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41
UDC 631.1
HARMONIZATION OF LABOUR AND MATERIAL RESOURCES IN DAIRY CATTLE
BREEDING OF THE OREL REGION
Loskutova O.V., Post-graduate student Naumov A.I.*, Professor Orel State Agrarian University, Orel City, Russia
Zlobin E.F., Professor
State University - Educational Scientific Manufacturing Complex, Orel City, Russia
*E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Full independence from milk import deliveries is one of the main problems for food supply security of Russia in difficult international conditions of the country. This problem solution deserves special attention both on the federal and the regional levels. The Orel region is an agrarian sector of the country; therefore it's very important to provide its inhabitants with dairy products on a full scale as well as to supply milk to other regions of the Russian Federation. The article demonstrates the dynamics of the dairy cattle breeding development in Russia and in the Orel region, which is characterized by reduction of cattle number at a time when animal productivity increases. Through the analysis of the use of financial and labour resources it was revealed that in conditions of market functioning agricultural producers must introduce labour- and resourse-saving technologies into milk production, modern methods of cattle management, as well as achievements of veterinary and zootechnical science, that leads in its turn to the growth of labour productivity, capital productivity ratio and in whole increase of dairy cattle breeding products production efficiency. Application of advanced technologies in cattle breeding is possible only with the engagement of highly-qualified personnel that in its turn is an important condition for realization of Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation. Through the conducted analysis of the use of labour and material resources in dairy cattle breeding of the Orel region it was revealed that growth of labour productivity and capital productivity ratio in the region is also connected with the increased number of veterinarians and zootechnicians who graduated from the Orel State Agrarian University and work in different agricultural organizations now.
KEY WORDS
Orel region, dairy cattle breeding, milk, labour productivity, expenditures, resources.
Keeping Russia supplied with home-produced milk in a necessary amount and full independence of imported milk deliveries is one of the main problems for food supply security of the country. For example, in 2009 the proportion of imported milk made 17% of all volume of the consumed milk. From 2009 to 2012 market volume of Russian milk has increased by 913.6 thousand tons. In 2013 the proportion of imported milk in the Russian market made less than 1%.
Notwithstanding that Russia provides home-produced milk to its population practically to the full extent, the problem of food supply security still remains urgent. This is due to the fact that milk market is influenced by changes in foreign trade regulations in accordance with liabilities of the Russian Federation towards the WTO, by Russia's entry into the Eurasian Union and on the whole by the international situation of the Russian Federation and established sanctions.
The existing Russia's dependence on imported milk is determined by decrease of cow population and volumes of milk production. It is proved by indices of Table 1.
Table 1 - Track record of dairy cattle development in the Russian Federation (on farms of all types)
from 2006 to 2013*
Indices 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Cow population, mln. head 9,4 9,3 9,1 9,0 8,8 9,0 8,9 8,7
One cow productivity, kg 3356 3501 3595 3737 3776 3851 3898 3893
Milk production, mln.tons 31,3 32,0 32,4 32,6 31,9 31,7 31,8 30,5
Note: * - According to information of Rosstat.
For instance, according to the information of the Federal State Statistics Service in 2013 cow population on farms of all types of the Russian Federation has reduced to 8.7 million head or by 3.3% as compared to 2009. Milk production volume in 2013 made 30.5 million tons, that is 6.4% less than in 2009; in addition milk yields per a cow in 2013 amounted 3893 kg, that is 156 kg more than in 2009.
A well-defined negative tendency to falling-off of cow population and volumes of milk production is observed in the Orel region as well. Milk production volume in 2013 has reduced and made 214.7 thousand tons or 80.0% compared to 2006 and 85.0% compared to 2009; cow population has reduced by 38% compared to 2006 and by 13.9% compared to 2009 (Table 2).
