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23Отраслевая характеристика реализации в России ESG-стратегий на рынке труда
Ермолаева Юлия Вячеславовна,
научный сотрудник, Федеральный научно-исследовательский социологический центр Российской академии наук (ФНИСЦ РАН)
E-mail: mistelfrayard@mail.ru
В статье на основе официальных отчетов компаний и анализа рейтингов представлены последние достижения ESG - политики российских компаний из самых перспективных отраслей экономики, совершенствующихся через практики устойчивого развития: мусороперерабатывающей отрасли, металлургии, ритейле, IT секторе, нефтедобывающей и нефтеперерабатывающей индустрии, сельском хозяйстве, добывающей промышленности. IT индустрия предпочитает делать ставку на зеленые офисы, рынок ритейла внедряет новую политику устойчивого развития в создании сети коммуникации ответственных производителей и социально-экологических практик и потребует больше менеджеров по устойчивому развитию. Нефтегазовая отрасль является лидирующей по количеству работников и будущему спросу на новые зеленые профессии в области разведки, добычи, переработки нефтегазовых продуктов, а так же в области внедрения новых энергосберегающих технологий, второй по численному составу и применением новых экологических и энергоэффективных стандартов является металлургическая отрасль, которая потребует новых специалистов в смежных областях(обработка данных, металлургия, инжиниринг, экология) за ней следует добывающая промышленность и химические производства, где последует спрос на специалистов в области зеленой химии, инжиниринге, экологическом менеджменте. Мусороперерабатывающая отрасль и органическое сельское хозяйство имеют огромные перспективы развития, потребуют специалистов по управлению и переработке отходов, и специалистов по устойчивому сельскому хозяйству соответственно, однако численность рабочих в данных секторах еще сравнительно мала и не может восполнить спрос в отрасли.
Ключевые слова: зеленые рабочие места, зеленые профессии, модернизация рынка труда, динамика рынка труда, социальная структура.
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International institutions for sustainable development and economic structures impose new requirements on the activities of companies and, in addition to financial reporting, evaluates them from the point of view of investing in sustainable development. At first time, reporting initiatives were voluntary with the aim of strengthening its competitiveness and increasing consumer confidence. But for being considered successfully, a company must demonstrate not only a steady growth in its financial performance, but also has a certain reputation. ESG strategy support allows the company to improve its reputation and the participation of national companies in international ratings will become mandatory. The most authoritative ratings today are RobecoSam (S&P Global), Sustainalytics, FTSE Russell and FTSE4Good MSCI, CDP, ISS, Vi-geo Eiris (Moody's). Analytical agencies compile them on the basis of questionnaires, publications, annual reports and information from open sources.
The RUIE sustainable development indexs in Russia are interconnected. Based on the Responsibility and Openness Index, RSPP experts compile a list of companies that most effectively disclose corporate information. Based on this list there is formed a sample for the "Vector of sustainable development" index and the dynamics of the effectiveness and purposeful-ness of companies' activities analyzing according to ten basic indicators: labor productivity; labor protection and health of employees; remuneration and social support of personnel; training and advanced training of personnel; staff turnover; social investments; emissions into the atmosphere; use of water sources; energy use; waste recycling. The list of indicators was determined taking into account international reporting standards in the field of sustainable development, including the Guidelines and the List of ESG indicators of the World Federation of Exchanges (eng. WFE ESG Guidance, WFE ESG Revised Metrics), as well as the methods of leading indices and ratings in this area[1].
In Russia, the ESG rating is compiled by RAEX Europe, in 2021 it includes 121 companies, now the leader of the rating is Polymetal. The second and third places were taken by Lukoil and Sibur. In the world ranking RobecoSam represents only Polymetal[2].
Reducing the carbon footprint of export products is a global trend, and the carbon intensity of Russian goods will matter regardless of possible changes in the geographic structure of Russian exports.
