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UDC: 371.35
Rapikov K.K. associate professor
Academy of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan
FORMS AND METHODS OF TRAINING OF WILL AND CHARACTER
OF MILITARY SERVICES
Abstract: The upbringing of the will and character of servicemen is for the Armed Forces a determinant of the fulfillment of their social function. The upbringing and formation of all the above qualities is not only the most important task of commanders and educators.
Key words: training, soldiers, manifestations, military, services, general, hostilities, functional, mental, personnel.
Combat training is of great importance for fostering the will and character of servicemen. The content of the components of combat training, which means that the upbringing of the will and character of military personnel includes: Special training (Theory of special training). Fire preparation. Mine - subversive training. Radio training. reconnaissance training. General preparation.
The listed components of combat training are, in our opinion, a set of conditions for the forms and methods of educating the will and character of servicemen.
The training of the psyche of soldiers in all its manifestations: conscious, motivational-value, subconscious, functional-activity, emotional-sensual, - which ensures the formation of the readiness and ability of a soldier to overcome difficulties in front of the factors caused by the nature of the preparation and conduct of hostilities.
The general orientation of educating the will and character of servicemen involves preparing servicemen for war as a whole, equipping them with military-psychological knowledge, and fostering psychological readiness to conduct modern combat operations.
The upbringing of the will and character of servicemen presupposes the provision of training for soldiers to perform tasks of immediate destination, solved during the preparation and conduct of hostilities, in specific combat dangerous situations requiring great emotional and psychological stress and overcoming the negative psychological consequences of the influence of the combat situation. Here, an essential factor is the peculiarities of various military specialties, compliance with which is achieved by special training and hardening of the psychophysiological functions of soldiers.
The main task here is the formation of the functional reliability of the psyche of military personnel, the achievement of its stability. This is dictated by the requirements of modern combat.
In the field of training and tempering, officers should have not only psychomotor skills in controlling equipment and weapons, but also, first of all, those mental processes, properties and formations that are involved in decision-making: speech activity, thinking, attention, the ability to keep in memory the whole complex of problems reflecting the dynamics of a battle, an operation, to foresee, predict its development, etc. A characteristic feature of this work is that it is required to prepare not only the consciousness and psyche of individual soldiers, but also at the same time to actively influence the psychology of the military collective - to form an active collective opinion, a fighting mood, attitudes towards achieving victory and social value traditions.
To educate the will and character of military personnel, it is important to provide for:
> Provision of operational psychological assistance, the implementation of mental rehabilitation of servicemen who have received mental trauma, and their return to duty;
> Maintaining high mental activity of soldiers, eliminating negative psychological consequences due to losses, failures, incidents, accidents and the impact of other factors of the combat situation, requiring the restoration of mental balance, stability and resource of personnel;
> Prompt elimination of excessive mental tension and overwork of servicemen, creation of conditions for the rational use of short-term rest, neuro-emotional and mental relief, anti-stress measures;
> Adaptation of servicemen to a combat situation.
The element of war is danger. A person cannot perceive danger directly, and imagination plays a huge role here. Under the influence of the unknown, in the face of a danger still unknown to the warrior, the imagination draws, as a rule, exaggeratedly terrible pictures. His psyche is affected not so much by the real as by the imaginary danger and irritants, which sometimes can act much stronger than the real ones. Feelings of anxiety, insecurity, uncertainty can cause unwanted mental reactions, self-doubt, and panic.
Loss of emotional and volitional stability in front of an imaginary danger may well lead to real defeat. This psychological state is the main reason for confusion and it can only be prevented by forming a constant internal psychological readiness in military personnel for combat operations.
Thus, fostering the will and character of servicemen is one of the prerequisites for the readiness and ability of personnel to successfully carry out the tasks of preparing and conducting combat operations.
The tasks of educating the will and character of servicemen are entrusted to the command staff of all degrees, the staffs and structures of ideological education and moral and psychological training.
It reflects the all-round readiness and ability of military personnel and military formations to solve all tasks in the preparation and conduct of hostilities, which are due to the influence of military-political, socio-psychological, materialtechnical and natural factors operating in these conditions. Structurally, it includes a set of measures for carrying out information-educational, military-social, socio-psychological, cultural and leisure work and information-psychological confrontation with the enemy.
An important place in the spiritual and moral image of the subjects of military labor is occupied by moral and psychological elements that permeate the entire spiritual life of each serviceman, military collectives and are an indispensable condition for their spiritual cohesion, readiness to honestly and conscientiously fulfill their sacred duty, both in peaceful conditions and in a combat situation.
A special place in the structure of the moral and psychological state is occupied by psychological elements, which include a complex complex of life ideas, impressions and experiences that develop in soldiers in the course of their daily activities and have a strong impact on their morale in a combat situation.
The aspects of educating the will and character of servicemen considered in this work, which include emotional and psychological stability, the ability to act in danger, overcome fear and panic, the readiness and ability of a soldier to overcome difficulties, etc. is an important prerequisite for the effectiveness of hostilities.
The upbringing and formation of all the above qualities is not only the most important task of commanders and educators, but also a full range of psychological prerequisites for the effectiveness of preparation and conduct of hostilities, which are "combined" into a system of upbringing the will and character of servicemen, the readiness and ability of a soldier to achieve victory in battle...
References:
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2. Military psychology and pedagogy. Ed. Kulakova V.F. - M., 1998.
3. Uvarov L.N., Utkin V.G. Pedagogical problems of increasing the effectiveness of educational work in the part. - M., 1991.
4. Shvedin B.Ya. The human factor in command and control of troops: problems and searches. - M., 1989.
