Great Association physical theories: quantum hypermechanics and astronomy Текст научной статьи по специальности «Физика»

PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS

ВЕЛИКОЙ ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЕ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ТЕОРИЙ: КВАНТОВЫЕ ГИПЕРМЕХАНИКА

И АСТРОНОМИЯ

Ибрагимов Р.

Виртуальная астрофизическая обсерватория, пестрые горы, Алма-Ата, 2019

Казахстан, Алматы

GREAT ASSOCIATION PHYSICAL THEORIES: QUANTUM HYPERMECHANICS AND

ASTRONOMY

Ibragimov R.

Virtual Astrophysical Observatory, motleys mountains, Alma-Ata, 2019

Kazakhstan, Almaty

АННОТАЦИЯ

Физический Вакуум - это есть "ничто", из которого возникает "нечто", причем, в таком многообразии, что зададим вопрос - существует ли «ничто»? А наш мир вступил в эпоху путаницы, как следствие фрагментации наших знаний и деструктуризации понятий и законов, ранее установленных! По этим причинам чрезвычайно необходимо анализировать и корректировать фундаментальные понятия и законы ранее установленные в соответствии с последними результатами наблюдений астрономии во всех спектрах частот! Но как показали попытки классической Астрофизики связать и представить в едином непротиворечивом комплексе получаемые данные астрономических обсерваторий создают больше вопросов чем ответов! Собственно, настоящая публикация совместно с томами [1, 2] представляет трилогию тематики «GREAT ASSOCIATION PHYSICAL THEORIES» или GRASS, которая и восполняет пробел познаний непротиворечивых законов Вселенной!

ABSTRACT

Physical Vacuum is "nothing", from which "something" arises, moreover, in such a diversity that we ask the question - does "nothing" exist? And our world has entered an era of confusion, as a result of the fragmentation of our knowledge and the restructuring of concepts and laws previously established! For these reasons, it is extremely necessary to analyze and correct the fundamental concepts and laws previously established in accordance with the latest results of observations of astronomy in all frequency spectra! But as the attempts of classical Astrophysics have shown to connect and present in a single consistent set the obtained data of astronomical observatories create more questions than answers! Actually, this publication together with volumes [1,2] represents the trilogy of the subject "GREAT ASSOCIATION PHYSICAL THEORIES" - or GRASS, which fills the gap of knowledge of the consistent laws of the Universe!

Ключевые слова: Вселенная, галактика, звезды, большой взрыв, гравитационное излучение, гиперпространство, фотоны, квантование пространства.

Keywords: Universe, galaxy, star, big bang, elementary particles, neutrino, photons, gravitational radiation, hyperspace, space quantization, time, metric, gravity detector, black hole, grass

Tron •,

§1. Let's start the review of the GRASS theory with the discovery of the century in Astrophysics:

1.1. From the analysis of the measured photon energy displacements from the Snla and quasar's arrays, the minimum element of MeeV vacuum energy is established.

O = (h*H°) & (A*H>) = 1,563E-33 (1,840E-33) ev (1)

Here H° = Ho*c are the Habla quantum constants, which determine both the lifetime and the distance to the edge of the Universe, and h and A the particle and wave constants, the dimension of work. And some of the extensions of the Standard Model proposed by theoretical physicists predict the existence of ultra-light

bosons, which, for example, belong to a class of photons. These hypothetical bosons are much easier than any known non-zero-mass particles.

1.2. Statement. The key constant is the minimum element of vacuum energy fi MeeV - the super-light boson. From the analysis of data on Snla and quasars, that is, if the energy loss by photons Ae in the distance R is divided by the total number of pulses of photons of electromagnetic radiation, this leads to a constant: Q = 1.5629E-33 eV and it turned out that there is a coincidence Q (h * H0) which connects the fundamental vacuum constant Q (Rafel boson), the micro world h, (Planck) and the macro world H (Hubble). And the red extragalactic shift of the energy of electromagnetic radiation is the sum of the energy losses - Q for each pulsation of photons, and the magnitude of the loss does not depend on its initial energy, nor on the distance. We come to the conclusion that Q is the minimum energy element and if we represent it as a wave, then comparing with the formula for the photon energy

e = h*v we have the value of its frequency H0 = 2.3E-18 Hz! And the time value T = 1,336E + 10 ly is equal to the age of the Universe, from the moment of its birth at a distance of L0 = 1.264E+35 nm, which is equal to the wavelength Q. Mysteriously, but interesting because you can't call these numbers an accident! And indeed, it can be assumed that the fundamental element of energy Q was born in the era of the hot birth of the universe together with the photons of electromagnetic radiation is a kind of string from the event in space and time. And as shown by in-depth Hubble telescope surveys in the outer space, there are myriads of young galaxies, but there are no single stars! These facts allow us to state that the birth of the Universe was a three-dimensional explosion in a multitude of centers, which is more acceptable from the standpoint of the redistribution of energy and momentum. Moreover, we make an important conclusion: there is a dissipative mechanism of the red extragalactic shift of the photon energy of the EMP and therefore, the age-old dispute about the legitimacy of the Hubble law and the Doppler effect is not decided in favor of the latter. Moreover, these laws have a place to be, but with a local interpretation, introduced earlier by the authors of these laws.

§2. Photons do not have a rest mass, but have an impulse, loss of energy and a finite lifetime, and as a result - decay in a vacuum! The dissipative model of the redshift of the photon energy leads to the facts about the finite time of their life due to the loss of energy and their decay into constituent elements at the end of the path. In view of the importance of these statements, we consider them in more detail, and for this purpose we use the results obtained by the GRASS theory [1]:

2.1. The existence of MeeV fi implies the red-shift dissipative model, which states that with each pulsation the photon loses the minimum vacuum energy Q in intergalactic space and this loss does not depend on its initial energy! But an increase in the radiation frequency leads to an increase in the total energy loss.

2.2. The Planck's corpuscular constant h and the wave constant A are related as follows: AX = h*v, which leads to a complex form representing the photon energy: E = h*v ± i*A*k (2)

which also contains the corpuscular wave dualism of electromagnetic radiation, and the k-wave vector! In quantum mechanics, the wave vector k is the momentum of the wave p = k!

2.3. Quantum formalism of photons EMP: Arbitrary distance r is permissible to represent the integer wavelength X, that is: r ^ rn = n*X, where n = Ae/Q! In this way, we use the model of dissipative energy loss of electromagnetic radiation of known wavelength as the basis for quantization of space (metric).

2.4. The Euclidean + Poincare hyperspace is realized by the interval S = rn ± i*c*t, where rn is the vector of the Euclidean space, and i*c*t is the coordinate proposed by Henri Poincare and which confirms the real location of the photon.

2.5. Work on the movement of photons in hyperspace is defined:

An= (E*S) = n*h*(v*X)*(1+(c/c,=q))/2 = n*A*(1+n)/2. (3)

So, with the vacuum refractive index q = c/c'~1, the wave constant A is the work of moving the photon with the cost of Q per pulsation! In this way, they were convinced that the element of work "on the outline of the photon propagation is equidiscent ripple n, that is, is a fundamental constant.

2.6. The distance from the data of the displacement of the wavelength Z is determined by quantization of the wavelength d = En*Xn. The summation takes into account the increase in wavelength. The quantization algorithm for the distance wavelength Xn allows you to calculate the distance to a stellar object with high accuracy:

D = £X„ = E Xo(1 + n*H°*X0) = Xo[1+ H°*Xo*

n*(1+n)/2] (4)

where the number of photon pulsations is n = (vo - vn)/Ho. For this purpose, it is enough to set the initial wavelength, frequency and measure the final frequency.