In the light of recent external political events, the direction of the program for the priority of sustainable development and ESG-transformation of Russian companies is also changing significantly, this initiative should be actively developed and supported by the
state, since it is necessary to attract new loans, investors, buyers. However, the vector is changing significantly - now these are the BRICS countries (especially China and India, the Asian region), the Middle East region and the Asia-Pacific countries. First of all, those projects will be implemented with the principles of ESG helps to obtain a specific result for the initiator or consumers in which Russia already has advantages, for example, energy efficiency projects that reduce the consumption of heat, electricity, fuel, raw materials
and, as consequently, increase the operating profit of the business; development of organic agriculture and high-quality raw materials for ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy.
If relations with the West continue to deteriorate, one of the scenarios is a shift in emphasis to national projects, including those focused on hydrocarbon neutrality. In addition, we will need to create our own internal ratings, which will take into account our country specifics (tabl. 1).
Table 1. Principles of functioning of linear and circular economy in the labor market
Principles of functioning of the «brown» economy Properties of the professional labor market of the «brown» economy Principles of functioning of the green economy Properties of the professional labor market of the green economy
unlimited growth of production at the expense of natural resources The professional market is expanding in line with the concept of growth limited economic growth due to limited natural resource a sufficient number of jobs for the task is alwais taken into account
linear resource management scheme (materials are not returned to the cycle) the scheme does not involve environmentally responsible positions and managers for control, recycling and efficient use of resources round robin resource management model (materials must be recycled or safely disposed of) the scheme involves specialists to ensure the disposal and efficient use of resources
supply-side economy expansion of the labor force, which is not always effective demand driven economy resource efficiency of the work pro-cess\task-oriented schedule
competition through increased differentiation the risk of unemployment, spread in the formation of wages competition based on «polluter pays more», lean manufacturing differentiation due to separation according to the degree of environmental friendliness of enterprises
employment that ensures the growth of production meeting the short-term needs of the labor market, instability employment that provides more than just growth and lean manufacturing flexible market
profit-based pricing that takes into account low pollution charges proliferation of violations, buying rights to pollution pricing based on environmental needs redistribution of profits to solve environmental or social problems or to expand production
lack of corporate social and environmental responsibility policy lack of additional eco-orient-ed positions in the corporation existing effective policy of corporate social and environmental responsibility additional jobs
benefits and the institution of support for social and environmental entrepreneurship is underdeveloped, including the educational institute difficulty in creating an enterprise, lack of performance of functions and prestige benefits and the institution of support for social and environmental entrepreneurship developed, including educational institute the growth of social and environmental enterprises leads to the creation of new eco-friendly jobs and reduces the burden on the environment Expansion of social protection systems
vertical model and centralized model of management and energy supply based on hydrocarbon energy sources the bureaucratic system is less subject to change, sustainable, but not environmentally friendly striving for horizontal and distributed (decentralized) management and energy supply based on green standards independence and growth, perhaps public-private partnerships
Waste management sector and retail. In Russia government planning to approve four sectoral programs of the new federal project «Circular Economy». They will be associated with the use of secondary resources and recycled materials from construction, industrial production and agriculture waste, as well as the use of alternative fuels from waste in industrial production.
In Russia, the new concept of extended producer responsibility will come into force in 2022. «Russian Ecological Operator» (REO) made a preliminary assessment - the waste management industry will create 20,000 new jobs with an average salary of 50,000 rubles per month. At the initial stages, the country will
need almost 8.3 thousand people for the recycling of polymers, 600 jobs for glass, 500 specialists for rubber, 3.5 thousand jobs for electrical appliances, and 528 jobs for converting non-recyclable waste into RDF fuel that may increase to 100 thousand, taking into account the development of the industry, but the system for training the relevant personnel has not yet been prepared[3].
