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4Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, p VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 7
educational, natural and social sciences fV ISSN 2181-1784
Scientific Journal Impact Factor Q SJIF 2022: 5.947
Advanced Sciences Index Factor ~ ASI Factor = 1.7
HISTORY OF THE CITY OF SHOSH
Avliyakulov Isroil Murtazakulovich
History teacher of Military Academic Lyceum "Yosh chegarachilar"
Surkhandarya region,
ABSTRACT
This article provides information about the establishment, history, social and political life of the Tashkent province, its role in the life of the society, neighborhoods and districts. Thoughts were given on the events and incidents that happened in the history of Tashkent province. Information about the formation of the Tashkent principality and its dissolution is cited.
Keywords: Kokcha, Sebzor, Beshyogoch, Shaikhontohur, Daha, Olimkhan, Umarkhan, Sultankhoja, Yunuskhoja.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В данной статье представлены сведения о создании, истории, общественно-политической жизни Ташкентской губернии, ее роли в жизни общества, окрестностей и уездов. Были даны мысли о событиях и происшествиях, имевших место в истории Ташкентской губернии. Приводятся сведения об образовании Ташкентского княжества и его роспуске.
Ключевые слова: Кокча, Себзор, Бешёгоч, Шайхонтохур, Даха, Олимхан, Умархан, Султанходжа, Юнусходжа.
INTRODUCTION
Tashkent has long been considered one of the economic, cultural and spiritual centers of Central Asia. In the 3rd and 5th centuries BC, Tashkent was part of the Kang state, the Hephthalites, and the Turkic Khanate. By the 8th century, it became part of the Arab caliphate. According to Tabari, the Arabs raised an army of 20,000 people to conquer Tashkent. The inhabitants of the city strongly resisted the Arabs. The city destroyed by the Arab invaders could not recover. Only by the 9th century, it was newly created, 4-5 kilometers north-west of the previous place, near Kaikovusarig'i, which was taken out of the Bozsuv canal. This new city is mentioned in Arabic sources as Binkat.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS
This name appears alongside the names Shohs and Madinat ash Shosh on silver and chaka coins minted in the 9th-10th centuries. During the next few centuries, Tashkent was included in the state of Khorezmshahs, Mongols, and Timurids.
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Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 7 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
Because it is located in a geopolitically favorable place, it was a very important city in the center of the Great Silk Road as a trade hub connecting China with Western countries. In the second half of the 14th century and until the 80s of the 15th century, Tashkent was part of Amir Temur and the Timurids. In 1404, it was given to Ulugbek as a property.
During this period, the city became a strong fortress on the border between the oasis and the steppe, its territory expanded, production, trade, and culture developed. Registan, mausoleums in the Sheikhontohur ensemble, Jome mosque and others were built. As a result of the struggle for the throne between the Timurids, in 1485, Tashkent came under the control of Khan Yunus Khan of Mongolia and became his residence. However, he did not rule long and died in Tashkent in 1487. In the 16th century, more precisely in 1503, Tashkent was included in the nomadic Uzbek state and became one of the important economic and political centers of the Shaibani state. In 1642, Tashkent was formed as an independent province. However, for a while it fell under the rule of the Kazakhs. According to information, silver coins mixed with copper have been minted in Tashkent for a long time.
