CC BY
21. Imomkulov K. B., Abdunazarov E. E. The results of the experiments conducted on the selection of the type of working body of the machine for burying pomegranate bushes //Эффективность применения инновационных технологий и техники в сельском и водном хозяйстве. - 2020. - С. 652. Qutbiddin I. et al. Burying machine to pomegranate bushes // Journal of Critical Reviews. -2020. - Т. 7. - №. 13. - С. 1377-1381.
3. Каримжонович К. С., Абдуназаров Э. Э., Ортитов Н. Б. У. Кумилган анор тупларини тули; очадиган курилма текислагичининг очилиш бурчагини таджик; этиш //Механика и технология. - 2022. - Т. 3. - №. 8. - С. 127-132.
4. Бокижонович И. К. и др. Анор тупларини кумадиган машина уюмлагичининг конструкцияси //Механика и технология. - 2022. - Т. 3. - №. 8. - С. 98-102.
5. Абдуназаров Э., Ортиков Н. Такомиллаштирилган анор тупларини кумадиган машина //Инвестицияларни диверсификациялаш асосида саноат корхоналари самарадорлигини ошириш: Республика илмий-амалий конференцияси туплами. - 2019. -С. 284-287.
UDC 631.311
GROWING VEGETABLES IN HOUSEHOLD GARDENS AND GREENHOUSES
Elbek E. Abdunazarov
PhD, Doctoral student, Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization (SRIAM), Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Tel: +998941517756, e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. This article discusses the techniques and equipment used for growing vegetables in household gardens and greenhouses. It provides an overview of different planting schemes, such as row planting, square foot gardening, intensive planting, and companion planting. The article also covers essential equipment for vegetable growing, including hand tools, irrigation systems, soil amendments, and pest management solutions. Additionally, it explores the benefits of using greenhouses for vegetable production and provides tips for selecting and maintaining a suitable greenhouse. Overall, this article serves as a guide for both novice and experienced gardeners who wish to grow vegetables in their homes or greenhouses.
Keywords: mechanization, vegetable growing, greenhouses, mini-loops, complex mechanization, basic tillage, pre-sowing tillage, cultivation, harvesting, efficiency, labor costs, sustainability, integration of advanced technologies, versatile and adaptable machinery, renewable energy sources.
Growing vegetables at home can be a fun and rewarding activity that provides fresh, healthy produce for your family while also reducing your grocery bill. Whether you have a large backyard or a small balcony, you can start a vegetable garden that suits your space and lifestyle [1]. In this article, we'll discuss the basics of growing vegetables in household gardens and greenhouses.
Planning Your Vegetable Garden
Before you start planting, it's important to plan your vegetable garden. Consider the following factors:
1. Location: Choose a spot that gets plenty of sunlight, as most vegetables need at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. The location should also be protected from strong winds and have good drainage.
2. Soil: The soil should be fertile, well-draining, and rich in organic matter. If your soil is poor, you can amend it with compost, manure, or other organic materials.
3. Water: Make sure you have access to water for your plants. Depending on your climate
and soil, you may need to water your vegetables frequently.
4. Size: Determine the size of your garden based on how much space you have and how much produce you want to grow.
5. Plant selection: Choose vegetables that are well-suited to your climate, soil, and available sunlight. Consider factors such as plant size, growth habits, and companion planting. Preparing the Soil
Once you have chosen the location for your garden and selected the plants you want to grow, it's time to prepare the soil. Follow these steps:
1. Remove any grass, weeds, or debris from the area.
2. Loosen the soil with a garden fork or tiller to a depth of 12-18 inches.
3. Add organic matter such as compost, manure, or peat moss to the soil and mix thoroughly.
4. Level the soil with a rake.
5. Water the soil well and let it settle for a few days before planting. Planting Your Vegetables
When planting your vegetables, follow these guidelines:
1. Read the seed packet or plant label for specific planting instructions.
2. Plant seeds or seedlings at the appropriate depth and spacing.
3. Water your plants immediately after planting and keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
4. Use mulch to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
5. Provide support for climbing vegetables such as tomatoes and beans. Maintaining Your Vegetable Garden
To ensure a healthy and productive vegetable garden, you'll need to take care of your plants. Here are some tips:
1. Water your plants regularly and deeply. In general, most vegetables need about one inch of water per week.
2. Fertilize your plants with a balanced fertilizer every two to three weeks.
3. Control pests and diseases by using natural methods such as companion planting, handpicking, and insecticidal soap.
4. Weed your garden regularly to prevent competition for nutrients and water.
5. Harvest your vegetables when they are ripe and at their peak flavor. Greenhouse Vegetable Gardening
If you have a greenhouse, you can grow vegetables year-round regardless of the weather outside. Here are some tips for greenhouse vegetable gardening:
1. Choose vegetables that are well-suited to greenhouse conditions, such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers.