Retailers face challenges to reduce excess consumption and reduce waste, reducing emissions from logistics. Retail is an important link in the production and disposal chains. The trade industry is Russia's largest employer with 16% of jobs in the economy (every sixth person). Dividing retail into green and
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non-green or upgrading a separate part of the industry is not practical, as there is a need to reduce the overall carbon footprint. Retail, on the one hand, forms consumer habits and can choose more or less environmentally responsible suppliers, on the other hand, the consumer votes on the choice of products, which depends on the environmental attitudes of the population. In May 2020, the Ministry of Economic Development issued methodological recommendations on adaptation to climate change and preparing a number of other documents involving the retail sector in sustainable development initiatives. The two largest retail players, X5 Group and Magnit have public sustainability strategies with clear goals and implementation plans, as well as regular reporting. In the strategy of the parent company Metro Cash & Carry - Metro AG. Retail focuses on responsible consumption, reducing waste, improving energy efficiency and promoting a healthy lifestyle. VkusVill does not yet have a public sustainable development strategy, but is actively involved in environmental and social responsibility, promoting individual battery collection and recycling initiatives. Vk-usvill has social responsibility program: the store is hiring, taking into account the material and difficult social situation of citizens[4].
Metallurgy, one of the leading export-oriented industries in Russia, produces 95% of the materials for many industries, currently employing 600,000 wok-kers. Metallurgy consumes 1/5 of the energy of the entire industry and remains the first in terms of GHG emissions. The demand for highly qualified personnel in the sector is already high and will continue to grow. In metallurgy more and more new specialties appear at the interface with IT technologies - data analytics, information processing and analysis, machine learning, artificial intelligence, programming, cybersecuri-ty, robotic process control, mechatronics, personnel management, which can increase wages in the metallurgy sector to 20% per year. In metallurgical shops, most jobs often correspond to the 3rd class of working conditions (harmful) - degrees 3.1-3.4, in which there is an excess of the maximum permissible levels of exposure to harmful factors compared to the permissible values, thanks to the introduction of new environmental standards, these indicators will be reduced.
While in the world the share of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy accounts for 7-9%, in Russia this figure tends to 30%. However, in order to join the modern global trend of a green and circular economy, and comply with international environmental standards, observing the cross-border carbon tax, 17% of Russian metallurgical companies are introducing advanced resource efficiency and energy efficiency technologies in their production. In the production and distribution of electricity, gas and water, the share of such enterprises was 4.1%, in the production of machinery and equipment - 12.6%, in the manufacturing industry - 11.8%. In the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the potential losses of the ferrous metallurgy from the introduction of the tax are estimated at up to $800 million a year, therefore, first of all, it is the exporting companies that need environmental modernization. Thus, the
companies NLMK (Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works), MMK (Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works), Severstal, Evraz, Metalloinvest, Rusal, Norilsk Nickel, TMC increased the share of investment in environmental projects and environmental activities (in aggregate, having invested several tens of million rubles). The volume of production of enterprises is increasing, including due to the replacement of blast furnaces, reduction of carbon intensity, reduction of emissions into the atmosphere, due to the modernization of sulfur recovery plants. By 2050, Metalloinvest expects to achieve carbon neutrality by switching to hydrogen in the technological process, as well as the acquisition of carbon Norilsk Nickel is implementing several programs to improve atmospheric air, the state of water, soil, comprehensive restoration of ecosystems, new eco-technologies will be introduced at the Krasnoyarsk aluminum smelter and Novokuznetsk smelter anovok with «dry» gas cleaning. TMK's plants operate environmental programs in four main areas: land reclamation, water, industrial waste, and the atmosphere.
In Russia, industrial enterprises are just beginning to use renewable energy in industrial cycles, for example, Metalloinvest is acquiring green energy, MMK is going to use solar and wind energy. However, HPPs remain the main source of RES for the Russian metallurgy. Rusal gets almost all of its energy from hydro, which helped launch a low-carbon aluminum brand, while Nornickel gets just under half of its energy from hydro. The gold mining company Polyus has been developing renewable energy sources since 2015, and according to the results of 2020, 20% of the total electricity consumption was occupied by hydroelectric power plants[5].