Table 2 - Track record of dairy cattle development in the Orel region (on farms of all types)
from 2006 to 2013*
Indices 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Cow population, thousand head 85,3 73,0 65,7 61,3 56,2 52,7 53,7 52,8
One cow productivity, kg 3333 3492 3898 4251 4288 4355 4305 4361
Milk production, thousand tons 268,6 243,9 252,0 252,9 236,2 228,0 229,3 214,7
Note: * - According to information of Rosstat.
However, due to fodder supply improvement, improvement of cattle pedigree qualities, adoption of modern technologies into industry the average milk yield per a cow in 2013, judging by indices of Table 2, has increased by 1028 kg or 30.9% compared to 2006, by 110 kg or 3% compared to 2009 and made 4361 kg, moreover a well-defined tendency to annual productivity growth of dairy herd should be noted over eight years, if rather by small rates (Fig.1).
6000 4000 2000 0
3333 3492
3898
4251 4288 4355 4305 4361
■■■11111
2006 r. 2007 r. 2008 r. 2009 r. 2010 r. 2011 r. 2012 r. 2013 r.
Figure 1 - One cow productivity in the Orel region from 2006 to 2013, kg
Nowadays special attention both on the federal and the regional levels is paid to the problem of food dependence of the country, putting stock-breeding, including dairy cattle breeding, to the course of sustainable development, improvement of agricultural goods producers competitive ability. For example, state program on agricultural development and market regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and foodstuffs from 2013 till 2020 refers cattle breeding (beef and milk production) to the first priority level. Stock-breeding is considered to be a system-forming sub-branch, using competitive advantages of the country, in the first place availability of considerable areas of farmland [2].
On the results of the program realization indices of Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation must be achieved, namely relative share of Russian-manufactured milk and milk products should be in bulk 90.2% [1]. But taking international situation of Russia into
consideration, it is necessary to strive for growth of dairy products production output and supply milk market with home-produced milk raw-materials in full. One of the ways of this problem decision is harmonization of labour and material resources in dairy breeding.
The Orel region is an agrarian sector of the country, where a special attention is paid to agriculture development; that is proved by labour productivity growth both in stock-breeding of the Orel region in whole and in dairy cattle breeding from 2011 to 2013 (Table 3 and 4).
Table 3 - Labour productivity in stock-breeding in the Orel region (on farms of all types)
from 2011 to 2013
Indices Years
2011 2012 2013
Fulfilled in stock-breeding during the year, including general expenses of production, thousand person-hour 9920,0 9794,0 9377,0
Income from of stock-breeding production sales, thousand rubles 7254927,0 7496026,0 7358734,0
Of which per capita - hour, rubles 731,4 765,4 784,8
In 2013 in the Orel region the average annual labour productivity in milk production has increased by 11% but labour intensity, correspondingly, has decreased by 10% compared to 2011; this is due to the adoption of new methods and technologies of cattle management which reduce labour expenditures during all the basic and the secondary process by means of practically full mechanization of milk production process. This is especially important because expenditures on salaries and the content of basic funds in the structure of expenditures on dairy products production make correspondingly 22.9% and 18% of the total sum by indices of 2013 (Table 7).
Table 4 - Labour productivity and milk production labour intensity in the Orel region (on farms of all types) from 2011 to 2013
Indices 2011 2012 2013 Growth rate,%
Bulk milk yield, centner 1305550,00 1503595,00 1263395,00 97,00
Direct labour costs milk production in milk production, thousand person hour 3588,80 3309,10 3100,00 87,00
Labour productivity in milk production, centner / person hour 0,37 0,46 0,41 111,00
Labour intensity of milk production, person -hour / centner 2,75 2,20 2,46 89,46
Against the backdrop of labour productivity growth in dairy cattle breeding it's worth mentioning increase of efficient utilization of basic funds in whole. For example, in 2013 capital productivity ratio of fixed capital stock has increased by 3% compared to 2011.
