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Umirova S.R.
Master of Karshi State University
IMPORTANT ISSUES OF APPLE GROWING TECHNOLOGY IN
INTENSIVE ORCHARDS
Annotation. This article provides a brief description of intensive apple orchards, their structure, features, use, organization and highest profitability indicators.
Key words: acceleration, intensive, apple, variety, wire rope, order, rate, growth, disease, pest, vegetation.
Introduction. Fruits grown in Uzbekistan have long been known for their taste and high quality. In addition, processed products from fruits grown in Uzbekistan are distinguished by their high quality (dried fruits, juices, jams, etc.). In our country, it is necessary to increase efficiency, productivity and areas of horticulture using modern technologies[6,7]. Our state pays great attention and invests to the acceleration (intensification) of the fruit and vegetable industry in our republic. Acceleration of horticulture and viticulture means obtaining more and better quality products at the lowest possible cost. In addition, in order to further improve apple cultivation, testing of new, productive, high-quality fruit varieties of apples and their introduction into wide production, application of advanced agrotechnical measures, implementation of combined protection methods against pests and diseases. in the fight against apple diseases, the use of drugs with disease prevention and treatment properties, cultivation of apple seedlings by grafting virus-free varieties on virus-free grafts, further improvement of the methods of harvesting, packaging and cold storage, as well as the knowledge of farmers and agronomists, modern it is necessary to ensure their increase in accordance with horticultural innovations[4,6].
Materials and methods. The chemical analysis of the soils of our intensive apple orchards showed that the amount of humus in the plowed (0-30 cm) and under-plowed layers is 1.13-1.17; total nitrogen - 0.12-0.15; total phosphorus -0.24-0.30; total potassium - 2.05-2.16 percent, mobile phosphorus -- 17.1-22.1; exchangeable potassium - 210-221 mg/kg, it was determined that the soil is provided with low humus and mobile phosphorus, and average exchangeable potassium.
Therefore, the Garden's income depends on many factors. Before planting fruit trees, the choice of place and land, as well as the method of giving shape to the varieties and seedlings, determine the future of the garden. The economic status of the orchard depends on the extent to which it produces fruit that meets market requirements after its establishment. Especially the harvest from one hectare in the first years
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List of apple varieties imported to the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2021-2022.
№ apple variety № apple variety
1 Aydored 13 Jonagold (Jonagold Dekosta, Jonaprins, Rubinstar)
2 Alva* 14 Koks Oranj Pippen*
3 Arnabel* 15 Krimpson Krisp*
4 Arnika* 16 Ligol*
5 Breyburn* 17 Melroz*
6 Vilyams Prayd* 18 Mutsu*
7 Gala (Gala Mast, Gala Natali, Brukfild, Bukey Gala) 19 Pink Ledi*
8 Gibson* 20 Pinova*
9 Gloster* 21 Piros*
10 Golden Delishes (Reynders, Smusi) 22 Primo*
11 Grenni Smit* 23 Red Delishes (Red Chif, Skarlet Spur, Jero- min, Starking)
12 Jinjer Gold* 24 Red Fri*
quantity is one of the most important factors. If you continue to use old-fashioned thinking and methods in the establishment of apple orchards, selection and care of varieties, the quality and quantity of fruit grown in apple orchards in the future will be low, and diseases may cause large losses.
One of the main factors that ensure our productivity in intensive orchards is the thickness of planting seedlings. Planting density, tree shape, and final tree size are of great importance for both short-term and high-yield production. Gone are the days of planting fewer trees per hectare and tending to larger trees, as they are becoming more productive with new intensively planted fruit trees. Discussion of research results. Lighting arrangement is also important in intensive gardens. Light is the main factor of photosynthesis. It helps the growth and formation of plant organs. It affects the transpiration of leaves, the direction of growing organs, etc. The leaves of a thin branch receive more light than the leaves of a thick branch.
When there is a lack of light, flower buds do not form, and leafy branches grow upward very quickly, elongate and thin. When there is a lack of light for a long time, the leaf plates become small and colorless. In such branches, buds are written late, often do not fully develop, and flower buds bloom with defects. Fruits are smaller in size. The fruits inside the tree will not have a specific color (red or pink). Lower branches are deprived of growing branches and quickly dry out.
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As the tree grows, a large leaf cover is formed, light becomes the limiting factor for the further growth and development of the tree. The peripheral light is 5-15 times stronger than the light inside the tree. Therefore, the harvested branches are pushed from the inner part of the tree to the outer part, and the branches that do not touch the light begin to dry.
In addition, when signs of microelement deficiency are found in apple trees, chelate products containing the missing microelement can be sprayed on the leaves one or more times during the growing season. Before use, you can fully study the recommendations of the manufacturer, and then carry out processing. Most micronutrients can be added to formulations for disease or insect control. The amount of micro and macro elements in the leaves is presented in Table 1. Summary. So, if we analyze the results of our research and research, there are aspects that deserve special attention in apple cultivation in intensive orchards. In particular, the importance of planting thickness, shaping in gardens, feeding, control of the light regime in the leaves, selection of special varieties and grafted seedlings in the conditions of the soil environment is very important.
LITERATURE
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2. Белик В.Ф. - Бахчевые культуры. Москва. 1975. -С.145.
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