2.7. A pulsating model of elementary particles is proposed, namely: the gamma quantum is "glued" by a charge ± q, which determines the electron - positron pair. Energy - the lepton mass in this variant is equal to the energy of the y quantum, but according to the basic property of the radiation, with each pulsation the lepton Q eV is lost. And according to the condition of particle stability, this loss is required to be replenished, and therefore, the stability of elementary particles is provided by the influx (MeeV), and in turn, the flow of this energy provides the field of the particle. For this reason, MeeV Q is the graviton which ensures both the stability of a material particle and its field! And the wave vector k =1/X = P defines the fundamental meaning of a pulse from the point of view of quantum mechanics and modern physics in general: the wave momentum is the wave vector. And if Q is imagined as a wave, then when a MeeV is absorbed, the impulse is transmitted, and this is a force effect on the material body by the source of the field of the field! This effect determines the properties of the already and the graviton for the superlight boson Q (MeeV)!

2.8. The dependence of the redshift on the distance is strictly linear Z = Ho*r, established after adjusting the distance, and quantization of the Hubble constant leads to the relation:

Ho = Ho*c = 2.374E-19Hz (H0 = 4.45E-19 Hz,

in quasars). (5)

2.9. The real border of the star of the Sun is calculated, and it is equal to R = 4.77 pc. At this boundary, with the vacuum refractive index q = c/c' 4 1, the violet shift of radiation from closely spaced stars and, moreover, the refractive properties of light rays from distant star objects on this boundary creates the effect of a giant gravitational force!

2.10. The existence of the outer boundary of the Sun, R ~ 4.77 pc, can be explained by the graviton density differential, that is, during the star's existence, the vacuum energy (gravitons) was used to maintain its stability, which formed the sphere of the vacuum energy density deficit!

2.11. The violet shift in the frequency of the control signal from the pioneer type spacecraft, which is interpreted as "slowing down" their speed, is evidence of the interaction of photons and the field of photons (when the star enters the field, the photon energy increases)!

2.12. The deceleration of the partial speed of photons was established: A dissipative model of energy loss by photons leads to its frequency: vn = (vo - n*Ho), with the number of pulsations - n = h * (vo - vn)/Q = (vo - vn)/Ho. And accordingly, the wavelength is: Xn = Xo + n*8X, where 8X, Q/A*Xo2, after n pulsations and finally: Xn = X0 (1 + n*H°*Xo). The values for the wavelength and frequency of photons allow us to calculate its partial velocity:

C n = vn*Xn = (1 + n*Ho*Xo)*(c - n*H*). (6)

2.13. From the graphic dependence of the displacement in the photon velocity, there is a parabola: Zc = (n/nmax) 2, where nmax = 8,26E-37 for the wavelength Xo = , 555 nm and the number of pulsations n = (eo - e) / Q = (vo - v)/H in which the dependence on the initial photon energy eo is established. The current photon energy has a limitation e < er in the region of relic photons!

2.14. Lifetime photons of course. To determine it, it is sufficient to set the condition Cn = 0 in (6), which leads to such a relationship between the number of pulsations and the initial wavelength of the photon, a sort of decay coordinates - co/Ho = n*Xo.. And then calculate the photon lifetime using the formula Tn = Dn/cn.

2.15. Thus, we were convinced that an increase in the initial photon energy leads to an increase in the number of pulsations (before their decay), which begins later, because Zc ^ 1 takes place, and a decrease in the initial energy leads to the opposite process! This effect leads to the birth of the energetically equilibrium spectrum of relic photons because, during the hot phase of the birth of the Universe, and this is a volume explosion of "black stars" arrays, the initial spectrum of photon energies also took place!

2.16. But the cherry in the picture of Cosmology introduces a finite lifetime of relic photons - x ~ 3,74176E+13 l.y. and the path to their decay S ~1,15E+07 mpc. So, the finite time is the minimum lifetime of the Universe, and if you build a sphere with radius S in the Universe, then information is physically absent from more distant star worlds - that is, relict photons already dissolve! For these reasons, it makes sense to say only about the minimum time of the world and the distance to the edge of our now open Universe, which has a spherical shape, that is, no matter how much the observer moves, in any direction, the world will still have the shape of a sphere!

§3. Pulsating model of the material body and gravity [3].

3.1. Imagine a stable elementary particle as a pulsating quanta which is "glued" by a charge q. According to the basic property of EMR, with each pulsation, the quanta loses an element of energy - Q = 1.5629E-3 3 eV. But on the other hand, the stability of the particle is provided by the binding energy and, therefore, this loss is compensated by the charge q from the vacuum

environment. As a result, there is a flow of elements of energy Q, now gravitons, in the direction of the particle, which creates its field of aggression. For example: a particle with a wavelength X = 2.43 nm and a frequency = 1.23 * 1020 Hz, therefore, the rest energy has the value E = mc2 = 510223.05 ev, which is 99.7% of the mass of an electron (positron). According to this model, the energy flux Q of the "drain - inflow" for stable lep-tons, at a frequency = 1.23E+20 Hz and Q = 1.5629E-33 eV, is P = Q*v = ± 1.92243E-13 ev/s.

3.2. Conclusion of the law of the bosonic form of matter.

If the total power of the MT is divided by the area of the sphere surrounding it, then we obtain as a result the formula for the flow of energy of gravitons [1]:

P = W / (4*я* R2) (J/M2/S). (7)

In deriving this equation, we used the connection of the mass of the body M and its equivalence of the radiation energy M = h*v/c2! The calculations lead to the result P = 1.09E+10 J/м2^ - on the surface of the sun. The largest nebula in this research algorithm is introduced by the parameter v - graviton frequency, which was previously admitted with a primary value v ~ 2.78E-19 Hz, and the energy value Q = 1.84E-33 ev gives a close value: H0 = 2.374E -19Hz! And the impulse of the wave is the wave vector, which provides for the aggression!

3.3. The field of the planet Earth.

The mass of the earth consists of many elements and it is almost impossible to determine with good accuracy their specific contribution to the formation of the flow of energy of gravitons, therefore, the total power has:

W = fi * (M = J Mi)*c2/h (watt), (8)

where the total mass is the sum of the elements, including the nucleons and electrons. For the planet Earth, the total power of the graviton flux is W = 2.03E + 23Watt (j/s). Power of graviton energy flux to the Earth:

P = W / (4*rc*R2) (W/м2 = j/s/м2), (9)

And as a result, the power of graviton energy flow per 1 m2 of the Earth's surface is equal to such a fantastic value P = 397680737.4 J/s/м2! But if we fit body mass m on a surface of 1 м2, we end up with a well-known version of classical mechanics, because, this energy passes m as if through glass. Nevertheless, a body of mass m consumes some energy from this stream! For example: if a body with a mass of m = 1 kg is placed on the surface, then we obtain such a value of the power of the consumed energy W = 3.40E-02 W or a flux of radiant energy P = 0.0027029 J/с/м2, which ultimately leads to the weight of the body on the surface of the Earth, as well as to the acceleration of free fall g = 9.801 м/с2.

In this way, we have seen that the field model of fi and the existence of gravitons or ultralight bosons is the place to be!

§4. The transformations of vacuum energy in the hyperspace of Euclid Poincare determine the real picture of our macrocosm [6].