2. Control the temperature and humidity in your greenhouse to provide optimal growing conditions.
3. Use grow lights to supplement natural light, especially during the winter months.
4. Use trellises or other supports to help your plants grow vertically and save space.
5. Use a good quality potting mix for your plants.
There are different types of planting schemes for vegetables, and the best option depends on the type of vegetable, the available space, and the desired yield. Some common planting schemes include:
Row planting: Vegetables are planted in straight rows, with a fixed distance between each row and plant. This is a popular and straightforward method that works well for many vegetables.
Square foot gardening: This method involves dividing the growing area into a grid of 1-
foot squares and planting one or more types of vegetables in each square. This is a space-saving method that maximizes yield and minimizes the need for weeding.
Intensive planting: This method involves planting vegetables closer together than in traditional row planting. This can increase yield and maximize space, but requires more careful management to ensure that the plants have enough nutrients and water.
Companion planting: This involves planting different types of vegetables together that have complementary growth patterns, nutrient requirements, and pest control properties. For example, planting beans and corn together can help the beans to climb up the corn stalks while fixing nitrogen in the soil [2].
Succession planting: This involves planting different types of vegetables at different times to ensure a continuous harvest throughout the growing season. For example, planting lettuce early in the season and then planting beans in the same spot after the lettuce is harvested.
Ultimately, the best planting scheme will depend on your specific needs and goals for your vegetable garden [3]. Row planting is a traditional planting scheme for vegetables, where plants are grown in straight rows with a fixed distance between them. This method is widely used by gardeners and farmers due to its simplicity and ease of management.
To start row planting, you need to create a layout for your garden or greenhouse. Measure the area and decide how many rows of vegetables you want to plant. The distance between rows depends on the specific vegetable you are planting and the available space. For example, lettuce can be planted in rows spaced 12 to 18 inches apart, while corn needs to be planted in rows spaced 24 to 36 inches apart [4].
Once you have determined the spacing for your rows, it is time to prepare the soil. Remove any weeds, rocks, or debris and add any necessary amendments such as compost or fertilizer. Use a hoe or tiller to create straight furrows for your rows. Next, plant your vegetables in the furrows at the desired spacing. For example, if you are planting lettuce, space the plants 6 to 12 inches apart within the row. Water the plants thoroughly after planting and continue to water them regularly throughout the growing season [5].
Row planting has several advantages. First, it allows for efficient use of space by maximizing the number of plants that can be grown in a given area. Second, it makes it easy to manage weeds, pests, and diseases by allowing you to focus on individual rows. Finally, it makes it easy to harvest your crops since the vegetables are all in a straight line [6].
Overall, row planting is an effective and efficient way to grow vegetables in a household garden or greenhouse. By following the proper spacing and soil preparation techniques, you can produce a bountiful harvest of fresh, healthy vegetables.
Square foot gardening is a great method for growing vegetables in small spaces and is especially popular among urban gardeners. The concept was developed by Mel Bartholomew in the 1980s and has since gained widespread popularity. The idea is to divide a raised garden bed or other growing area into a grid of 1-foot squares, and then plant one or more types of vegetables in each square, depending on the plant's size and growth requirements. This method helps maximize space utilization and makes it easy to plan and manage a garden. Additionally, because the plants are grown in such close proximity to one another, they can help shade out weeds, reducing the need for weeding. Overall, square foot gardening is a great option for those looking to grow vegetables in a small space [7].
Intensive planting is a planting scheme that involves growing vegetables in tight configurations, which leads to higher crop yields per unit area of land. It is a popular method for small gardens or backyard vegetable plots as it maximizes the use of limited space.
In intensive planting, the vegetables are spaced closely together in a bed or row, and there is minimal space between them. This is in contrast to traditional row planting, where vegetables are planted with wider spaces between each row and plant [8]. One of the main benefits of
intensive planting is that it increases yield per unit area, as more plants can be grown in the same amount of space. Additionally, the close spacing can create a microclimate that helps to suppress weeds and conserve moisture in the soil.
However, it is important to note that intensive planting requires careful management to ensure that the plants have enough nutrients and water. The plants can quickly deplete the soil of nutrients, so it is important to provide regular fertilization and soil amendments. Irrigation must also be carefully monitored to avoid overwatering or underwatering [9]. Examples of vegetables that are commonly grown using intensive planting include lettuce, spinach, radishes, carrots, and beets. It is also possible to grow larger plants like tomatoes and peppers using intensive planting, but these plants may require staking or trellising to support their growth [10].
