CC BY
12
Научни трудове на Съюза на учените в България-Пловдив, серия Б. Естествени и хуманитарни науки, т. XV, 2013 г. Научна сесия „Техника и технологии, естествени и хуманитарни науки", 25-26 X 2012 Scientific researches of the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria-Plovdiv, series B. Natural Sciences and the Humanities, Vol. XV, ISSN 1311-9192, Technics, Technologies, Natural Sciences and Humanities Session, 25-26 oktober 2012.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER IN SEVERAL VILLAGES IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ZVECAN
Florent DOBROSHI 1,Ilirian MALOLLARI 2
1 Departament of Technology, University of Prishtina, Kosova 2 Departament of Chemistry, University of Tirana, Albania
Summary
Zvecan lies in the northern part of Kosovo. It is known as the center of the largest mining and industrial and polluted not only in Kosovo, but also for the European dimension
Environmental pollution in Zvecan surroundings is due to the exploitation of mineral resources (It is estimated that nearly half of Kosovo's mineral reserves 49.7% is concentrated in the vicinity of Mitrovica), intensive development of ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry and above all as wrong location due to industrial facilities and outdated technology which is used in industry. Large number of polluting facilities in a relatively small space, high rate of exploitation configuration of the terrain with wind rose, inadequate urban choice, etc., accompanied by a high degree of environmental pollution, thus making the population lives in Zvecan and in its surrounding settlements.
This paper is the work for the purpose of sensitization of the public and wider state momemtale in the municipality, and the actions required to be taken for more effective monitoring of pollution tracking.To review data refer to the National Institute of Public Health in Mitrovica: evaluation results in the period 2011-2012 through the measuring points indicate an excess of the allowed maximal concentrations of water pollutants not only residential areas, but also areasindustrial.To review data were taken at the National Institute of Public Health in Mitrovica
The main purpose of this study was to identify some physical and chemical characteristics of drinking water in some villages in the municipality of Zvecan. On the basis of these analyzes is tested access to drinking water resources is taking this water.
INTRODUCTION
This paper is dedicated to the purpose of sensitization of the public and wider state momemtale in the municipality and the actions needed to be taken to a more efficient monitoring of pollution tracking. To review data refer to the National Institute of Public Health in Mitrovica. Evaluation results in the period 2011-2012 through the measuring points indicate an excess of permissible concentrations of pollutants to water not only for residential space, but also to industrial areas. To review data were taken at the National Institute of Public Health in Mitrovica.
Water is the most common substance on earth. As such, water is necessary for life and
development of the living world. The role and importance of water is very great: physiological, hygienic, economic and ecological. According to reports from the World Health Organization each year as a result of unsanitary water use sick about 500 million people. The total amount of water on earth is estimated to be, which amount 97.4% sea water, while 2.6% is fresh water (drinking).
From this quantity of fresh water 4/5 are in the form of glaciers, while approximately 1/5 can not be used, because there are deep inside the earth. Less than 1% of fresh water (about 0.014%) of the total mass is accumulated in groundwater, lakes, rivers, flora and fauna as well as the atmosphere.
In Kosovo, 44% of residents are connected to piped water, 28% have sewerage, 62% of the rural population receive water from unhygienic wells, where the distances pit toilets are not adequate. Kosovo occupies the last place in Europe with connection to water supply and sanitation.
Supply the population with drinking water poses many requirements and specific criteria, ranging from water quality, the construction and purification technology, the various operations of preparation, supervision and supply reservoirs to distribution customers. Therefore, physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis is necessary.
The presence of certain chemical substances in drinking water is the first desirable by the fact that they give it certain characteristics. Drinking water should be in the first place clean, which means biological bacteriological purity, then be clear, no taste, no smell and no fever gives refreshing taste. Refreshing and desirable taste properties of water are the result of dissolved gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and small amounts of calcium bicarbonatei. The concentration of oxygen in water depends, apart from temperature and partial pressure, the degree of water pollution. The presence of reductionism substances: ammonia, iron (II), nitrites, and other substances, that easy oksidohen, disrupt this balance, thereby diminishing the amount of dissolved oxygen, so that the concentration of dissolved oxygen can be data on the presence of various impurities in the water.