4.1. The sad story of the birth, life and death of photons is a connecting factor from the birth of the universe and the further transformation of various forms of energy, which is determined by the arrays of gravitons born from photons! First of all, the stability of the bosonic form of matter is provided by the work of the flow of the binding energy, the carrier of which is the minimum element vacuum energy (MeeV) - gravitons. The energy of their existence is directed to the performance of this work, and moreover, the Q MeeV flows in the direction of the center of mass of the star form a force field. Yes, gravitons do not have a rest mass, but have an impulse wave, which is transmitted to body m upon absorption thereof, and the high flux density levels out their meager energy. An interesting fact is that if MeeV Q is presented as a wave, then its length is the distance of the edge of the universe, and the frequency determines the time of its existence. Therefore, the vacuum constant Q is a kind of string from the birth of the Universe! The main properties of photons should include the dissipative loss mechanism of both MeeV Q energy and their speed c with each pulsation, and at the end of the path - photons acquire the parameters of relic radiation with decay into an array of gravitons in density approximately equal to the number of pulsations before its decay, that is, the loss of photons is equal to their inflow from other star worlds! This fact is indicated by the constancy of the concentration of 'relic' photons.

4.2. Hyperspace is like the real space of the Universe.

In mathematics, hyperspace is 4-dimensional Euclidean space, the properties of which are described by the axioms of Euclidean geometry. In the modern sense, hyperspace can denote a finite-dimensional real vector space with a positively defined scalar product of vectors introduced on it, which generates the Euclidean norm: || r || = (Exi2) 1/2, where r = (x1, x2, ..., xn). At the same time, in Euclidean space one can always choose a basis in which exactly this variant is true. A hyperplane is a subspace of the original space with a dimension less than one, and a special case is the projection of the full dimension into the 3-dimensional flat world that is familiar to us.

Following, Euclidean spaces fall into two large classes: real and complex, therefore, Euclidean space can be built on the basis of both real affine space and complex. Now we introduce a metric on the complex space in such a way that each event corresponds to a point of Euclidean space, in Galilean coordinates, three coordinates, which are the Cartesian coordinates of the three-dimensional Euclidean space, and the fourth coordinate is ict, where c is, and t is the time of the event. The metric space is the set in which the distance between any pair of elements is defined, therefore, the relationship between distances and time intervals separating events is characterized by the square of the interval in the form s2 = r2 + (c*t)2. This interval can be represented as the scalar product of complex vectors s2 = (r + i*c*t) * (r - i*c*t), where the vector r is the real part that defines the space (observer) of the flat world in time and the imaginary part of it (the path vector mt) c*t = r0 - determines the vector (orton of the photon),

which leads the radiation source and detector of the observer at the same time! Of interest is ort rv = V*t, where V is the velocity vector of the material body, and R = r + i*V*t is the real coordinate, while neglecting the effect of MT on the force field.

4.3. Hyper Speed V.

Now, in addition to the interval S, we introduce a dynamic parameter, this is the total time interval derivative, which takes the form:

St = (ds / dt) = V ± i*(C + t*Ct), (10)

provided that the partial derivative of the speed of light Ct = (dc/dt) is nonzero! When Ct 4 0, we have the equation for the imaginary part (C + t*Ct) = 0, which has such a solution (in terms of displacements) Zc=Zt, where Zc = C0/C-1 and Zt = 1 + At/t0 (with increasing time At there is a red shift Zc which is caused by an increase in the speed of light C) and therefore St=V, that is, the 4-dimensional complex interval St degenerates into the observed real space of the velocity vectors V! Note that there is uncertainty at this point, namely, the unknown quantity is the speed C in the observer's system, not C0 in the source system, at the time t0.

Further, when Ct = 0, the speed is equal to the complex vector St = V ± i*C, and the spaces formed by the velocity vectors of the flat world V and the complex space St have uncertainties with an accuracy of C, which leads to its modulus St2 = V2 + C2 > C! And the main problem in its physical interpretation is the incompatibility of the postulate on the constancy of the speed of light (Ct=0) and Euclidean space (+1,+1,+1,+1), with the representation of the Poincare coordinate - i*c*t, but compatible And the main problem in its physical interpretation is the incompatibility of the postulate on the constancy of the speed of light (Ct=0) and Euclidean space (+1, +1, +1, +1), with the representation of the Poincare coordinate - i*c*t, but compatible with the pseudo-Euclidean Minkowski space (-1, +1, +1, +1)! Of undoubted interest is also the identity Zc=Zt 4 0, which is valid in E-P space, that is, in the course of time, the speed of light decreases!

4.4. Hyper acceleration a.

It is easy to see that the identity St = V, and as a result, Zc = Zt, is true for rectilinear motions or a state of rest of a system of bodies, that is, outside the force fields! For the physics of Universe space, this approximation is quite acceptable, since galaxies and star clusters are separated by large space-time intervals and therefore the Stt = A identity takes place, that is, Hyper-acceleration is real.

4.5. What is the fourth parameter of the space of the universe.

The Euclidean - Poincare space has the norm s2 = r2 + (u)2, where s is the interval of full space, r is the vector space of Euclidean, and the vector space u = i*c*t, proposed by Henri Poincare, connects the observer, the object of observation and the ray of light. The subspaces r, u are connected by the scalar product (r, u) 0 (this property is assigned by the norm s), which determines the properties of the complete space s. That is, the elements of the spaces r, u are orthogonal and allow the construction of an orthonormal basis in a 3-dimensional complex Euclidean space, which is written

using the Kronecker symbol: for each pair of basis vectors it is zero when i 4 j, and is equal to one with the same index satisfies and the condition of singularity of the norm of all its elements. First of all, contrary to expectations, the Euclidean - Poincare space turned out to be three-dimensional, but the fourth dimension is postulated by the fact that the observer receives absolutely all the information from the past, and the reaction by sending an impulse beam to the electromagnetic radiation in the direction of the object to the future. No observer No 4 coordinates!

4.6. Einstein's GRT and the unreality of symbiosis with quantum theory.

The E-P hyperspace used in Hyperphysics is defined by [Space] and is based on the use of the complex interval s = r ± i*c*t. And as it turned out, such a symbiosis was so successful that it made it possible to easily use it in almost all of its sections. But the analysis showed that the main problem of the EP space in its physical interpretation lies in the incompatibility of the postulate on the constancy of the speed of light (Zc=0) and the Euclidean space (+1, +1, +1, +1), with the representation of the Poincare coordinate - i*c*t, but this fact did not affect the generality of the results obtained. But the postulate Zc = 0 is compatible with the pseudo-Euclidean Minkowski space (-1, +1, +1, +1), which is realized in Einstein's GTR! That is, the postulate on the constancy of the speed of light in Einstein's theory is a necessary measure, which follows from the choice of the metric of the pseudo-Euclidean Minkowski space, but it seems that such a choice did not allow to develop a symbiosis of general relativity with quantum theory. Something like this!

But the complex hyperspace of E-P, allows for an explicit spread of quantization principles from EMP and elementary particles, to stars and galaxies, and which is demonstrated in the present studies and found implementation in the principles of Hyperphysics [S]!

4.7. The proposed space, with a metric on it, has unique properties: setting dc 4 0, where c is the speed of light, we end up with the identity dS/dt = V for a space-time interval and then we arrive at the identity Zc = Zt, that is, the flow world time is identical to slowing down the speed of light. And finally: The Euclidean-Poincare space is invariant to the Lorentz transformations, but it requires a slowing down of the speed of light identical to the flow of world time, as a necessary condition for its use in the Cosmology basis. It is easy to verify that using the interval in the form S2 = r2 - (c * t) 2 Lobachevsky spaces (real vectors) and used in Einstein's theory of relativity requires a constant speed of light! It is this fact that does not allow combining GR with quantum field theory because the latter operates with dual vectors in a complex form, a vivid example of which is the Schrodinger equation, and does not require artificial constancy of the speed of light, as we have seen in this paper!