IT-sector and telecommunications. The total number of ICT personnel of various qualifications is about 1.8 million people, or 2.4% of the economically active population; the digital economy of Russian regions is in dire need of IT personnel. In Europe, the rate of employed in IT varies from 3 to 7%. Sustainable development in the field of telecommunications is aimed at strengthening social indicators - improving the quality of life of workers, gender equality and working conditions through the improvement of the products provided, the development of indirect services. Telecoms are actively investing in the development of solutions related to smart city, as well as the development of the company under the program of social responsibility, charity, the development of local communities, the development of emergency assistance technologies (Beeline, MTS). Improving the state of the environment is achieved by the IT sector by reducing the environmental burden, these are leaders in programs for the introduction of green office. Trade-in programs and computerization of production are known as environmental product initiatives. Huawei, which is known in Russia primarily for phones, laptops and telecommunications equipment, launched the TECH4ALL initiative, within which it is engaged in education, environmental protection, and improving public health[6, 7].
Green Energy sector. In Russia, by 2035, the production and consumption of primary energy resources
is expected to grow by 27-28% compared to 2010. February 16, 2022 «Sustainable Development Monitoring» released a rating of Russian companies' readiness for energy transition, that is, the transition to renewable energy sources reflects the level of energy efficiency of companies and takes into account factors that can contribute to the transition to renewable and low-carbon energy sources. It includes 50 largest holdings from different sectors of production. Among the research criteria are the time series of energy efficiency over 15 years, the share of motor fuel, the level of labor automation, and others. The top three are Polyus, Transneft and Rosseti
Russia does not abandon the raw material export model, and focuses on energy saving and energy efficiency technologies. The growth of RES is expected to be insignificant in terms of the scale of the country, the share of hydropower is projected to grow from 2 to 3%, bioenergy - from 10 to 11%, other RES - from 1 to 4%. Increasing the share of renewable energy and other low-carbon energy sources in the country's energy balance will reduce the carbon intensity of the economy and the level of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere[8] (tabl. 2).
Table 2. Assessment of jobs in the renewable energy sector in the Russian Federation (according to NP "Market Council")
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Summary
Wind 725 725 1450 2175 2175 2900 10150
Solar 1274 1820 2275 2457 2457 2457 12740
Micro Gydro 104 496 496 564 636 636 2932
Other kinds of green jobs 8412 12164 16884 20784 21072 23972 103288
The number of employed workers in the fuel and energy sector does not exceed 2.5 million people, which is less than 4% of the total number of employed workes in Russia. The average salary for an employee of the energy industry is on average: 30 thousand rubles/ per month. Entry-level positions start from 15 thousand rubles/ per month, while the most experienced workers earn from 60-70 thousand/ per month and up to 100-200 thousand rubles in the most responsible positions.
It is assumed that WPP is estimated at 2.9 people per 1 MW of energy produced, SPP - 9.1 people per 1 MW, and SHPP 1.6 people per 1 MW. Related industries - 4 jobs per 1 place in the field of renewable energy. The creation of jobs in the renewable energy sectors will occur as a result of the redistribution of jobs from the traditional hydrocarbon energy sectors, including the extraction and processing, processing of hydrocarbons. The market remains dependent on macroeconomic stability, trade, investment, demand and supply of the energy supply chain, production capacity and current employment levels, economic growth stimulation, energy security levels, increased access to energy and climate change mitigation, jobs in the renewable energy sector are growing for through changes in environmental and educational policies, together with an immediate demand for new technological skills.
Agriculture and food industry. According to FI-BL data in 2019, out of 239 countries in the world, 187 cultivate organic agriculture (78%), 72 of them have their own laws in the field of production and circulation of organic products. 14 countries are in the process of developing and adopting a regulatory framework in the field of organic farming. Registered with IFOAM International as conforming to the core 46 organic standards: 5 operates on the territory of several countries, 29 national. The most developed organic farming regulatory systems exist in Europe, the USA, Japan, In-
dia, Canada and China. Moreover, in a number of CIS countries, laws on organic agriculture have also been adopted, in particular, in Moldova, Georgia, Armenia, and Ukraine. In October 2015, a similar law was adopted in Kazakhstan; in November 2018 in Belarus, legislation is being prepared in Kyrgyzstan. In Russia, the Law on Organic Products was adopted only on August 3, 2018 and entered into force on January 1, 2020. Despite this, from 2010-2014. The Russian market showed fairly intensive growth - an average of 10% per year, but the crisis of 2014 and a number of indirect factors led to the fact that in 2015-2016. the market has reduced the growth rate to about 4% per year. In the period from 2017-2019. the situation has recovered, now there is a steady growth of 8-10% an-nually[9].
