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Chikovani Manuchar, Associate Professor State University. A. Tsereteli Georgia Kupatashvili Natalia, Associate Profesor Kurasbediani Mariam, A. Tsereteli State University. (Georgia, Kutaisi) E-mail: manucharchiqovani65@mail.ru
HYDROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME MINERAL WATERS
Abstract. Hydrochemical analysis of some mineral waters of Georgia was carried out. Lentekhi Municipality of the Svaneti region (lower Svaneti), in particular the mineral waters of the Bavaria rock, the Bavaria yard and Babili. For the first time, chemical methods were used for determined of ions Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3, Cl-, I-, oxygen dissolved in water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, total iron, while ions of Na+, K+,Li+,NO2, S2-and ammonia by photometric methods, mainly for the determination were selected relatively simple, and good repeatability methods of titration and photometry. By experimentation it was established that the investigated waters are mineralized with weak acidity (pH 5.32-5.61). In the analyzed mineral springs, the above ions are within the norm and their use as drinking water is reasonable.
Introduction Since ancient times, humanity has been interested in the nature of mineral waters. In antiquity, the origin of mineral water was explained by rather primitive idea, and in its application certain superstitions prevailed about water as the lifeblood. Facts reveal that in ancient Georgia, mineral water was in wide use. At present time, as an answer to increased consumption of mineral water, springs are also developed. It should be noted that mineral waters are a type of natural waters, the study of the chemical composition of which was started more than 150 years ago and is still continuing to understand their healing properties.
Mineral water has a noteworthy healing and therapeutic effect and for this reason it should be studied deeply. The chemical hydrologists are given plenty of research freedom to obtain results. Mineral water - is groundwater, which is characterized by the chemical composition and physicochemical properties. Mineral content is not considered a significant criterion for the therapeutic properties, since there are mineral waters with very low mineral content, on the other hand for therapeutic properties, as well as its underlying mechanism and effect on health requires studying chemical composition of water.
For proper understanding of mineral water, it is first necessary to know its ionic, salt and gas composition of water, temperature and radioactivity. It is also necessary to determine the specific trace elements of water, which will make it possible to establish the functional dependence of these trace elements, and with other constituent elements of water. On the surface of the Earth, mineral waters appear due to hydrostatic or gas pressure, as enriched water sources.
Under the influence of natural processes, the chemical composition of mineral waters can be changed. The chemical composition of mineral water formed in the earth's crust and deeper, can be enriched with specific trace elements. The physicochemical processes occurring in the earth's crust markedly change the composition of mineral waters.
One of the characteristic features of the chemical composition of mineral water is the presence of an ionic composition. The study of the gas composition, together with other physicochemical properties, is a necessary condition for the general understanding ofwater. Gases at a certain depth under the influence of high hydrostatic pressure are in a soluble state. Mineral waters are often saturated with gases. With a change in temperature and pressure in water, gases that are soluble in water begin to surface as small bubbles.
In the studied mineral waters, oxygen and carbon dioxide are gases found. CO2 has good water solubility and earth is rich with carbon dioxide-containing minerals. In the earth's crust, heavy metals undergo migration of hydrocarbons in the form of hydrocarbonates, since groundwater is saturated with CO2 [1].
Goal of research. The object of the study is the three mineral springs of Lentekhi Municipality: spring of Bavaria yard and spring of Bavaria rock, 500 m apart from each other and the mineral spring of the village of Babili, which is 3 km away from them.
Lentekhi Municipality is located in Western Georgia, in the Svaneti Range in the southern part of the upper basin of the Tskheniskali river. Lentekhi has a humid climate. There is a cold winter and a short summer. Its territory is mountainous,
shaped by branching border ridges. Lowland areas are mainly composed of river gorges, and subtropical and glacial relief characteristic of mountain gorges. In the area because of the hilly terrain, there is a zonal climate distribution by height. In the highest places, the climate is humid due to constant heavy snow and frost. The main river of Lentekhi Municipality is Tskhenist-skali, which rises from the main drainage range of the Caucasus. Babili village is located in the southern branch of the Svaneti Range in the upper right corner on the bank of the Tskhenist-skali river, three kilometers from the center of Lentekhi [3].
Water consumption with a specific purpose requires a deep chemical examination of its physical - mechanical, organoleptic quality and determination of the chemical composition. After which, on this basis, quality assessment is carried out [4].
Experimental part. Methods for determination of chemical elements in water.
The main analysis was carried out at Akaky Tsereteli State University in the laboratory of analytical chemistry, and in the laboratory of the Gamma company and in the Ferdinand Ta-vadze Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science. The hy-drochemical, proven methods in practice, were used for the analysis [5].
Indicator of acidity is pH 673-M. The specific gravity of the electrical conductivity of the water sampled is measured by the method of conductometry in pre-temperature-con-trolled samples.
The dry residue remaining after evaporation of water at 110 °C was determined by the gravimetric method. Hydrocarbons were determined by acidomytractive method. 0.01 mol/eq. of hydrochloric acid was used as the titrant. Methyl-red was used as an indicator.
Chlorides were often determined by the mercurimetric method. 0.01 mol/eq. of Hg(NO3) was used as the titrant, diphenyl carbonate as the indicator.
Highly mineralized water is sulfate ions, determined by the classical gravimetric method, sedimentary form of BaSO4.
The content of calcium and magnesium, as well as the total hardness of water are determined by the complexometric titration. Exposure to heavy metals was limited by the addition of Na2S - in parallel determinations.
Biogenic substances were identified by photometric methods: NH3 - by Nessler's reagent; NaNO2 - by Griess reagent; NO3 - by salicylate sodium, and PO34 by ammonium phosphomolybdate (blue).
