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Section 9. Technical sciences
Abbasov Erkin Sodikovich, doctor of technical sciences, professor Feruza Nabievna Nasretdinova, Senior Lecturer of the Department"Electric Power" Uzbekov Mirsoli Odiljanovich, Assistant of the Department"Electric Power" Ismoilov Ibroximjon Keldiboyevich, Assistant of the Department "Electric Power" Fergana Polytechnic Institute, Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
TECHNIQUE - ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF SOLAR AIR COLLECTOR IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FERGANA REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. In recent years, the demand for energy by geometric progression increases with an increase in production capacity, population, and with an increase in the standard of living of the population. This development has led to the depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation throughout the world. To this end, the use of environmentally friendly renewable energy sources is an urgent task and the main strategy of all countries. In this article, the optimal place to use a solar air heater is chosen in the natural climatic conditions of the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. A technical and economic comparison of the solar air heater with a traditional heat source was also made.
Keywords: Renewable energy sources, Solar energy, solar heating, solar collectors, solar air heater, efficiency.
One of the promising areas of renewable energy is the direct production of environmentally friendly heat for the air conditioning system, the drying of agricultural products with the conversion of solar radiation [1]. The easiest way to convert solar radiation into heat energy is to use solar air heaters. Among the various types of solar thermal installations, solar air heaters are widely used due to their lower cost and simplicity of design [2]. In the air heating system, the solar collector is the main component, which, receives solar radiation, then it, converts and collects direct and scattered sunlight in the form of heat and transfers thermal energy to the coolant [3]. The elements of the simplest solar air heater are (Fig. 1.): a case for collecting heat 4, a transparent coating 2 that transmits solar radiation inside the collector and protects the radar absorbing surface (absorber) from the external environment and reduces heat losses from the front side of the collector. Absorber 3 absorbs solar radiation, converts it into heat and transfers it to the coolant. Thermal insulation 1 reduces heat loss from the rear and side surfaces of the collector [4; 5; 6].
Figure 1. 1 - Thermal insulation,2 - Absorber, 3 -transparent coating, 4 - Case, 5 - air flow
The principle of operation of the solar air collector is as follows: most of the solar radiation incident on the collector is absorbed by the absorber, which has a black surface in relation to solar radiation. A part of the absorbed energy is transferred by the air flow circulating in the collector, the rest is lost in the process of heat exchange with the environment. The heat carried away by the coolant which is the useful heat that is accumulated or used to cover the heat demand [7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12].
For the reliability of the economic feasibility of the use of a solar air heater in a particular area and taking into account all the positive aspects of a solar air heater are demanded to perform a feasibility study. For the accuracy of the technical and economic analysis, the geographical location and climatic conditions of the area, where the ICS is applied, are taken into account. In this area, the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan is considered as an area for calculation.
The Fergana region is located in the eastern part of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the southern part of the Fergana Valley at an altitude of580 meters above sea level at a latitude of 40.38 °C and 71.78 °B. The main part of the annual dura-
Table 1
tion of sunshine is the volume within 2900-3100 hours. The climate of the Fergana region is continental.
From a technical and economic point of view, the factors affecting the operation of the ICS, the Fergana region, can be divided into three territories: Kokand, Fergana, Shakhimardan, according to the totality of climatic and solar resources, such as air temperature, solar radiation density, wind speed, etc.
Below are shown the climatic conditions of the above factors in the indicated territories of the Fergana region during the year: in table 3.5 - ambient temperature t, °C; in table 3.6 - the average total solar radiation W/m2; in (table 3) -the average duration of sunshine T, h for region.
. [13]
territory Month
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Kokand -1.8 1.6 8.4 16.4 21.6 25.6 27.4 25.5 20.1 13.1 5.5 0.4
Fergana -1.7 1.5 7.9 15.6 20.8 25.0 26.9 25.0 19.7 13.1 5.7 0.7
Shakhimardan -1.6 -1.7 3.2 10.4 14.4 18.7 22.2 21.3 16.4 10.3 3.9 -1.1
Table 2 [13]
Territory Month
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Kokand 195 267 389 518 707 792 810 740 579 383 225 150
Fergana 193 266 387 517 706 792 808 739 578 383 228 151
Shakhimardan 191 264 384 515 704 789 800 735 571 378 219 145
Table 3. [14]
Month
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
110.4 121 149.4 213.7 279.4 328.2 354.9 347.8 293.6 228.6 139.4 102.2
It can be seen from the above tables that the territories of the Fergana region do not differ much from each other. Less favorable climatic conditions for the operation of ICS, despite the relatively high rates may occur in the western part of the region where the territory of Kokand is located. The territory of Kokand is located in the neck of the Fergana Valley because of this, a strong wind often occurs in this area, which reduces the efficiency of the ICS. Taking into account the above factors, the territory with the most favorable conditions, namely the territory of Fergana, was considered for further calculations. Here, the average monthly intensity ofsolar radiation on a horizontal surface varies from 0.151 kW/m2 in December to 0.808 kW/m2 in June.