Today in Russia, according to the National Organic Union, about 390 thousand hectares of land (according to FIBL - 674 thousand hectares) are certified for organic agriculture and 133 thousand hectares for organic wild plants at the end of 2019. The trend of reducing the number of employees in the agro-industrial complex of Russia corresponds to global trends. Over the past five years, the number of agricultural workers in the country has decreased by 10% to 456.7 thousand people and at the end of 2015 amounted to 4.1 million people, which is due to the technological modernization of the sector and follows global trends. In the dynamics of wages in agriculture, there is also a positive trend. Due to structural changes and organic market reforms, individual farming has grown rapidly. A new class of skilled labor force will be needed that will be able to operate machines as managers and technicians, genetic agronomists, precision farming systems engineers, agronomists-engineers, environmentalists. Agro-industry may cease to be the lot of only rural areas. Vertical city farming is developing in megacities, and every year they occupy an increasing area in Moscow, Singapore, the USA, and Latin
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America. The market will reach the $6 billion mark by 2022. Farmers will be growing crops on rooftops, empty lands and accessible spaces inside buildings, which differ from natural conditions and require additional professional skills. There will be a demand for GMOs -agronomists and biotechnologists who will develop new types of environmentally friendly and hardy crops in the city. A nutritionist, wellness trainer will work with consumers on sustainable nutrition
Green chemistry and industry
The chemical industry was one of the first among the various branches of the world economy to start a business based on the search for a reliable and safe position of sustainable development. Manufacturers of chemicals have long been taking action to introduce modern environmental programs, the introduction of clean and safe technologies, as well as certified products. This is not an easy task, since all this requires significant investment costs associated with the development of innovative technologies, the modernization of production infrastructure or the construction of new installations. Implementation and application of a number of local and international standards, management systems, as well as adaptation of production and sales are necessary.
SIBUR employs 26,000 workers and is ranked among the 1% lowest-risk companies in the petrochemical sector (basic chemistry category) according to Sustainalytics financing and investment decision making. The systematic implementation of ESG principles into the strategy and management system at all levels allows us to evaluate the results of our activities as widely and effectively as possible, creating value for all stakeholders.
In 2020, SIBUR made significant progress in implementing the 2025 Sustainable Development Strategy. In particular, the implementation of the investment phase of the project for the production of "green" granules - PET with the addition of secondary raw materials, a large-scale initiative of SIBUR aimed at introducing the principles of the circular economy (CCE), began. At the same time, we have continued to increase the use of energy produced from renewable sources and consistently reduce greenhouse gas emissions from our operations. We have also implemented dozens of initiatives in all key areas of ESG and strengthened the corporate system by up to 25% development at the level of the Board of Directors. Sibur plans to implement ESG criteria at every stage of production. In 2016, Sibur launched the Formula for Good Deeds corporate charitable program, bringing together the company's socially significant initiatives. This program was awarded the 2017 HR Brand Award as the best social project. The program includes six areas: «City», «Education and Science», «Sport», «Environmental Protection», «Culture» and «Volunteering», as well as a corporate volunteering program.
Grants are used to repair and reconstruct social facilities, improve parks and other public spaces, organize sports and cultural events, equip school laboratories, and carry out other activities aimed at improving
the quality of life in the regions where the company operates. Within the framework of the strategy, it is planned to 2025 year to ensure carbon neutrality of at least one enterprise of the holding. In 2021, Sibur launched a project aimed at utilizing the carbon dioxide generated at Sibur-Neftekhim with a capacity of about 25,000 tons of 100% CO2 per year, processing at least 100,000 tons of polymer waste annually, and it is planned to launch the production of a «green» PET granule with the content of recyclable materials, an increase in the amount of «green» energy in the company's energy balance by 5 times compared to 2020, the construction of a solar power plant with a capacity of about 4.9 MW in Bashkiria. Digital automation is approaching 90%, which can significantly reduce production costs[10].