Of course, this was done in order to develop the internal and external trade of Tashkent. But during the reign of the Kalmyks, as a result of incessant wars and actions caused by the protests of the local population, the minting of coins stopped. By 1758, after the overthrow of the Dzhungar state by China, Tashkent officially became a vassal city of China, but in practice it became an independent state. At the beginning of the 18th century, information about the transfer of Tashkent to the Kalmyks and its rule by the Kazakh sultans dependent on the Kalmyks from 1723 to 1758 can be found in E. Hajiyev's "Tashkent's connection with Russian cities", Yu. "Tashkent, tashkentsy i Rossiya" by Sokolov, "Shi ChachTashkent" by E. Khurshut, R.G. Mukminova, M.I. Filanovich was mentioned in the pamphlets "Tashkent na perekryostke istorii". According to the facts confirming these opinions, O'. We can see it in Sultanov's monograph entitled "Muhammad Salihkhoja's "Tarihi jadidai Tashkand" as an important historical source (XIX century)". The administration of this independent state is unique, it was managed by beks, and accordingly, the name of the state was Tashkent Beky. At that time, Tashkent consisted of four districts: 1. Shaikhontahur. 2. Sebzor (Qaffol Shoshi). 3. Kokcha (Sheikh Zainiddin) 4. Beshyogoch (Zangiota). Among them, Sebzor and Kokcha are considered to be ancient, and Sebzor is described as many gardens, and Kokcha as many fields [6]. The naming of the other two dahas corresponds to later periods. Sheikhontahur comes from the name of Sheikh Khavandi Tahur, Beshyogoch is a Turkic name, and it is
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 7 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
defined by the presence of 5 trees in this area. Each district is divided into neighborhoods. Neighborhoods were the administrative and collective organization of the original population and had their own management system. The neighborhood was ruled by an elected elder. The task of the elder consisted of such tasks as changing the land areas of the whole neighborhood and providing water.
As the population grew, neighborhoods expanded or new ones appeared. In terms of the administrative status of the neighborhood, it was considered a community organization with its own rules of internal order, and it was headed by a chief (elder) elected by the residents of the neighborhood. By the beginning of the 20th century, they were seen in the position of a centurion. Written sources of the second half of the 19th century contain statistical information about Tashkent neighborhoods. According to them, there were 50 to 150 houses in one neighborhood. In 1910, 146,000 people lived in Tashkent, and the number of households reached 21,000. The neighborhoods in the center of the city are older than the suburbs, and the population also lives densely.
The names of some neighborhoods mean the profession developed in that place (Pichakchilik, Degrez, Etikdo'z); others are expressed through ethnic terms (Uzbekmahalla, Tajikkocha, Mongolkocha) or the relief of the place (Sassikhovuz, Chukurkoprik, Balandmasjid, etc.). In 1784, Yunuskhoja, the son of the mayor of Shaikhontohur dahas, united Tashkent dahas and formed a single authority. Having strengthened his power, Yunuskhoja tries to establish economic and diplomatic relations with the Russian Empire. After the death of Yunuskhoja in 1803, his son Sultankhoja became the governor of Tashkent. Taking advantage of Yunuskhoja's death, Kokan Khan Olimkhan took an army under the command of his brother Umar Khan, occupied Tashkent and appointed his brother Hamidkhoja as governor. Hamidkhoja disobeyed Kokan. As a result, Olim Khan personally took an army and annexed Tashkent to the Khanate of Kokand. From then on, only Beklarbegi was appointed by Kokan Khan as deputy to Tashkent.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it can be said that the economic, social and political life of the country developed significantly during the 26-year rule of the Tashkent Bey. As a result, Tashkent Bey was captured by Khan Olim Khan of Koqan.
REFERANCES
1. Hajiyev E. Connection of Tashkent with Russian cities. Tashkent, 1973. 8 pages; Sokolov Yu. Tashkent, tashkentsy i Russia. Tashkent, 1965. S. 29; Khurshut E.
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Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences Scientific Journal Impact Factor Advanced Sciences Index Factor
VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 7 ISSN 2181-1784 SJIF 2022: 5.947 ASI Factor = 1.7
ShiChach-Tashkent. Tashkent: Uzbekistan. 1992. S.381. Akhmedov B. "Uzbek Nation", T. Teacher. 1994.[2]
2. Norkulov N, Jorayev U. "History of Uzbekistan" T. Sharq. 2000.
3. Shamsutdinov R, Karimov SH, Ubaidullayev O'. "History of the Motherland Book 2" T. Sharq. 2010.
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