There are various types [11] of equipment that can be used for growing vegetables in household gardens and greenhouses. Some common equipment includes:
Hand tools: Gardening hand tools such as shovels, hoes, rakes, and trowels are essential for preparing the soil, planting seeds, and removing weeds [12].
Irrigation systems: Drip irrigation and soaker hoses can be used to deliver water directly to the roots of plants, conserving water and reducing the risk of disease.
Plant supports: Trellises, stakes, and cages can be used to support plants as they grow and prevent them from falling over or becoming damaged.
Growing containers: Planters, pots, and raised beds can be used to grow vegetables in small spaces or in areas with poor soil.
Greenhouse equipment: Greenhouses can be equipped with heaters, ventilation systems, grow lights, and automated watering systems to create optimal growing conditions for vegetables.
Pest control equipment: Netting, traps, and organic insecticides can be used to prevent damage from pests and diseases without using harmful chemicals.
Soil testing kits: These kits can be used to test the nutrient levels and pH of the soil, allowing gardeners to adjust the soil conditions to suit the needs of their vegetables.
Overall, the type of equipment needed for growing vegetables in a household garden or greenhouse will depend on the specific growing conditions, available space, and types of vegetables being grown.
Conclusion. Growing vegetables in household gardens and greenhouses can be a rewarding and sustainable way to provide fresh produce for personal consumption. The key to success is proper planning, preparation, and maintenance of the growing environment, including soil preparation, watering, fertilization, pest control, and harvest. By selecting appropriate plant varieties and planting schemes, and using appropriate equipment, home gardeners can achieve high yields of healthy, nutritious vegetables throughout the growing season. With a little patience and effort, growing vegetables in household gardens and greenhouses can be an enjoyable and fulfilling hobby for all ages.
REFERENCES
1. Imomkulov K. B., Abdunazarov E. E. The results of the experiments conducted on the selection of the type of working body of the machine for burying pomegranate bushes //Эффективность применения инновационных технологий и техники в сельском и водном хозяйстве. - 2020. - С. 652. Qutbiddin I. et al. Burying machine to pomegranate bushes // Journal of Critical Reviews. - 2020. - Т. 7. - №. 13. - С. 1377-1381.
3. Каримжонович К. С., Абдуназаров Э. Э., Ортитов Н. Б. У. Кумилган анор тупларини тули; очадиган курилма текислагичининг очилиш бурчагини таджик; этиш //Механика и технология. - 2022. - Т. 3. - №. 8. - С. 127-132.
4. Бокижонович И. К. и др. Анор тупларини кумадиган машина уюмлагичининг ^ш
конструкцияси //Механика и технология. - 2022. - Т. 3. - №. 8. - С. 98-102.
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9. Имомкулов К.Б., Абдуназаров Э.Э. Анор тупларини кумадиган машина корпуслари орасидаги кундаланг масофани асослаш// Фаргона политехника институти илмий-техника журнали. - Фаргона, 2020. - №6. - Б. 206-208.
10. Абдуназаров Э., Ортиков Н. Такомиллаштирилган анор тупларини кумадиган машина // Инвестицияларни диверсификациялаш асосида саноат корхоналари самарадорлигини ошириш: Республика илмий-амалий конференцияси туплами. -Наманган, 2019. - Б. 284-287.
11. Abdunazarov E. А Анор тупларини кумадиган машина таянч текислигидан пастки осиш нукталаригача булган тик масофани асослаш //Uzbekistan Journal of Engineering and Technology. - 2021.
12. Абдуназаров Э.Э. Анор тупларини кумишнинг механизациялаш муаммолари// Замонавий имл-фаннинг инновацион ривожланиши: Республика илмий-амалий конференцияси илмий маколалар туплами. - Андижон, 2019. - Б. 558-559.
UDC 635.131
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF VEGETABLE GROWING IN
UZBEKISTAN
Elbek E. Abdunazarov
PhD, Doctoral student, Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization (SRIAM), Tashkent, Tel:
+998941517756, e-mail: abdunazarovelbek@gmail. com
Abstract. Uzbekistan has great potential for the development of vegetable production due to its favorable climate and soil conditions. The government has been implementing programs aimed at improving agricultural productivity and increasing exports, with a focus on modernizing the agricultural sector, including vegetable growing. However, there are challenges in terms of the use of outdated and heavy machinery, as well as the quality and standardization of the produce. The use of modern and energy-efficient technologies and equipment is crucial to improve the quality and quantity of vegetable production. With the proper implementation of these measures, Uzbekistan can increase its vegetable production and become a significant player in the global market.
Keywords. Vegetable production, agriculture, modernization, productivity, exports, technology, equipment, farming, soil, climate, market, investment, government programs, sustainability.