Oil and gas and oil refining industry
Leading companies from the oil and gas and oil refining industry presented annual reports and reports on sustainable development of Gazprom PJSC, Gazprom Neft PJSC, Rosneft Oil Company PJSC, Surgutneftegaz PJSC, LUKOIL PJSC Tatneft PJSC, Transneft PJSC » in the categories: Extraction of crude oil and petroleum (associated) gas", "Production of natural gas and gas condensate", "Production of petroleum products", "Production of industrial gases", "Transportation through pipelines of oil and petroleum products", "Transportation through pipelines of gas and products of its processing", "Storage and storage of oil and products of its processing" and "Storage and storage of gas and products of its processing" based on Rosstat data. Rosneft, Gaz-promneft, Lukoil are included in the international ESG reporting systems. Rosneft implemented large-scale initiatives in 2020 to reduce carbon emissions, including those related to the utilization of associated petroleum gas, reducing carbon and methane emissions, in future projects, reducing the intensity of emissions in oil and gas production by 30% to global competitive levels for the above types of economic activity, there is an increase of 1.83% over the period under review: the average number increased from 555,633 people to 565,783 workers. The average salary of oil workers is considered one of the highest in Russia and reaches 150 thousand rubles/per month, but there are significant variations depending on the region and working methods, natural conditions. the share of the categories «Managers», «Specialists» and «Employees» prevails over the share of the category «Workers». The distribution of employees by gender in the studied companies is approximately the same, and in the companies represented, the share of women is significantly lower (30-40%) than the share of men (60-70%)[11 ]. The share of employees over 50 years old in the presented companies is approximately the same and, on average, is about 20% of the total number of employees. The real state of affairs in the labor market says that even the largest oil and gas companies experience a shortage of highly qualified personnel.
For the period 2020-2030, companies have planned new interdisciplinary areas and professions
that they plan to introduce: in the IT field (including IT geologists), distributed generation system, renewable energy, specialists in enhanced oil recovery, specialists in unmanned drones for prospecting and development of deposits oil and gas, system engineers for works with nature objects on a full life cycle, telemetry engineers, ecoanalysts, Analyst of large volumes of technological data (DataScientist), Applied specialist in machine learning, specialist working on a full life cycle of an object. BiM modeling (Building Information Modeling_specialist in working with 3D printing, specialists in working with offshore and offshore fields, specialists in quantum technologies, robotics, ecosystem restoration specialist[12].
Green building and constrution
The significant role of the construction complex in the economy of a country or a separate region is explained, first of all, by its close relationship with other sectors of the economy. The problems of staffing the construction industry are particularly relevant at the present time, since how the performance of construction work and its quality depend on the qualifications and experience of the enterprise's personnel. Against the backdrop of freezing the possibility of certifying objects according to the international standards LEED, BREEAM and WELL, the domestic development market, which has already embarked on the path of sustainable development, will need alternative tools to confirm the compliance of projects with a high level of quality and comfort. One of these standards is the SDS "Green Office. Ecogreenof-fice" No. ROSS RU.Z1963.04ZOF0, registered with Rosstandart, which is already successfully operating in Russia. To date, 21 office real estate objects in 9 regions of the country are being certified according to it. At the moment, the following problems are observed in the industry:
1. Significant imbalances between supply and demand in the labor market
construction industry.
2. Significant differentiation of the level of wages by categories of personnel.
3. Insufficient level of professional training of personnel.
4. Due to the shortage of construction workers, most of the construction
firms are forced to use cheap labor of migrants, which negatively affects the quality construction.
5. The lack of necessary working conditions that contribute to the growth of injuries in the workplace place.
6. Insufficient level of technical equipment of construction works, which is negative impact on labor productivity and wages [13].
