19DEVELOPMENT OF "GREEN ECONOMY" IN THE SECTORS OF THE
ECONOMY AND ITS PROSPECTS
Sardorjon Nasulloyevich Burxonov
Master student of Bukhara State University [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This article discusses how to ensure an environmentally friendly lifestyle through the implementation of the "green economy" and the reduction of harmful gases in the atmosphere using energy-saving technologies, at the same time, it is stated that we should leave the developed industrial production enterprises based on the green economy.
The rapid development of the world's population requires the development of environmentally friendly ways to plant greenery, beautify the environment and improve the microclimate.
Lack of balance between the various sectors, industries and sectors for the sustainable development of the economy leads to inefficient use of economic resources in the country, which in turn leads to economic crises, rising unemployment and inflation, and socio-economic decline of the population. causes a negative impact on living standards
It is known that the sustainable use of resources in the energy sector is of particular importance in achieving sustainable economic growth, the process of modernization and structural changes in the economy, the development of the "green economy". Achieving resource efficiency in the energy sector will help change demand and produce new types of products. The transition to green energy will stimulate demand for innovative equipment and technology. This is important for the implementation of the "Green" principles in the national economy.
In the context of shortages of fuel and energy resources and volatile prices for them, measures are being taken to rationally use energy resources in the population and key sectors of the economy, as well as the transition from traditional to alternative energy sources.
Object and subject of research
Object of research- foreign experience and national characteristics of sustainable economic growth. Subjects- The "green economy" is a set of socio-economic relations that take place during development.
Keywords: "green economy", electricity and heat, carbon and renewable sources, the Aral Sea region.
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INTRODUCTION
In our country, special attention has been paid since the early years of independence to the introduction of the principles of "green economy" in industry, the use of economical and high-efficiency energy technologies. In particular, many promising projects are being implemented with the involvement of local and foreign investment. Indeed, energy efficiency can not only be achieved by saving large amounts of natural gas, but also by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and ensuring eco-climate sustainability.
It is known that the development of the economy is directly linked to the supply of electricity and heat. However, in addition to the high cost of its production and local delivery, there is also the problem of releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Therefore, the wider use of carbonaceous and renewable sources is becoming increasingly important.
It is interesting that the project of the joint program "Support to the national economy of Uzbekistan in the transition to carbon development" implemented by the Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction of the Republic of Uzbekistan in cooperation with the United Nations Development Program.
As noted at the briefing organized by the Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction of the Republic of Uzbekistan on 14.05.2020, to date, a joint project "Carbon Development Strategy" and a program of measures for the period up to 2050 has been developed. According to him, 27.3 million tons of oil equivalent energy consumption is expected to be saved due to innovations in practice. In addition, the introduction of alternative energy sources, along with traditional sources of electricity generation, will save 1.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year, 5.5 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity can be generated for additional consumption. According to leading experts in the field, Uzbekistan has a great natural opportunity to implement similar principles of the "green economy"1.(Economyuz)
According to a joint statement issued by the Ministry of Economy and Development and Poverty Reduction, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, "The volume of electricity generation in Uzbekistan in 2017-2021 will increase from 61 billion kWh to 72 billion kWh or 1 , Increased by 1.2 times. At the same time, the amount of electricity supplied to the population for consumption increased from 11 billion kWh to 16 billion kWh, or 1.5 times. However, due to problems with the supply infrastructure According to estimates, the unmet demand for electricity in the
country in previous years amounted to 2-3 billion kWh.
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According to the ministry's calculations, "by 2030, the annual demand for natural gas in the republic will increase from the current 54.2 billion cubic meters to 65 billion cubic meters. In electricity, this figure is expected to increase from the current 74 billion kWh to 110 billion kWh. An additional 19 GW of new power plants will be needed to supply 110 billion kWh of electricity per year"
Another important project that is expected to be implemented in our country is the development of the Program of Environmental Action in Uzbekistan for 20192030. It is noted that the ecological and political environment of the republic is characterized by the transition from the protection of individual elements of nature to the general protection of ecosystems, ensuring optimal performance in human habitation and resilience, and the development of economic sectors based on the principles of "green economy". focused on harmonization.