§5 Hypermechanics [1, 2]. Statement: Arbitrary distance r is permissible to represent an integer wavelength X, that is: r ^ rn = n*X, where n = Ae/fi!

5.1. The system of dynamic equations of hyper-mechanics.

The nature of gravity is the key when combining physical theories that predict the transformation and movement of various forms of the energy of the universe. Statement: A true scalar or invariant is a work -the value of which determines all the variable parameters of the processes. Let us consider in more detail the real scalar work, which in the classical representation is the scalar product of the applied force, on a material body of mass m, on the path it has traveled in hyperspace.

Having introduced a force in the hyperspace, F = f ± i*p, where the inertial part f=m*a = m*(d2r/dt2) and P = - k*grad (U) is the force determined by the weight of the body in the field of a star. Further, the interval in the hyperspace is set in such a form - S= r ± i*s, where s = V*t is the distance traveled and, as a result, the complete work takes the form that differs from (1,2) for EMR where S = c*t: r=n*X:

A = (F*S) = (f*R) - (s*p) ± i*(f*s + p*R). (11) But work is a real number and therefore, this equation is converted into a system of vector equations:

(r*f) - (s*P) = A; (s*f) + (r*P) = zero. (12) And if we recognize that the EMP speed is constant, then the derivatives d / dt = c * d / ds (c * grads) and d2 / dt2 = c2d2 / ds2 and therefore the scalar products (s * f) can be represented in this form: mc2 (s * as) and mc2 (r * as). And the system (11) takes the form: mc2 (r*as) - (s*P) = A; mc2 (s*as) + (r*P) =

zero. (13)

In system (13) we got rid of the explicit dependence on time t, but which is present at the clock frequency of observation of the dynamic parameters of the body with mass m in the field of M in the image of the initial and boundary conditions.

The proposed system of vector equations establishes a connection between the trajectories of material bodies in the total field U, and the transformations of the kinetic and potential energies and the work done during these processes! The interval S determines the true position of the material body in the observer's system, taking into account the distance, its speed and the speed of the signal! In this case, the first equation determines the rule - the transformation of the energy of motion into the energy of the potential, or in the opposite direction, is accompanied by the performance of work! The second equation determines the laws of conservation of energy, momentum, moment, etc. during the transformation of energy for a closed system.

5.2. Work on holding the body with mass m in a circular orbit [13].

The system of vector equations (2) is thus reduced to the following form:

A = - (t*V*P); (r*P) = zero. (14) where s =V*t, and P = - k*grad (U) is the force determined by the field of aggression.

The solution of this system is to work on holding (motionless) a body with a mass m in the field of gravity as a linear function of time:

A = s*grad (U) = ~ m*s* (g = - G * M/r2); (15) It is reasonable to ask a question, but what's about the transmission rate of an electromagnetic wave, c. I answer, in the theory of gravitational acceleration g = G*M/r2 occupies a key position in the consideration of

the nature of the agony in the theory of Tron [5]. At the same time, the interval S acquires a different meaning and, accordingly, work without moving the material body (there is an imaginary value) is: A = ~ M*v*g*t. And the speed of propagation of the impact in the direction of the center of mass of the body M, which carries the body with mass m with the initial velocity v = g * t0, where g = G * M / r2 is the acceleration in the field, and t0 - a fixed point in time. The solution of this system is to work on keeping (immovable) a body with a mass m in the gravity field as a linear function of time (formula for an athlete and a bodybuilder):

A = m*v*t*g = m*g2*At*to; (16) where v ~ g*t0, and At = t - t0 is the time during which the velocity v was measured.

In the case analyzed, the work of keeping the weight of two-pound weight at rest for two minutes equals A = 33056 J = 7.90057361 kcal, which is equivalent to boiling ~ 100 grams of water from room temperature.

5.3. From the analysis of the equations for the planetary system it follows that A - is the work of the field of the Sun star in keeping the planet of mass m on the orbit of Rn. With a circular orbit, an approximate solution of the system gives the correct set of orbits for the planets of the solar system [1]. Further analysis of the system leads to the conclusions: the movement of the material body m in the gravitational potential field U is not limited to the centrally symmetric law, and U has a tangential component, which provides the motion of MT in a circular orbit in the star's plane, and gives the galaxy a disk shape. Actually, the real function U can be a superposition of a system of n material bodies - planets. For these reasons, the system of vector equations is a solution to the problem of motion for a material body m in the field n of material bodies M as functions of two vectors s and r, that is, the path and coordinate vectors.

The solution of this system also contains the scalar parameter work A, performed by the gravitational field to move the body M. Further, the two histograms represent the solutions (6) in the approximation of circular orbits for the planets of the solar system. It can be seen that, firstly, the orbits and the planets are connected chaotically, that is, they are not dependent on their mass (on which orbit the planet has jumped in there and lives); And secondly - the periods of circulation are also not dependent on the mass of the planets! These results lead to the conclusion: the structure of the field of the Sun has a complex configuration, which defines a planetary, discrete or quantum system.

5.4. But if the work is being done to hold the planets and move along the trajectory in the orbit of the Sun, then there is also an expenditure of energy! This is the

main question that needs to be answered - from which source does energy derive over a billion light years?

The answer can be found by examining the nature of the aggravated, presented in Chapter 1 of paragraph 3: The main reason is expressed by the statement - the physical vacuum is real, point. Following this, a dissi-pative loss of the minimum vacuum energy Q was established, with each pulsation of photons (a source of red extragalactic displacement). Further, if the energy loss is constant, then the time comes x when the photon loses stability and the residual energy is scattered by Q elements in a vacuum environment (source of equilibrium microwave or relic photons). Another confirmation of the finite lifetime of photons is the fact that the concentrations of relic photons are constant, that is, the inflow is equal to their drain! Note that the minimum

element of vacuum energy Q is the graviton or the expected ultralight boson and has connections with the Planck and Hubble constants in this way - Q = h * H. And if we imagine Q as a wave, then its length is equal to the radius of the observable universe, and the frequency 1/x is the time of its life. A kind of string from the depths of the birth of the universe. Such connections cannot be called an accident - this is true!

In this way, the medium of physical vacuum is filled with gravitons Q and a constant energy density is formed! The question is - is the source of the energy flow known and it remains to find out where the flow of this energy is directed?

5.5. Quantum hypothesis. A stable elementary particle is represented as a pulsating quanta which is "glued" by a charge q. Therefore, with each pulsation y - quant loses the minimum element of vacuum energy Q (fundamental property of electromagnetic radiation) and, by the stability property, this loss is compensated for by charge q (determining strong interaction) from the medium of vacuum, and the flow of energy elements Q towards the center of mass and creates a field of the material body, the mechanism is described in chapter §3!

5.6. Graviton. The proposed model of elementary particles allows the development, namely: the rule of dissipative energy loss by photons of electromagnetic radiation implies a loss of 1 Q MeeV for each pulsation of y - quanta of leptons. But on the other hand, the particles are stable and therefore this loss of energy must be replenished from the vacuum, which forms the flow of energy, now gravitons Q. The calculation of the ratio of the energy flow per second to the total energy is equal to k = AE/mc2 = 3.78E-19 times, which indicates the minimum contribution of the gravity process to the energy balance! And this means, again, that the annihilation energy is determined by the Coulomb energy of separation (fusion) of charges and in the first approximation is not related to the mass of the particle and its rest energy, therefore, q ± has a sign of strong interactions.