Mining resource industry
Alrosa's strategic goal is to ensure an environmentally balanced and safe production activity by reducing the burden on the environment. ALROSA cooperates with
regional environmental organizations, ministries and annually
but allocates significant funds to environmental activities, responsibly treats procurement and implements energy-efficient solutions in logistics. The company strives to use advanced technologies in production that minimize the negative impact on the environment, and also expands the use of energy from renewable sources. Last year, we purchased hybrid installations for the use of solar energy to power the camps. ALROSA participates in WWF and FTSE4Good ratings, and maintains a BB rating in the MSCI ESG system. In 2020, the Company took part in the CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project) rating for the first time.
Alrosa has identified five strategic priorities: development of human capital, labor protection and industrial safety, environmental protection, development of the regions of presence, as well as improvement of the management system and adherence to the principles of business ethics. ALROSA seeks to create a corporate culture to unlock and develop the professional potential of employees, as well as provide equal opportunities, the company has one of the best indicators of gender equality in the industry - women make up more than 30% of the staff. The average salary in the ALROSA Group is more than twice as high as in Russia, high social guarantees are provided for employees and we implement corporate social programs in various areas. The personnel management system received a high independent assessment[14]
Литература
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6. Sustainability formula: how large companies are implementing the ESG agenda URL: https://trends. rbc.ru/trends/green/cmrm/61042a549a79479b2b-b0f658
7. Study "IT personnel for the digital economy in Russia". Access mode: https://apkit.ru/news/it-kadry-dlya-tsifrovoy-ekonomiki-v-rossii/ (accessed 09/29/2021)
8. Ermolaeva Yuliya Vyacheslavovna MODERNIZATION OF GREEN JOBS AND PROFESSION-ALIZATION PROBLEMS IN THE SECTOR OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE WORLD AND IN RUSSIA // Financial Markets and Banks. 2021. № 6. URL: https://cyberlenin-
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ka.ru/article/n/modernizatsiya-zelenyh-rabochih-mest-i-problemy-professionalizatsii-v-sektore-vozobnovlyaemyh-istochnikov-energii-v-mire-i-v-rossii (Date of access: 06.05 .2022).
9. Organic union. Trends in the development of organic agriculture in the EAEU
10. SIBUR Sustainability Report URL: http://www. sibur.ru/ru/sustainability/social_report/ (accessed May 16, 2022)
11. MONITORING THE LABOR MARKET IN THE OIL AND GAS COMPLEX // Council for Professional Qualifications in the Oil and Gas Complex, 2021.
12. "Atlas of new professions 3.0" Agency for Strategic Initiatives, 2021
13. Green building standards in Russia URL: https:// stroi.mos.ru/articles/zielienoie-stroitiel-stvo-sozdaniie-komfortnoi-biezopasnoi-i-zdorovoi-sriedy (accessed 05/16/2022)
14. ALROSA. Sustainability Report URL: http://www. alrosa.ru/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ALROSA_ SGO2020_310821.pdf (accessed 05/16/2022)
INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ESG STRATEGIES IN THE LABOR MARKET IN RUSSIA
Ermolaeva Yu.V.
Federal center of theoretical and applied sociology Of the Russian Academy of sciences
The article based on official reports of russian companies and analysis of ratings and presents the latest achievements of ESG - the policy of the most promising sectors of the economy through sustainable development practices: waste processing industry, metallurgy, retail, IT sector, oil and refining industry, agriculture, mining industry. The IT industry prefers to bet on green offices, the retail market is implementing a new sustainable development policy in creating a communication network of responsible manufacturers and social and environmental practices and will require more sustainability managers. The oil and gas industry is the leaders in terms of the number of employees and the future demand for new green professions in the field of exploration, production, processing of oil and gas products, as well as in the implementation of new energy-saving technologies. The second in terms of numbers and the application of new environmental and energy-efficient standards is the metallurgical industry, which will require new specialists in related fields (data processing, metallurgy, engineering, ecology), followed by the mining and chemical industries, where the demand for spe-
cialists in the field of green chemistry, engineering, environmental management will follow. Waste processing industry and organic agriculture have huge development prospects, will require specialists in waste management and recycling, and specialists in sustainable agriculture, however, the number of workers in these sectors is still relatively small and cannot fill the demand in the industry.
Keywords: green jobs, green professions, labor market modernization, labor market dynamics, social structure.
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