be used after modal verbs, for example in the sentence "You should study more.". Here the infinitive "to study" expresses recommendation or advice. In addition, the infinitive can act as the subject or object of a sentence, as in the sentence "To speak English fluently is my goal".
In the Turkmen language, the infinitive also has various functions. It can be used as an object to verbs, as in the sentence "Men oka-mak isleyarin" ("I want to study"). Here the infinitive "okamak" is the object of the verb "isleyarin" and expresses desire or intention. Also, the infinitive can be used after modal verbs, as in the sentence "Sen okamaly bo-larsyn." ("You must study"). In this case, the
infinitive "okamaly" expresses necessity or obligation. In addition, the infinitive can act as the subject or atribute of a sentence, for example in the sentence "Da§ary yurt dilini owrenmek peydaly" ("To learn a foreign language is useful").
A contrastive analysis of the use of the infinitive in English and Turkmen languages allows us to identify both similarities and differences in their functioning. For example, in both languages the infinitive can express purpose or intention, but in English it is more often used after verbs expressing desire or intention, while in Turkmen it can be used more widely in different contexts. In addition, the structures of sentences with infinitives may differ in both languages, which should also be taken into account when analyzing them comparatively.
Thus, based on the analysis of various linguistic data and comparison of grammatical structures, we come to the conclusion that the infinitive plays an important role in both languages, expressing different semantic shades and functions. Further research in this area may deepen our understanding of the use of the infinitive in different languages and its influence on the formation of linguistic structure.
Results:
English language:
- The infinitive in English can act as the object of verbs, modal verbs, or as the subject/object of a sentence.
- It is often used to express a goal, intention, commitment or recommendation.
- The infinitive can form various phrasal structures, such as Infinitive of Purpose (goal), Infinitive of Result (result), and others.
- In English there is also a special form of the infinitive without the particle "to" - Bare Infinitive, which is used after certain verbs and modal verbs.
Turkmen language:
- The infinitive in the Turkmen language can also serve as a complement to verbs, modal verbs, and also as the subject/object of a sentence.
- It is used to express goals, desires, obligations and a number of other semantic shades.
- The Turkmen infinitive can also form various phrasal structures similar to the English language.
- In the Turkmen language there are also features of the formation of the infinitive depending on the context and time.
Comparative analysis:
- Both languages use the infinitive to express similar meanings, such as purpose, intention and recommendation, but there are also differences in the use and formation of the infinitive in both languages.
- The structures of sentences with infinitives may differ in English and Turkmen, which should be taken into account when studying and translating texts.
Overall, the results allow us to better understand the similarities and differences in the use of the infinitive in English and Turkmen and justify the need for further research in this area.
Conclusions and further prospects for the study
In the course of our research, we conducted a comparative analysis of the use of the infinitive as an impersonal form of the verb in English and Turkmen languages. We found that the infinitive plays a significant role in both languages, expressing different semantic shades and functions. In English, the infinitive is often used after verbs, modal verbs and as the subject or object of a sentence, while in Turkmen its use can be more varied.
The main findings of our study confirm the importance of studying the infinitive as a key grammatical category for understanding the grammatical structure and syntactic features of the English and Turkmen languages. The comparative analysis revealed both similarities and differences in the use of the infinitive in both languages, which can be useful for students, teachers and translators.
Further prospects for the study include a more in-depth analysis of the contextual features of the use of the infinitive in various spheres of communication, as well as the study of its role in the formation of specific genre texts. It is also possible to extend the study to other languages for a broader comparison and understanding of the grammatical features of the infinitive in different language systems.
Understanding the role and functioning of sults of our study will be useful both for fur-the infinitive in various languages is an im- ther research in this area and for practical apportant step in the development of linguistic plication in teaching and translation. science and education. We hope that the re-
References
1. Crystal, D. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. - Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
2. Quirk R., Greenbaum S., Leech G., Svartvik J. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. - Publisher: Longman, 1985.
3. Turkmen-English, English-Turkmen Dictionary & Phrasebook (англ.). — Hippocrene Books, 2005. - ISBN 978-0-7818-1072.
4. Turkmen Language Grammar Guide, U.S. Peace Corps Turkmenistan.
ИНФИНИТИВ КАК НЕЛИЧНАЯ ФОРМА ГЛАГОЛА В АНГЛИЙСКОМ И
ТУРКМЕНСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
Л. Тойлыева, студент
Туркменский государственный университет имени Махтумкули (Туркменистан, г. Ашхабад)
Аннотация. В данной статье рассматривается инфинитив как неличная форма глагола в английском и туркменском языках. Исследование направлено на сопоставительный анализ использования инфинитива в обоих языках с учетом их грамматических и синтаксических особенностей. Цель работы заключается в выявлении сходств и различий в функционировании инфинитива, а также в выявлении его роли в образовании предложений и выражении различных смысловых оттенков. Методология исследования основывается на анализе языковых данных из лингвистических корпусов, а также на сопоставительном анализе литературы по грамматике английского и туркменского языков.
Ключевые слова: инфинитив, глагол, неличная форма, английский язык, туркменский язык, сопоставительный анализ.