§6. The evolution of stellar objects and quantum astronomy.

6.1. Compactness of star objects (a very important parameter).

Actually, the magnitude of the gravitational mass of the radiation source, which causes the red gravitational displacement of Zg, does not have to be high! To estimate the process of occurrence of energy displacements Ze> 1, we introduce the factor of compactness of a remote source of electromagnetic radiation — k = Rsh/R, where Rsh = 2GM/c2 is the Schwarzschild radius, and R is the sphere radius of the source's gravitational mass. We also note that k2 = Ssh /s0 is equal to the ratio of the areas covering the Schwarzschild sphere and the stars, and k3 = Vsh / v0 are the ratios of their volumes. These properties of the compactness factor allow its effective use in the study and comparison of the properties of stellar objects [4]

It is known that for the bolometric luminosity and the radius of most stars of the main sequence, the static relationship is Lbol = R52. And for a relatively small

number of stars, an important empirical relationship between mass and bolometric luminosity was found -Lbol = M39. It follows from this relationship that their luminosity range significantly exceeds the possible mass values: 10-1*Msun <M <10+2 * Msun; 10-6 *Lsun < L <10+6 *Lsun. Actually, it is from this property that the conclusion is drawn that the star's gravitational mass is constant! But we will be consistent and, by eliminating the bolometric luminosity, we define the dependence R (M) by the identity: R52 = M39, taking into account which the coefficient of compactness takes the form:

k = ksun * M1/4= ksun * R1/3, (R52 = M3'9) (17)

where psun is the density of the star of the sun. It can be seen that with the growth of both the radius and the mass of the star its density decreases (2), but the coefficient, then the compactness (1) increases, but it should not be so, and we come to the next paradox in the evolution of stellar objects, which is the result wrong star model!

6.2. Relationship of Zg and compactness coefficient k.

On the other hand, assuming the presence of a gravitational 'mass - energy' of the photon accept and taking into account the experimentally established effect of the field of electromagnetic radiation on electromagnetic radiation [1], we obtain the relationship between the star's compactness coefficient and the effect of its gravitational mass on the wavelength displacement:

Zg = (1-k)-1/2 - 1; k = 1- (Zg +1)-2; (18)

Obviously, the maximum gravitational shift will be observed as k ^ 1, while for the G2V star, the compactness factor is k ~ 4.26 * 10-6.

6.3. Displacement of EMR parameters from distant star objects.

It is known [22] that the measured spectral shift of electromagnetic radiation from distant quasars (Z> 1) contain and are divided into contributions of both the gravitational mass effect Zg and the change in shift from the path traveled - Z1. By their nature, these processes are sequential: primarily, this change in the photon's wavelength from 10 to 1 '(the effect of the gravitational mass of a quasar), followed by its increase from 1' to 1, on the way to the observer. As a result, we have a superposition rule for the total displacement Z, of these processes on observer detectors: (1-Z) = (1-Zg) (1-ZX) or Z = Zg - Zg * ZX + ZX. (19)

And if from other data we have the distance to the obj ect, then Z1 is also determined, which allows determining Zg, and Z> 1 - the measured offset from the quasar. From stars close to the Sun, gravitational displacements, at the output from the source and at the entrance to the detector, are mutually compensated.

6.4. The results of the study of an array of quasars and galactic nuclei.

As noted above [23], the photometric and spectral shifts of the parameters of the EMP, upon separate consideration, contain incomplete information about the processes that accompany the detection of radiation from quasars.

But there are unique data on the measured displacements Zfot and Zspec of a large array of distant

stellar objects with Z>1 [5], with an attempt to disavow them because of their difference Zfot and Zspec.

But if we take into account the regularity of such inequality, as well as the effect of the loss of photon energy of electromagnetic radiation, in the course of world time, then there is no price for this data from quasars. Actually, according to (1,4,5), the compactness coefficients k are calculated for stellar objects provided in [5]. Quite unexpectedly, an array of quasars stratified into six discrete levels, which are characterized by compactness coefficients:

log k = - 0.16 - (2 * n-1) * 0.05603, (20)

where n - has the value of the star's quantum level. Further, the value of k allows, by (5), to determine both the gravitational mass and the radius of the star. The bolometric luminosity, and, consequently, the absolute magnitude, as well as all other parameters of the stellar object, is determined by trace.

Note that in the calculations neither the time of formation of the star object, nor the distance to it appears, but we believe that as the stars were removed into the past, they were more massive and the radius is much larger.

6.5. The discrete nature of stellar objects [2, 4].

An important parameter of a star is its compactness factor, which is equal to the ratio of the Schwarzschild radius to the star radius and for quasars and galactic nuclei, compactness coefficients k were calculated and it turned out that these objects were distributed among discrete groups! Received a discrete series in which all stellar objects were distributed, and moreover, all the physical parameters of the star are determined by one quantum number n! For the star of the Sun, n = 47, and for the planets of the solar system there are also their quantum numbers. And it was for the planets that the adequacy of the quantum sequence was tested - a great coincidence.

On the other hand, with the striving n ^ 0, a problem arose which manifested itself in inverse correlation with the star density and compactness factor: as k ^ 1, the density p ^ 0 is a paradox, but it should not be so! The latent vacuum energy is the main component of the energy of stellar objects for small n = 0.1, 2 ...! And its transformation into the bosonic form of matter is the source of the colossal energy of quasars and as a result

of these processes myriads of stars are born in the nuclei of galaxies.

A model of these processes can be proposed: when n = 0, there is a quasar with a Schwarzschild radius presumably parsecs, and the conversion of latent energy into a bosonic form occurs in the near-surface layer and as the intensity of this process increases, a powerful explosive process occurs as a result of which the shapeless mass is extruded into the surrounding space. bunches of boson and latent energy that over the course of time and turn into stars with ball symmetry! The different ratio of these energies determines the subsequent history of the star - the lifetime, density and the probability of the formation of a supernova when it explodes! Small fragments gradually cooling down turn into planets - satellites of the stars that captured them. It is also obvious that in the process of converting the latent energy of the vacuum, the whole spectrum of elements is formed, and not just elementary particles and EMR radiation. In this way, the main mystery of the birth of a bosonic form of matter is sent to the infernal generator of the Universe - a quasar! In what form is the energy at k ^ 1, this is a big question, but presumably before birth, this is Black Star!

6.6. The main regularity: A decrease in both the mass and the radius of a star leads to an increase in its density in a discrete manner, that is, an array of stars is quantized:

1. The transformation of a massive star, along the flow of world time, occurs in a discrete way;

2. This process leads to a loss of mass and a decrease in the radius of the star, but leads to an increase in its density;

3. But the increase in star density is accompanied by a decrease in its compactness, and this is another paradox!

The same paradox is observed with a decrease in the quantum number n - an increase in the mass and diameter of stars leads to a decrease in density, but this process is accompanied by an increase in the compactness coefficient!

And the maximum value of the compactness coefficient is k =, 854, that identification as a quasar, and stellar objects k = 1 "Black Hole" are missing.

6.7. Processes of transformation of stars [2, 5].

According to the basic quantum sequence, in terms of the compactness coefficient k (n), the entire star series is arranged in the following order: Quasars (n = 0), ..., Sun (n = 47), ..., Jupiter (n = 65), ..., Earth ( n = 78), ..., Moon (n = 90), .... All these objects of the sequence are separated by a defect of radii, densities, masses, luminosities and which are established. It remains to associate this sequence by the law of a discrete transition, with the passage of world time, with an increase in the quantum number of the Star n, and the discrete transition is accompanied by an explosive process with the formation of: gamma flares, gipernovae, supernovae, with a decrease in the energy released in accordance with AM(n). For stars close to G2V, the released energy is not enough for supernovae and the transition process is more relaxed, and in evidence, the star of Sirius in the middle ages was red.