To determine the concentration of potassium sodium and lithium, we used the bolometric method and FPF-58 (OnO-58) flame photometer.
Dissolved oxygen was determined by the iodometric method. 0.02 mol/eq. of the concentration of Na2S2O3 solution, starch was used as an indicator.
The total iron content was determined by photometric method content. photometer
To determine the total concentration of organic matter used oxygen, permanganometric and bichromatic methods
In the studied water, this content is determined by the alkalimetric method. 0.01 mol/eq. concentration of sodium alkali solution was used, phenomophaleine was used as an indicator.
Iodide ions are determined by the Reznikov method. Sodium thiosulfate was used as the titrant, and starch was used as an indicator [6].
The data of electrical conductivity, deposits of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO-, Cl-, SO24, dissolved oxygen, Na+, K+,Li+, total iron content of CO2, N03, NO-2, PO34, NH3, S2-, I-, ions of some mineral waters of the village of Babili, Lentekhi Municipality, are presented in (Table 1).
Experiment discussion. he mineral waters of Lentekhi Municipality are, on average, mineralized, therefore their reaction is slightly acid (5.3-5.6).
Ions of Mg2+, Ca2+, HCO-, Cl-, SO2-, Li+, Na+, K+, C02, I- and the total iron content of studied mineral waters of the Lentekhi Municipality vary widely.
The electrical conductivity of the mineral waters we studied is the highest in the acidic (mineral) water of the village of Babili, 0.2171, the smallest in the mineral water of the Bavaria yard - 0.1470 s/m.
The dry residue is the highest in the mineral water of Bavaria, 1.3 mg/l, relatively small in the mineral water of the Bavaria yard - 0.95 mg/l. A large amount of HCO- ions are contained the mineral water of the Bavaria rock - 26.35 mg/l, and less than its content in the mineral water of the Bavaria yard - 18.84 mg/l.
The content of Cl- ions is variable. The largest amount of Cl- ions is found in the mineral waters of the Bavaria rock -2.01 mg/l, while its content is relatively small in the mineral water of Babili - 0.736 mg/l.
The large amount of SO2- ions is found in mineral waters of Babili - 2.966 mg/l and its content is insignificant in the mineral waters of the Bavaria rock - 1.030 mg/l.
The largest amount of soluble oxygen is contained in the mineral waters of Babili - 0.98 mg/l, and in the mineral waters of the Bavaria rock - 0.30 mg/l, oxygen content is higher in mineral waters of Babili - 1.92 mg/l, while its content in mineral waters of the Bavaria yard is small - 0.91 mg/l.
- Na+content is higher in the mineral waters of Bavaria -162.8 mg/l, while Na+ content in mineral waters of Bavaria yard - 61.8 mg/l.
The content of K+ ions in the mineral waters of Bavaria -162.8 mg/l, while in the mineral waters of the Bavaria yard, its content is 61.8 mg/l.
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The content of ions in the mineral waters studied by us is almost the same. A relatively large number of K+ ions contained in the mineral waters of the Bavaria rock - 3.74 mg/l, while the mineral waters of the Bavaria rock contain 3.14 mg/l of K+ ions.
A small amount of lithium alkali metal ions is contained in the mineral waters studied by us. A high content of Li+ ions was found in the mineral waters of the Bavaria rock- 0.09 mg/l, while it is low in mineral waters of Babi-li - 0.04 mg/l.
Total iron content is also unequal. A large amount of total iron is found in the mineral waters of Bavaria -0.102 mg/l, and its content in mineral waters of Babili -0.02 mg/l.
CO2 content is approximately the same. In studied mineral water of the Bavaria rock - 0.030 mg/l hile its small amount is found in the mineral water of the Bavaria yard - 0.026 mg/l.
The content of biogenic substances studied by us in the mineral waters of Babili, the Bavaria yard and the Bavaria rock are far below the norm. We also failed to find a sensitive method for detecting sulfide ions.
The content of iodine ions is high in Bavaria mineral waters - 0.85 ^g/l. And a relatively small amount is contained in the mineral water of the Bavaria yard - 0.10 ^g/l
A quantitative spectral analysis of some dry alkaline mineral waters of Lentekhi Municipality was performed.
Analysis results are shown in (Table 2).
Conclusion. In summary, in some mineral waters of Len-tekhsky Municipality for the first time physicochemical methods were used to determine Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO-, Cl-, SO2-, Na+, K+,Li+, CO2, NO-, NO-2, PO34, NH3, S 2, I- ions. acidity, mineralization, oxygen content, electrical conductivity, and also dry residue during mineralization.
It has been established by electrical conductivity that the above concentration is directly proportional to of acidic waters.
Study of the Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO-, Cl-, SO2;, Na+, K+,Li+, CO2, NO-, NO-2, PO3;, NH3, S 2, I- content and the total amount of iron in the mineral waters under consideration does not exceed the norm and its use as drinking water from a therapeutic point of view is reasonable.
References:
1. Беленький С. М. Лаврешкина Г. П. Минеральные воды.- Москва «Легкая и пищевая промышленность», 1982.-С. 30-34.
2. Вестник. Национальная академия наук Грузии, Серия химическе науки, 2016.- T. 42.- No. 3.- С. 416-418.
3. Грузинская Советская Энциклопедия.- Т. 6. 1986.- 189 с.
4. Брегвадзе Т., Натадзе М. Мамулашвили Г. Химия и микробиология воды.- Тбилиси, 1987.- П. 5.
5. Унифицированные методы анализа воды.- М. 1973.
6. Резников А., Муликовская Е., Соколов И. Методы анализа природных вод.- М. 1970.- 261 с.
