CC BY
3
UDK 159.9
Xudayberganov Q.B.
Colonel
Department of Humanities of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Head of the cycle ofpedagogy and psychology
associate professor
HISTORY OF THOUGHTS ON ENSURING MORAL AND SPIRITUAL TRAINING OF MILITARY SERVICES
Abstract: The article contains valuable opinions, views and recommendations on ensuring the moral and spiritual training of servicemen.
Key words: Military service, combat operations, historical experience, moral and spiritual training, moral and spiritual condition, moral and spiritual education, moral and spiritual qualities.
The morale of servicemen has always been a key factor in achieving victory. In this process, great attention is paid to raising the morale of the troops and at the same time to instilling insecurity and panic in the personal structure of the enemy. Today, the need for this factor is growing, and the changing nature of modern warfare and its impact on the human psyche is determined by the creation of various weapons and means.
The problem of organizing the moral and spiritual training of servicemen has always been in the focus of state leaders. This issue has so far been resolved using a variety of ways and means. We know this well from ancient history lessons.
Many famous military theorists and commanders, such as Sun-Tzy, Genghis Khan, Najimiddin Qubro, Jaloliddin Manguberdi, Amir Temur, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, and many other famous people have the moral and spiritual qualities of warriors, such as courage, bravery, heroism, bravery, honor, loyalty, spiritual strength. paid special attention to such volitional qualities as. Continuing their view, the Florentine politician N. Machiavelli said: "Morality and conscience make the army strong." Russian commander A. Suvorov used the concept of a warrior - a man - a key factor in the system of military education. In particular, he said: "A soldier is not a simple mechanism of a rifle. He is human. No success can be achieved with an uneducated soldier. "[1]
With simple professional training, it is not possible for military personnel to successfully perform life-threatening tasks. To this end, in the process of preparation, it is expedient to create a difficult and dangerous situation as convincing as in natural conditions, and to increase combat readiness by training servicemen in these conditions. This process is called moral training in military science.
Traditions of initiative, ingenuity, resourcefulness, acting wisely in battle, each soldier knowing his maneuver, friendship, mutual assistance, care for the soldier, respect for his human dignity, even "Help your friend even if you die!" the principle laid the groundwork for the moral and spiritual upbringing of the soldiers.
The high moral and spiritual qualities of the Japanese samurai have always been recognized by world leaders. In fact, the fighting spirit of the Japanese warriors was greatly influenced by the Busido, i.e. the Warrior Way Code. It summarizes the principles of Buddhism, Sinoism, Confucianism and Mencius. Most of the Busido rules call for self-sacrifice in battle. For example: "The loyalty of the samurai in war is to sacrifice his life without fear of going to the arrows and spears of the enemy, if the situation requires it." [2]
Our great ancestor, great commander and statesman Amir Temur skillfully used the moral and spiritual factor in military strategy. It is not for nothing that Sahibkiran said: "One can be defeated with strength, and a thousand with intelligence and determination." [3]
Amir Temur achieved great victories as a result of maintaining strict discipline in his army. He paid great attention to the fighting spirit of his warriors and used various complex psychological and moral methods in the system of training his troops. He also organized competitions and games in his army, such as wrestling, hunting, horseback riding, archery, in the organization of moral and spiritual training. These events were held to the sound of military instruments such as trumpets, horns, drums, hurricanes. The humming sounds of musical instruments and the shouts of warriors were effectively used in battles.
In some cases, the hunting of bears, lions, tigers, and hyenas was no different from the situation in battle. Each military leader would surround a swarm of predators with his military unit in the tugai or desert. In the same place, the besieged gang was surrounded, their territorial area was encircled in a circle, and no predators were allowed to leave. The circle became narrower and narrower, and iron armor and helmets were worn, and the warriors fought one-on-one or in groups with the savages.
The heroes were rewarded with a lion, a bear, a hyena, and this award was considered the best prize for a warrior. It is noteworthy that Genghis Khan also used this method of combat hunting.
Amir Temur's seventh grandfather, Karachar Nuyon, led the army to the steppes in peacetime as the Commander-in-Chief on behalf of the Hakan. Thousands of herds of predators surrounded and gathered in an area of 200-300 kilometers. The first to start the fight were brave heroes. The hero, who won the battle with a lion, a bear, and a tiger, received the main prize from the khan, the supreme commander.
History has shown that Amir Temur's words: "The harder it is in training, the easier it is in battle" have always been true. It is important to note that it is incorrect to distinguish between moral and spiritual preparation as moral
preparation and spiritual preparation. This is because the moral and spiritual training of servicemen is carried out in an integrated manner, that is, practical combat training, competitions and other activities prepare the personnel for battle, both morally and spiritually. Theoretical knowledge acquired by servicemen in difficult conditions is strengthened in practice and develops in them moral and spiritual skills.
Moral and spiritual qualities are formed and developed in the military during educational and ideological work. As a result, the military is morally and spiritually refreshed and trained during difficult conditions, training close to combat situations. From this point of view, moral and spiritual training is the most complex, important and highest level of military training.
If the process of moral education is the beginning of service activity, moral and spiritual preparation is its result. Based on these considerations, it can be said that moral and spiritual education is mainly theoretical, while moral and spiritual training is carried out mainly in practical ways. When theory and practice are closely intertwined, its effectiveness is high.
Moral training is a special type of military training and is carried out in close conjunction with:
1. Combat training;
2. Special training;
3. Command training;
4. Staff and tactical exercises;
5.Command-staff exercises;
6.Competitions and games;
7.Strict adherence to the requirements of laws, military regulations, orders and instructions in the service of personnel [5].
Factors such as high military discipline, ideological loyalty, mental endurance, courage, patriotism and high fighting spirit of the army, which are achieved as a result of skillful moral and spiritual training, play an important role in the success of great commanders.
Moral training covers all aspects of military service, including educational and ideological work, combat and command training, command-staff and tactical exercises and competitions, as well as commanders, representatives of military, educational and ideological work, medical services and organized and conducted by others.
Moral training, regardless of social status, is organized and conducted by commanders, commanders based on laws, military regulations and in a creative way, aimed at creating and strengthening high moral qualities of servicemen, their families, military units, army types and the army. has always been relevant as a set of activities.
Therefore, it should be noted that moral and spiritual training is an important tool to raise the fighting spirit of servicemen, to instill in servicemen such qualities as patriotism, courage, endurance, honesty, conscientiousness.
Therefore, the important task today is to improve the moral and spiritual training of the Uzbek army on the basis of modern requirements.
List of used literature:
1.Ablaev D. Questions of moral and psychological support in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Master's thesis. -T .: 2010.S. 90.
2. Aleksandr S. U kakoy armii samyy vysokiy boevoy dux ?. https://svpressa.ru/ post / article / 89926 /. July 14, 2014. S. 3.
3. Vorobev A. Timur Velikolepnyy // Vokrug sveta, №2, 2005. S. 45.
4. Rahimov J. Amir Temur. A symbol of justice and power. Scientific-historical book. Toshkent-2017. B. 24-98.,
5. To the Minister of Defense of the Republic of Uzbekistan from March 12, 2019 Order No. 202 "On approval of the Manual on the organization of the activities of educational and ideological bodies in the troops of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Uzbekistan." B. 52.