The program provides for the rational and integrated use of natural resources, as well as water, land, mineral resources and biological resources, the gradual reduction of air, water and land pollution through the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies in production and improvement of technological processes. Improving the mechanism of environmental monitoring to continuously assess the natural environment and forecast its socio-ecological status, the major environmental catastrophe in the region - the Aral Sea problem and other ecologically disadvantaged areas of the country.
DISCUSSIONS
Constantly with this program will be seen, measures will be taken to provide the population with clean drinking water, as well as to rehabilitate sewerage systems and treatment facilities in major cities and settlements, to develop scientific and technical capacity in the field of environmental monitoring and effective use of scientific and technical achievements.
A total of 89.39 billion soums, 1,635.55 million US dollars and 57.63 million euros will be allocated for these control measures. At the same time, about 10.12 billion soums from the state budget, ministries, departments, other organizations, the Fund for Development and Development of Uzbekistan, bank loans, as well as individuals and non-governmental legal entities (optional) 79.27 billion soums, 1247.14 million US dollars and about 57.49 million euros, as well as 3 billion soums from the State Committee for Nature Protection. It is gratifying that foreign investments and other international sources - 388.41 million US dollars and 140 thousand euros, including
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international grants for environmental protection - 3.52 million US dollars and 140
We all know that today in the developed countries of the world, the "green economy" is developing rapidly. In recent years, the world's largest companies are paying special attention to "green" production technologies, in particular, renewable energy sources and modern environmental solutions. First of all, companies have started to use innovative production technologies to reduce emissions and protect the rights of consumers. In these processes, new, safer materials and raw materials, intelligent systems are being used, and more emphasis is being placed on the use of robotics and wireless touch networks. Examples include plant and equipment, collectors, conveyors, reactor status monitors, and interconnected wireless sensors and information systems.
It should be noted that today's modern manufacturing enterprises, in addition to serving the interests of consumers, are moving to the use of environmentally friendly technologies. Experts estimate that the use of such technologies will reduce emissions by 15 %3
(uza.uz)
In countries such as Germany, Denmark and Sweden, the construction of "green" houses is becoming more and more popular. These homes use renewable energy sources. At the same time, their energy consumption is kept to a minimum.
In conclusion, the world economy is becoming more environmentally friendly, inexhaustible and renewable, and is increasingly using energy resources.
The process of transition to a "green economy" is of particular importance for each country and depends on such characteristics as natural capital, human capital and the level of economic development of the country. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to create a favorable environment for the transition process (legal infrastructure, incentives, etc.). The world experience of creating and developing a "green economy" shows that this process is long-term, requires large investments, the main focus is on the efficient use of renewable energy sources, the development of energy-saving technologies.
In December 2011, the European Committee developed an "Energy Roadmap 2050" for 2050. According to the plan, by 2050 the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the air will be reduced by 80% compared to 1990, and the use of electricity from renewable energy sources will be reduced by 75%.
thousand euros2.
,2
(stat.uz)
CONCLUSION
These changes need to be felt first and foremost by people, by consumers. Only then will an environmentally friendly I
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lifestyle become the norm, and as a result, we will be able to leave to the next generation the most environmentally friendly, as well as developed industrial enterprises based on the "green" economy.
There is an objective need to create a "green economy" in the context of limited resources and the negative consequences of environmental problems. The transition to a "green economy" will allow for more efficient use of resources, environmental sustainability, job creation and sustainable economic growth. As the world's population continues to grow, the demand for energy cannot be met by existing energy systems. More than 65 countries around the world have set goals for the wider use of alternative and renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and hydropower, as well as hydrogen, biogas and others.
REFERENCES
1. Theoretical and practical aspects of sustainable economic growth on the basis of "green economy", scientific electronic journal "XXI century: science and education".
2. A.V. Vaxabov, Sh. H. Khajibakiev, Theoretical and practical aspects of sustainable economic growth on the basis of "Green Economy", Scientific electronic journal "XXI Century: Science and Education". 2020
3. Analysis of the stages of sustainable economic growth and its provision, Scientific electronic journal "Economy and Innovative Technologies", №16, November-December, 2020
4. "Green economy" as a global development strategy in the post-crisis world
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