Hypothesis. The paradox of stability of the stars is solved, under the condition of the existence of the

It can be seen that the belonging of the objects of the solar system to the main quantum sequence of stars (4) is established quite convincingly, which indicates their close relationship.

6.9. Deviations from the main quantum sequence in n are established for the Phobos and Deimos satellites of Mars and Amalthea and Phoebe's satellites of Jupiter. It was established that for Phobos and Deimos their coefficient of compactness cannot be calculated

CMEA or dark energy in the form of local areas in the star's body, and all the energy of the star further results from the transformation of dark energy into elementary particles plus radiation in a wide range of energies. Chains of thermonuclear reactions accompany these processes, but they are not the main suppliers of energy.

The possibility of such a star transformation channel is also of interest - an increase in the star density is accompanied by the release of binding energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation of a wide range of energies, which leads to an outbreak of Sn! When this occurs, the extrusion of radiation and the outer shell of the star!

6.8. Solar system.

Above, it was hypothesized that all stellar objects have their quantum numbers n, which determine their main parameters. Let us verify this statement for those objects of the Solar system for which the basic parameters are known, with good accuracy (table 1).

due to the violation of the identity R52 M39. With a radius of 11.1 km, the mass of Phobos must be equal to ~ 1.07E+24 kg, but not at all 1.072E+16 kg! With such a mass deficit, Phobos is like an empty egg - one shell. Similarly, with Deimos. Thus, it was established that the satellites of the planet Mars Phobos and Deimos abnormally fall out of the quantum regularity of stellar objects due to the presence of voids inside - an object like an egg shell.

квант. число объект m/Msun r/Rsun p(g/sm3) Rsh(sm) k

47 Солнце 1 1 1,41 296444 4,25925E-06

86 Меркурий 0,000000165 0,00350431 5,43 0,04891326 2,00546E-10

79 Венера 0,000002435 0,008693966 5,25 0,72184114 1,19293E-09

78 Земля 0,00000299 0,009163793 5,5 0,88636756 1,38973E-09

84 Марс 0,000000321 0,004880747 3,92 0,095158524 2,80125E-10

65 Юпитер 0,00095 0,102583333 1,32 281,6218 3,94439E-08

69 Сатурн 0,0002845 0,086681034 0,68 84,338318 1,39795E-08

73 Уран 0,00004345 0,037672414 1,22 12,8804918 4,91247E-09

72 Нептун 0,000051 0,035574713 1,65 15,118644 6,10608E-09

90 Луна 3,67E-08 0,002497126 3,34 0,010879495 6,25978E-11

89 Ио 4,47E-08 0,002609195 3,57 0,013251047 7,29683E-11

91 Европа 0,000000024 0,002248563 2,97 0,007114656 4,54611E-11

89 Ганимед 0,000000074 0,003780172 1,94 0,021936856 8,33784E-11

97 Каллисто 0,000000009 0,003448276 1,86 0,002667996 1,11167E-11

The MARSIS radar experiment independently confirmed that "the interior of Phobos is replete with geometric rooms, rectangular walls and floors, installed with the help of the semi-correct structure of the reflected internal radar echoes, since they were impressed with MARSIS signals". In other words, the radar reflections of MARSIS, officially published on the ESA website, contain precise scientific data that strongly support the idea that these radar echoes emanate from a "huge, geometric hollow alien spacecraft"! This conclusion is confirmed by the existence of the mysterious structure of the monolith on the surface of Phobos. It is believed that a detailed study of this object, whose height is ~ 100 meters, will remove secrets from the ancient history of our world and Homo Sapience, including. It is possible that this object is like the captain's cabin of a huge spaceship named Phobos, disguised as a cosmic rock, in the space of which there are myriads. The satellites of Jupiter N4 Amalthea, by weight, also shorten

seven orders of magnitude to the stellar series (should be ~ 2.0E+25 kg instead of the real 2.1E+18 kg), similarly to Phoebus. Therefore, along with the satellites of Mars Phobos and Deimos, the satellites of Jupiter Amalthea and Phoebe are supposedly man-made objects.

6.10. Who created them, when and for what purpose is covered with the darkness of the ages, but in the pictures you can see that the production technology is about the same and they all have the form of unnatural space objects. Several hypotheses can be put forward: first, immigrants from other worlds arrived at them and they are our forerunners; secondly, having foreseen Armageddon for the solar system, these ships built our forerunners to save their own kind, but something went wrong; thirdly - in the event of a threat to earthlings, these objects can be used to rescue even our kind, but this requires their detailed study and research, and finally, fourth, are they active objects!?

6.11. There is no sadder story than this - the story of the collapse of the Martians on Mars.

Before us is a photo of the Mars Rover CURIOSITY, and what we see is a cross on NASA, Mars! The red and blue arrows indicate objects that collectively signify their artificial origin. Their natural origin is unlikely, in particular, the attachment of the

figure of the cross. Now about a possible additional object - the entrance to the shelter, the roof of which is indicated by a green ball. When you increase the photo images, the purpose of this design can be satisfied with a high degree of probability, but not 100%.

It is perfectly acceptable that there was water below the blue arrow, as indicated by the sandy bottom of the bay. So, all three objects separately do not bear firm confidence in their artificial origin, but in aggregate it can be argued that we have an outpost of intelligent life on Mars or a ritual object. Mars was once inhabited -but not millions of years ago, but then, when Mars was still water in a liquid state and possibly vegetation. And the cataclysm in the solar system occurred more than

10,000 years ago (on the planet Earth it was a global flood), this is the starting point after which the connection of Mars with the planet Earth was interrupted for dozens of centuries. On Earth, life is preserved, but on Mars, as we can see, there is no! What exactly led to this tragedy - we will most likely find out if we visit the MONOLITH, which is on the surface of Phobos, which is a satellite of Mars.

j

6.12. Analysis of the processes of birth of stars and the formation of the universe.

Actually, in the tab. 1 [26] presents the possible states of stars whose absolute magnitude Mabs> 19m. You can see that the star G2V Sun is on the main sequence with n = 47, which indicates its lineage from the quasar, in the center of our galaxy. This fact indicates the fundamental character of the central stellar series (4), true for all the stars of the Universe! Over time, the quasar gradually loses dark energy (when transforming it into mother's bosonic form and radiant energy), which leads to a critical value, and then there is a discrete change in compactness, and other parameters, and energy is released that is spent on ejection of the outer shell quasar, torn into shapeless pieces of plasma, which does not stop the reaction of nuclear fusion. The power of the first explosion is enormous and therefore the ejection speed is high, which allows them to get far from the center of the galaxy. Over time, these "blots" acquire a spherical shape, and new stars begin their already independent existence. Thus, the quasar gradually passes the path from the top when n = 0 and then n = 1,2,3 ..., moreover, after each cycle new and new stars are formed and this is confirmed by the example of globular clusters in which stars of different age groups are found ! The power of the explosion with increasing n and the radial velocity decreases, and therefore the space around the center of the galaxy is filled fairly uniformly. And on the way of the birth of their galaxy, the quasar is gradually screened by an array of born stars and becomes a weakly observable object - the core of the galaxy. The observed forms of galaxies are formed by the total gravitational field of the galaxy, since the energy of the first explosions is not enough to fly away