One of the important parameters, which indicates the degree of purity of the water, ie its pollution, chemical consumption of oxygen (GO) or oksidueshmeria, showing the necessary amount of oxidative reagjentit oxidation of colloidal substances, organic or inorganic molecular . As high as GO's presence, it is an indicator of water pollution and shows the need for cleaning. Products of decomposition of organic substances, that is water under the influence of special bacteria, provide water and unpleasant odor thus making it unfit for drinking.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Water quality research in several wells to villages in the municipality of Mitrovica, have used samples taken from the field.
Some of the parameters (aroma, color, turbiditeti, temperature, pH value, chloride and coliform bacteria termotolerante originating from faeces) are defined in the device "Portals Water Testing Kit", while other parameters (specific electric conductivity, consumption of KMnO4, the residue without the filter dry, dry residue after filtration, suspended substances, nitrites, iron and manganese, are defined in the institute, "Regional Institute of Public Health in Mitrovica".
Measurement of the temperature, the amount of chlorine, pH value turbiditetit and is carried out in the field, whereas the determination of coliform bacteria termotolerante originating from faeces is done in the laboratory.
Temperature is measured with a simple thermometer laboratory.
Analysis of chlorine and pH value were performed in the comparators, which is an integral part of the apparatus [2].
Water samples were taken with clean but not sterile container (part of the apparatus) [2]. Container is rinsed several times with water that is taken for analysis. Cells komparatorit rinsed
several times with water to be tested, fill with water then squeeze right cell birth control pills DPD-1 for testing chlorine, while in the left cell komparatorit incorporate birth control pills phenol red to test pH value . I close the lid and spin some times komparatorin until the third pill whole. Read values for free chlorine residual and pH, keeping the light of day, if we compare the color derived cells komparatorit standard level of colors in the central part komparatorit.
For testing the total residual chlorine content of the cell stream, which is tested before residual chlorine, but at the same content is added DPD tablets - 3.
Turbiditeti defined in turbiditetit pipes, which are scaled by 2 - 5 TU.
The scaling is done in logarithmic scale with higher values critical. The result is the value of the line that is closest to the water level.
Determination of electrical conductivity takes place with the help of konduktometrit, whereas the determination of oxygen is taken and determined by Winkler's bottle. Nitrites are defined in a comparable Helligenit. While the other parameters are determined according to standard methods.
PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
Experimental results of the survey of the quality of drinking water in some villages of the municipality of Zvecan are presented in the following tables. With the aim of simplifying the presentation of the results and not repeat them frequently have chosen typical series corresponding to the selected time to experiments.
During Kathy paper is worth mentioning that all the experiments are carried out in the field.