Table 5 - Analysis of utilization efficiency of basic production funds in the Orel region (on farms of all types) from 2011 to 2013
Indices 2011 2012 2013 Growth rate,%
Average annual price of fixed capital stock, thousands rubles, including: 26170849,0 29836043,5 33477891,5 128,0
Proceeds in cash of the production sale, thousands rubles 17099731 24186842 22690118 133,0
Capital productivity ratio of fixed capital stock, rubles/ 100 rubles 66,0 81,0 68,0 103,0
Capital-output ratio of fixed capital stock, rubles/rubles 1,5 1,24 1,48 99,0
Because of labour productivity growth and capital productivity ratio from 2011 to 2013 one can trace an increase of production efficiency and milk sale. Despite the fact that in 2013 compared to 2011 there is a tendency towards the increase of production cost of 1 centner of milk by 21%, one can notice a growth of expenses recoupment on production by sales proceeds of milk raw materials (Table 6).
Table 6 - Assessment of cost efficiency on milk production and sale in the Orel region (on farms of all types) from 2011 to 2013
Indices 2011 2012 2013 Growth rate,%
Production cost of all output, thousand rubles 1433476,0 1489943,0 1678157,0 117,1
Bulk yield, centner 1305550,0 1503595,0 1263395,0 97,0
Production cost of 1 centner of production, rubles 1097,99 990,92 1328,29 121,0
Sales volume, centner 1053427 1285454 1033292 98,1
Average sale price, rubles 1380,0 1130,0 1590,7 115,9
Sales proceeds, thousand rubles 1447134 1447121 1643600 114,0
Expenses recoupment by sales proceeds, rubles/rubles 1,0 0,98 1,03 103,0
It should be mentioned that at the present stage of agriculture development the increase of labour productivity and capital productivity ratio is the main factor of productivity progress and production efficiency growth of dairy cattle breeding.
Table 7 - Composition and structure of expenses recoupment on dairy cattle breeding production in the Orel region (on farms of all types) from 2011 to 2013
Indices Years
2011 2012 2013
Dairy milk production expenses, total amount , thousand rubles 1614520,0 1678545,0 1874462,0
Including labour costs with fringe benefit expenses 366550,0 388381,0 429686,0
In percents to sum total 22,7 23,1 22,9
Feed costs 629083,0 636251,0 674136,0
In percents to sum total 39,0 37,9 36,0
Expenses of fixed capital stock keeping 283822,0 283912,0 325312,0
In percents to sum total 18,0 16,9 18,0
In conditions of market functioning agricultural producers must realize sustainable development, introduce labour- and resourse-saving technologies into milk production, modern methods of cattle management. This is especially important for the Orel region, because in the future these measures will make it possible to increase labour productivity level and milk production volume, which will enable not only to provide the region with home-produced milk raw materials in full, but to supply it to other regions. These measures have let the agricultural organizations of the Orel region in 2013 increase livestock productivity by 1.0% and labour productivity in dairy breeding by 11.0 % compared to 2011.
In recent times stock-breeding places special demands upon specialists, because to achieve some results it is necessary to use achievements both of veterinary and zootechnical science to the full. In the Orel region the use of innovation technologies, entailing fixed capital stock efficiency use increase, in dairy cattle breeding became possible thanks to highly-qualified specialists having come to work to the agricultural organizations of the Orel region.
There is the Orel State Agrarian University in the Orel region which is engaged in personnel training for stock-breeding. From 2011 to 2012 one could notice that the number of graduates who started their work for production has increased. For example, in 2011 five but in 2012 already six specialists-zootechnicians have started their work in agricultural organizations. From 2011 to 2012 43specialists-veterinarians have found a job within their specialty; it shows that the number of highly-qualified specialists in the process of dairy products production has increased.
It should be noted that creation of an effective system of formation and use of human resources in all branches of agroindustrial complex is an important condition for realization of Food Security Doctrine. It is worrying that more than half of the graduates from agricultural institutions of higher education don't go to the country to work within their specialty.
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