stars in weightlessness. During the transformation of the quasar, according to the stellar series (n = 0,1,2,3 ...), the hydrogen component and its structure are compacted with increasing n, and the released binding energy, when the star's internal structure changes, is due to the quantum level of dark energy. The type of star, and, consequently, the time of its life is determined by the proportion of boson and dark energy in it. Significantly less energy is released in fusion reactions. However, this process is additional to the energy source, which leads to an increase in the star's internal radiation temperature, but the main thing is that the considered process of discrete change in the star's dark energy is decisive in quantization (4). Obviously, the change in the quantum level of the star (n + 1) occurs abruptly and has the definition of an explosion supernovae, that is, there is an increase in the density of the core of the star with the release of binding energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation in a wide energy range and the ejection of the outer shell of the star. Moreover, with an increase in the quantum level, the emitted binding energy of the nucleus decreases, that is, the explosion energy of the supernovae decreases with the passage of world time, and therefore the standard Sn1a is not a standard candle. Such a conclusion leads to an increase in the boundaries of the observable universe by more than an order of magnitude. Similar results were obtained by analyzing> 2000 data on spectral and red shifts of EMI Sn1a, as well as distances to them [26]. The result of the analysis is the conclusion that the absolute magnitude of the formation of sn1a depends on the distance in this way: M0 = - (19.74m + Lg Rmpc). But,

in the latter fact, an increase in the absolute stellar magnitude correlates with an increase in the distance to the edge of the universe, and it can be concluded that it increases, as well as the increase in the bosonic form of the matter of the universe, over time. Thus, the main stellar series (Table 1) is the law of the flow of world time, according to which the transformation of 'energy - mass' + EMP in the Universe takes place. At the same time, the process starts from a stellar object with n = 0 (black star) of a black star with a diameter of several parsecs and a density of negative energy close to the density of matter of the nucleus of atoms. Such a stable monster, in which there are no active processes of energy conversion into its bosonic form with EMP radiation, therefore it is invisible. And as these processes increase, the black star loses stability, and the upper envelope catastrophically explodes, with the birth of a myriad of stars and the release of EMR of a wide range of frequencies. Currently, this process is fixed as a residual gamma burst. A black star is transformed into a quasar and further into the galactic nucleus with subsequent discrete star formation processes, as the quantum level n increases. This is a model of the formation of one galaxy, but since there are a myriad of galaxies, therefore, the black star was the same number [27]. But their "mass" explosion is the birth of the observable universe or, according to the modern interpretation, a big explosion. But unlike the accepted model, it is not a central explosion that takes place, but an explosion that has many centers. This is observed in the deep surveys of the Hubble telescope.

6.13. Stellar objects with Z> 1 [28] and a gravitational displacement ZG = 1.54, and by {k = 1- (Zg +1) -2} we have the compactness coefficient k = 0.845. And further, from the star series {log k = - 0.16 - (2*n -1) * 0.05603}, with n = 0, k = 0.787. We obtained fairly close quantities and therefore we take the average value of the compactness factor of such stellar objects ^ k = ,829. And these stellar objects are observable and it can be concluded: from more than 300 star objects that have a Z> 1 offset, the only ones that have Zg ~ 1.54 are distinguished and therefore they are galactic nuclei or quasars [2]! More powerful objects with k ~1,

such as Black Hole or Black Star, were not detected and therefore we will consider them hypothetical not observable stellar objects ^ GNZO, which can both absorb Black Hole stars and produce stars and galaxies Black Star! They are antagonists, but there is one common property - the density of their energy is equal to the density of the nucleus of atoms. There is no answer to the question about the reality of the existence of such stellar objects, but the next stage of the Black Star is the quasar n = 0, and it is being observed! And then n = 1, 2, 3 ... the entire discrete (quantum) series of stars of the universe. With n = 47, this is the star of the Sun, and all the planets also have their quantum numbers. And what is interesting is that a single integer quantum number determines all possible parameters of objects in the solar system, which is verifiable [29]! Moreover, the Black Stars stellar object is the result of the prolongation of the properties of the main quantum sequence of stars (4) n = 0. Identified as a quasar with the location of galaxies in the nucleus and has a displacement of the output radiation wave Zg = 1.54, and the detector measured 1 Z <10, depending on the distance [3].

6.14. It can be seen [30] that the mass and radius of the quasar is disproportionately greater than the Sun's star, and the Schwarzschild radius is close to the energy density in the nuclei, but not equal to it because the density of bosonic matter is not equal to the vacuum. But what was the object before, when k ~ 1, it was still "Black Stars", because by its properties it was a stellar object that led to a quasar by means of a gamma of flash, and then formed the core of the galaxy and formed the galaxy. Thus, in the proposed model of transformation of star objects in the Universe in the region of galactic nuclei, stars are born as a quasar, and not a catastrophic disappearance in holes. And direct measurements of the speed of stars indicate their outflow from the center, but with a higher speed. Professor Meypep and his team found evidence of the appearance of old stars on the edge of galaxies: 'Based on existing models, we expected to find a thin population of young stars on the very edge of the galactic disks that we studied, but instead we found a significant population of old stars.'

Radius (kpc)

The fact of an increase in the number of stars is also indicated by an increase in the bosonic form of the matter of the Universe, along the flow of world time! Indeed, the data on distances, photometry and spectral displacement for more than 700 Sn1a allowed us to calculate the flash rebound rate, which led to the conclusion that the absolute magnitude of the magnitude increases with the distance M0 = -19.47 - log (R) [31]. And this fact has the following consequences: firstly, the boundary of the Universe is shifted by an order of magnitude, which allows to solve the problem of the horizon. Actually, the distance that light can travel after the Big Bang creates a "horizon" of the visible universe, which is due to the cosmic microwave background — about 47 billion light years, although light travels only for 13.7 billion years. Pushing the border of the universe, we remove this difference, and with it the problem of the horizon. And if this problem is solved, then a model of an unlimited Universe is possible, that is, EMP from more distant regions of the Universe simply dissolves in equilibrium microwave radiation! Secondly, it was previously established that, with the existing boundary, the population density of stars in the Universe is on average constant, but with a new boundary we come to the conclusion that the number of stars will increase along world time! Obviously, the nuclei of galaxies are the birthplace of new stars, as indicated by the depth surveys of the Hubble telescope. By the way, these same photographs of the edge of the Universe indicate the birth of the Universe in many centers of young galaxies, and not in a single center with a big bang. And the expansion of the Universe is canceled, the more accelerated [34], and the dark energy on which the expansion of the universe is imposed is a fiction!

6.15. Black star. But the birth of the universe took place in a variety of centers, which housed the Black star - a sort of giant monsters, giving birth to a myriad of stars in galaxies. The energy density of galactic nuclei is equal to its density in the nuclei of atoms, and its dimensions are M/Msun = 234797; R / Rsun = 10666; Rsh = 7.42384E + 14; P (g / cm3) = 2.73998E-07. It can be seen that the mass and radius is immeasurably larger than the star of the Sun, and the Schwarzschild radius is equal to the energy density in the nuclei, but here the density of the bosonic matter is almost the vacuum. This clot of pure energy with a core density is Black Star - "dark or hidden" because of the absence of EMR from them. But lately, astronomers have been able to detect these stellar objects.

§7. Spatio-temporal splitting of the spectrum sn1a.

Yes, in the first approximation, the speed of light is constant, but for different frequencies this speed is different by a small amount, but sufficient for fixing! In numbers, this effect is at 10 decimal places of the speed of light! What is not available for direct measurement, but all-wave astronomy makes observations of some stellar objects on various instruments, from X-ray and to microwave telescopes.