It is also necessary to take into account the daily variation of the duration of sunshine T according to which during the winter months the longest sunshine is observed (13.6-15.5 h), which falls on the interval from 10 to 14 h. In spring, it increases and the highest values (17.2-24.2 h) fall
on 11-12 h. In summer, the longest sunshine duration is observed from 9-10 to 13-14 h and amounts to 29.4-29.8 h on average per hour interval. In the autumn season, the duration of sunshine is reduced compared with summer, but its influence is slightly higher than in spring. These differences are due to increased cloudiness in the spring months compared with autumn. The longest sunshine (25 hours) in October is observed from 10-11 to 12-13 hours [14; 15].
Taking into account the above-mentioned climatic conditions and the results of the experimental research conducted on efficiency and the optimum consumption found from them at various levels of solar radiation of ICS, given in this chapter, it is possible to calculate the effectiveness of using ICS for a year. To calculate the generalized climatic conditions of the territory of Fergana is given in (table 4).
Table 4.
Month Q, W/m2 T, h Work time of ICS accounting, T, h Average CF ICS t, oc
I 193 110.4 73.5 0.3 -1.7
II 266 121 73.5 0.33 1.5
III 387 149.4 111.8 0.4 7.9
IV 517 213.7 173.3 0.45 15.6
V 706 279.7 262.7 0.5 20.8
VI 792 228.2 297.5 0.6 25.0
VII 808 354.9 327.6 0.6 26.9
VIII 739 347.8 337.2 0.5 25
IX 578 293.6 274.8 0.4 19.7
X 383 228.6 195.6 0.4 13.1
XI 228 139.4 117.3 0.33 5.7
XII 151 102.2 82.2 0.3 0.7
The calculation results were processed using the Exel program and are shown below in (Fig. 2) graphically.
- generation of powering the air conditioning system for the year, kW • h; - total solar power, falling horizontal surface per year, kW • h. Figure 2. Optimum generation of useful thermal energy of VCS per m2, depending on solar radiation per year
From the calculations it can be seen that for the year the generated heat from the solar air heater with an area of 1 m2 is 692 kW • h, the highest heat generation is observed in the summer season, the total time of424 kW • h is the maximum in July 159 kW • h of heat per month low heat generation in winter -14.4 kW • h, the minimum figure in December is 4.2 kW • h,
while the level of total solar radiation per year is 1527 kW • h. Analysis of the efficiency of operation of 1 m2 of the internal airways makes up 45% per year. According to the tariffof the Republic of Uzbekistan from April 1, 2018, the cost of electricity used for heating, hot water and air conditioning is 241.5 soums. The calculation of the solar air heater is given in (table 5).
Table 5.
n/n Materials name Material size Price of one item thousand soums Expense thousand soums
1 2 3 4 5
1. Glass 1 M2 26 42
2. Aluminium shape 15 m 6 90
3. sheet metal plate 1 M2 36 36
1 2 3 4 5
4. Cutting machine 2 2
5. Pipe 32 1 3 3
6. Fan 20 W 50 50
7. Shaving 3 kg 0.5 1.5
8. Cost price 224.5
9. Service manufacturing 50
Market price 274.5
Comparison of the results with the electric air heater is given in (Table 6).
Table б.
п/п Materials name Consuming electricity for heating 692 kW /h Set price Thousand soums Price of 1 kW energy Expense of electricity thousand soums Total expense thousand soums
1. Calorifer 865 250 241.5 208.897 458.897
2. ICS 50 274.5 228.6 11.430 285.93
Economy of using ICS in 1 year thousand soums.
3. 155.043
cover of expenditure ICS. years
4. 1.8
Conclusions: Considering the sharp increase in energy the world, the reduced cost method is distorted by the use of
demand caused by the increase in population, the develop- plants using renewable energy, it should be considered as a
ment of science and technology, which led to a decrease in way out of the current situation [16].
mineral resources and environmental degradation throughout
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