Physical and chemical analysis of drinking water in Kroni "tip of Hussein" village Zhazhe
Parameters Units Standards
Temperature K/C 281.16-285 (8-12) 11.3
Wind pa pa
Taste pa pa
Blur NTU 1.2-2.4 0.41
Color Shkalla Co- Pt 10.0-20.0 pa
Value of pH pH 6.8-8.5/6.5-9.5 6.07
Wastage of KMnO4 mg/l O2 8*12** 4.16
Free Chlorine DPD1/DPD4 mg/l Cl2 0.2-0.5 pa
Chloride mg/l Cl 200 16
Ammonia mg/l N 0.1 0.07
Nitrites mg/l N 0.005 0.006
Nitrates mg/l N 10 0.3
Iron mg/l Fe 0.3
Manganese mg/l Mn 0.05
Residue after evaporation mg/l 800-1000
Electrical conductivity ms/cm 1500 206
Leaden mg/Pb 0.01
Sulphates mg/SO4 200 27.26
Hardness dH 30 4.6
Phenol mg/l 0.001
Detergents (anioani) mg/l 0.1
Parameters Units Standards
Temperature K/C 281.16-285 (8-12) 11.2
Wind pa pa
Taste pa pa
Blur NTU 1.2-2.4 0
Color Shkalla Co- Pt 10.0-20.0 pa
Value of pH pH 6.8-8.5/6.5-9.5 7.61
Wastage of KMnO4 mg/l O2 8*12** 2.24
Free Chlorine DPD1/DPD4 mg/l Cl2 0.2-0.5 pa
Chloride mg/l Cl 200 35
Ammonia mg/l N 0.1 0.02
Nitrites mg/l N 0.005 0.005
Nitrates mg/l N 10 2.6
Iron mg/l Fe 0.3
Manganese mg/l Mn 0.05
Residue after evaporation mg/l 800-1000
Electrical conductivity ms/cm 15000 303
Leaden mg/Pb 0.01
Sulphates mg/SO4 200 32.06
Hardness dH 30 6.3
Phenol mg/l 0.001
Detergents (anioani) mg/l 0.1
Physical and chemical analysis of drinking water in primary school "Isa Boletini" Zhazhe
village
Parameters Units Standards
Temperature K/C 281.16-285 (8-12) 10.5
Wind pa pa
Taste pa pa
Blur NTU 1.2-2.4 0
Color Shkalla Co- Pt 10.0-20.0 pa
Value of pH pH 6.8-8.5/6.5-9.5 4.44
Wastage of KMnO4 mg/l O2 8*12** 3.84
Free Chlorine DPD1/DPD4 mg/l Cl2 0.2-0.5 pa
Chloride mg/l Cl 200 24
Ammonia mg/l N 0.1 0.09
Nitrites mg/l N 0.005 0.007
Nitrates mg/l N 10 0.1
Iron mg/l Fe 0.3
Manganese mg/l Mn 0.05
Residue after evaporation mg/l 800-1000
Electrical conductivity ms/cm 15000 136
Leaden mg/Pb 0.01
Sulphates mg/SO4 200 24.7
Hardness dH 30 2
Phenol mg/l 0.001
Detergents (anioani) mg/l 0.1
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
On the basis of physical and chemical analysis that are done we can draw this discussion of the results:
All samples analyzed fountains and schools behave normal permitted limits, if exceeding the standards established by regulations of the country and internationally is the case of the analysis of public water fountain "Peak Hussein" is in the village Zhazhë , where in this case we can say that we have an excess of nitrites then pass the value 0.006, otherwise all the analyzed samples are within the limits allowed and the water in terms of physical and chemical samples analyzed can be used freely drink, and there has been no bacteriological determination to appoint bacteria colonies. Are added and strengthen relations with the outside and particularly with international organizations. During recent years the country has become a party to the most important conventions for the protection of the environment and active participation in conferences, symposia, seminars and other activities. Albanian institutions specialists are skilled at specialized institutions abroad.
It increased the number of associations and members of non-governmental organizations for the protection of the environment. Their activity in increasing public awareness and participation in activities, programs and projects for the preservation and protection of the environment taken by associations or in conjunction with our state institutions, or foreign organizations, increased quality and quantity.
Literature cited:
REFERENCES
1. Information sheet Prepared by UNHCR, Action Against Hunger, ADRA and IRC. Dt. 28. 07. 99.
2. Donald A. Mc. Quarrie and Peter A. Rock, General Chemistry, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York 1991.
3. N. F. Voznaya: Chemistry of Water and Microbiology, Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1981, p. 127.
4. Oxfam Delagua, Portable Water Testing Kit, Users Manuel Resived and updated 3rd edition, 1993.
5. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, p 506-508, 16th Edition 1985.
6. International Standards for drinking Water, 3rd edition. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1971.
7. JIAS / UNMIK IA 2/99.
8. Doc. Dr. Selevete Krasniqi, Dr.spec. Nushi bud - Latifi,
scientific conferences, technical and technological sustainable development and environment pp. 203-207, Pristina, 2002.
9. CDF / ASD "Manual for the promotion of health and hygiene", Mitrovica, 2003.
Рецензент: доц. д-р Стефан Кръстев