The photo for illustration shows the rest of supernovae E0102-72 composed by the overlay of three ranges. When combining such images, interesting images are obtained that can be interpreted in the following way: radiation from the supernovae explosion comes to the observers' telescopes in the following order - radio waves, microwave radiation, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet and X-rays.

. A=3,75 light years

/ "> ' Y »v"

And therefore, there is the effect of the spacetime splitting of the EMR spectrum from supernovae, which is due to the effect of accelerating the speed of light as the photon wavelength increases.

§8 Gravitational lens of a star of the Sun [5].

8.1. Hypothesis: The G2V star field forms a gravitational sphere, with an external radius R0 = ~ 4.77 pc, which has all the properties of amplification and magnification as a non-linear thick lens and therefore, here's the evidence (chart 1, 2): more than 700 stars are located in the vicinity of the Sun whose spectrum shift is purple. And if according to the Hubble law, we have as a result the movement of this array of stars in the direction of the Sun with an ever-increasing speed at a = 7.8

* 10E + 6 km / s / mpc on the outer border of our star ~ 4.77 pc!

In the same area a.e. Acceleration acquires the value of the Hubble constant, but with the opposite sign. But during the life of our star, they should be already here, but they are not there, and therefore we conclude that this movement is virtual!

Further, at parsec distances, the gravitational field of the Sun is weak, therefore, in the approximation of the weak field, the laws of hyper mechanics imply the laws of Newton's theory of theory, classical mechanics, and, consequently, optics.

And the distance from the gravitational edge of the star light overcomes for 3.25 Julian year and therefore, despite the weak field value, its long-term effect on photons from distant star objects have a noticeable effect on the trajectory. The effect of lensing confirms the real assertions, but this effect is the result of the total effect of the "input-output" field. But we are interested in the lensing of light rays from stellar objects inside our stars!

The reason is obvious - in the field of the sun, the energy of the photons of electromagnetic radiation increases in the direction of its center and therefore we have the resultant violet shift of the spectrum! Another important conclusion of Fig. 2: For some stars, the EMR energy remains unchanged, that is, the displacement close to zero is from 5 to 13 parsecs. And if we allow the succession of the effects of the fields of the emitter and detector stars on the EMP packet, half the distance is their borders (assuming the masses are equal), that is, the outer boundary of the Sun's field (sphere) has a fantastic value: Rsun ~ 6 pc! A large interval of the boundary region due to the difference of the masses of the stars.

The principal device of the spherical gravitational lens of our Sun star is shown in FIG. below. The change of the parameters and the EMP trajectory from the star at the boundary has a jump ^ a >>> ap, where a = -7.8 * 10E + 6 km / s / mpc in the region of ~ 6 pc, and in the region a.e. the planets are reduced to ap = -8.2 * 10-8cm / s2. It is obvious that at this boundary the refractive index of light is 4 1 and therefore, the Ro sphere and the field of the Sun's star have real properties of a fantastic increasing non-linear thick optical lens!

8.2. So, the definitions of the dynamic properties of electromagnetic radiation in the gravitational field of a sun star will allow to answer the main question - what do astronomers observe with telescopes? And not only astronomers, because a man from ancient times has been looking up and watching the night sky - so what does he see? First of all, if there is no eyes without optics, then it sees nothing because there is full focusing. Further, the increasing properties of a gravitational lens bring closer the star worlds, which are many, many further away from us. We cannot exclude the fantastic option that the stars are atoms, and galaxies are vacuum molecules. It all depends on the gain of the gravitational field of the Sun, possibly the only star in the Universe.

9. The lifetime timer is defined by the identity Zt = Zc [1].

9. The lifetime timer is defined by the identity Zt = Zc [1].

From the experiments, there is an intergalactic slowing down of the speed of light Zc = (co/c-1) > 0 which, in turn, is associated with an increase in the time interval At in the time timer Zt = (n/nmax)2 = At/t, where the number of pulsations is n = (eo -e)/^= (vo - v)/H , and nmax = vo/H. And therefore, we postulate the timer of the lifetime - parabola: Zt = (1-v/vo)2 = (n/nmax)2 which is always positive, with the frequency v ^ 0 or n ^ nmax, and its value is in the interval 0<Zt <1. The proposed law is universal for both EMR photons (frequency ^ pulsation), stellar objects and planets (alpha frequency ^ pulsation), and also living objects (pulse frequency ^ pulsation). In any case, nmax is a key parameter, which determines the lethal outcome when observing an object. For "homo sapience" the approximate number of pulsations is nmax ~ 3,416,400,000 per 100 light years that you need to live in the absence of "force majeure!" Let us assume that you are 80 years old, which is equivalent to the cost of your resource 2,733,120,000 heartbeats.

And this is equivalent to reading your parabola — the time-to-live timer Zt = (n/nmax )2 =At/ t = 0.64 or t = to * 2.7777777777, that is - the feeling of the pace of your life is so many times less than in your youth. The questions remain open, where is the time-of-life timer located and how important is it to find, in which experiments?

References

1. Ibragimov Rafael, The nature of gravity and the radiation of gravity, Austria_journal_2_part_13

2. Ibragimov Rafael, FIELD THEORY OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES WITH VACUUM ELEMENTS, Sciences of Europe, vol 1, No 38 (2019).

3. Raf Ibragimovic, GREAT ASSOCIATION PHYSICAL THEORIES. http://docme.ru/5fRh

4. Ibragimov Rafael, Element of cosmology XXI century. http://docme.ru /WZU8

5. Ibragimov Rafael, Element of cosmology 2. http://docme.ru/38v9

6. Рафаэль Ваоммаа, Теория Тронов 3. http://docme.ru/SUF5

СВЯЗЬ ФИЗИКИ И КИБЕРНЕТИКИ. ФИЛОСОФСКИЕ ЗАКОНЫ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ

ЖИВЫХ СУЩЕСТВ

Рысин А.В., Рысин О.В.

АНО «НТИЦ «Техком» г.Москва, радиоинженеры

Бойкачев В.Н. АНО «НТИЦ «Техком» г.Москва, директор кандидат технических наук Никифоров И.К. кандидат технических наук, доцент Чувашский государственный университет, г. Чебоксары,

THE RELATIONSHIP OF PHYSICS AND CYBERNETICS. PHILOSOPHICAL LAWS OF THE

ORIGIN OF LIVING THINGS

Rysin A., Rysin O.

Radio engineers ANO "STRC" Technical Committee "Moscow,

Boykachev V. Director, candidate of technical sciences ANO "STRC" Technical Committee "Moscow,

Nikiforov I.

Candidate of technical sciences, associate professor Chuvash State University, Cheboksary,

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье показано, какие парадоксы были допущены в физике при вычислении энтропии, и каким образом физическая величина - скорость количественных изменений - связана с энтропией и информацией. Сформулированы философские законы возникновения живых существ на основе процесса взаимодействия противоположностей и физики явлений.

ABSTRACT

This article shows what paradoxes were allowed in physics in the calculation of entropy, and how the physical quantity - the rate of quantitative changes - is related to entropy and information. Philosophical laws of emergence of living beings on the basis of process of interaction of opposites and physics of the phenomena are formulated.

Ключевые слова: информация, энтропия, формула Шеннона, формула Хартли, уравнение Мещерского, постоянная Больцмана, количественные изменения, дифракция электронов.

Keywords: information, entropy, Shannon formula, Hartley formula, Meshchersky equation, Boltzmann constant, quantitative changes, electron diffraction.