CC BY
17
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
ECONOMIC SCIENCES
УДК 33.338
Amrenova G.K., NabiyevaM.T., ZhunusovaA.Zh. STATE REGULATION OF INNOVATION ACTIVITIES
Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov
The need to develop innovation as a key factor for sustainable long-term economic growth is one of the priorities of the economic policy of Kazakhstan. A large-scale renewal of industry is to be held, to coordinate the efforts of business, scientific and educational organizations, as well as to find advanced solutions that can ensure national security, a high quality of life for people and the development of new industries.
Keyword: Innovation activity, risks, entrepreneurial activity, risk-taking endeavors, state regulation, business entities
Innovation activity is one of the promising areas of the economy and types of entrepreneurial activity, since it is associated with high technologies that can provide a significant economic effect. At the same time, innovation activity is one of the most risky types of entrepreneurial activity and is based on risky undertakings. This circumstance predetermines the role of state regulation in this area, the main goal of which should be to interest business entities to engage in innovation activities, as well as, if possible, reduce the risk factor.
It should be noted that the state regulation of innovation activity is interconnected with the investment policy of the state, which funds fundamental scientific research and high-risk innovative projects.
The goal of state regulation of innovation activity is the creation of certain conditions that ensure the normal functioning of the economy as a whole and the stable participation of entrepreneurs in the international division of labor and the receipt of optimal benefits from this.
The role of the state in supporting innovation in these areas can be reduced to the following aspects:
- The state promotes the development of science, including applied science, and the training of scientific and engineering personnel (the main source of innovative ideas);
- within most government departments there are a variety of programs aimed at increasing the innovative activity of the business;
- government orders, mainly in the form of contracts for R & D, provide initial demand for many innovations, which then find wide application in the
country's economy;
- fiscal and other elements of state regulation form the stimulating effect of the external environment (which determines the effectiveness and the need for innovative solutions of individual firms);
- The state acts as a mediator in the organization of effective interaction between academic and applied science, stimulates cooperation in the field of R & D of industrial corporations and universities.
The economic factors of state regulation that contribute to the creation, development and dissemination of innovations include:
1. development of market relations;
2. implementation of tax and pricing policies that promote the growth of supply in the innovation market;
3. the creation of favorable tax conditions for the conduct of innovation activities by all entities;
4. ensuring effective employment in the innovation sphere;
5. expanding demand for innovation;
6. provision of financial support and tax incentives to Russian enterprises developing and disseminating innovations;
7. promoting the modernization of technology;
8. development of high-tech leasing;
9. activation of entrepreneurship;
10. suppression of unfair competition;
11. Support domestic innovation products in the international market;
12. development of the export potential of the country;
13. development of foreign economic relations in the innovation sphere;
14. foreign economic support, including the provision of customs benefits for innovative projects included in state innovation programs.
The role of the state in supporting innovation can be reduced to the following aspects:
- The state promotes the development of science, including applied science, and the training of scientific and engineering personnel (the main source of innovative ideas);
- within most government departments there are a variety of programs aimed at increasing the innovative activity of business;
- government orders, mainly in the form of contracts for R & D, provide initial demand for many innovations, which then find wide application in the country's economy;
- fiscal and other elements of state regulation form the stimulating effect of the external environment (which determines the effectiveness and the need for innovative solutions of individual firms);
- The state acts as a mediator in the organization of effective interaction between academic and applied science, stimulates cooperation in the field of R & D of industrial corporations and universities.
Methods of state influence in the field of innovation can be divided into direct and indirect. Their correlation is determined by the economic situation in the country and the concept of state regulation chosen in connection with this - the market or centralized influence.
Over the past two centuries, the leading component in the development of global economic growth has been the improvement of scientific and technological progress. According to the results of research by scientists in the field of innovative technologies, it was found that in developed countries from 75 to 100% of the increase in industrial production is provided by new or improved technologies, in other words - innovation. All existing institutions, starting with political and ending with social ones, are currently undergoing a radical transformation caused by the explosive spread of the latest technologies, which are developing at an incredible speed. In the world, there is competition for the image of the future.
Technological progress not only generates innovation, but also is capable of completely changing the life of civilization. Technological changes in areas such as information and communication technologies (ICT), biotechnology, energy, completely changed the traditional way of life, are imposed on each other, causing a kind of resonance, and mutually reinforce. Such interpolation leads to deep, fundamental modifications not only in the economy and the structure of society, but also in the current picture of the world political order. The world is developing competition
between countries that are ready to provide favorable conditions for the development of innovation, the formation of an innovation infrastructure, the training of qualified specialists for applied and scientific research, and countries that remain aloof from this process are in the role of observers who can borrow their experience. .
For 13 years now Kazakhstan has been a clear example of the implementation of innovation policy. With the adoption of the Industrial Innovative Development Strategy for 2003-2015, implementation of a policy aimed at creating conditions for the formation and improvement of the innovation potential began, with further transformation into an innovative development path through diversification of economic sectors and deviation from raw materials.
According to the Message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan - the Leader of the Nation NursultanNazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan on January 17, 2014, one of Kazakhstan's priorities is to create a knowledge-based economy - first of all, to increase the potential of Kazakhstani science.
To accomplish the task set by the head of state, Kazakhstan currently has a significant scientific and technical potential. Much attention is paid to activities that represent the dynamic implementation of scientific and technical developments. A number of regulations and targeted programs aimed at stimulating innovation processes have been approved. Thus, in 2000, the "Concept of Scientific and Scientific-Technical Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Strategic Plan for the Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2010" was adopted, in 2001 the "Program for the Innovative Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan" was adopted, which is designed for implementation over the period 2001-2015 years, the Strategy of industrial-innovative development of the country until 2015, as well as the Concept of innovative development of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2020.
If we correlate the development trends of science and technology policy in the developed countries of the world and in the Republic of Kazakhstan, then we can identify some fundamental differences. While developed countries are characterized by an increase in funding for basic and applied research, the stimulation of spending on science in the private sector, and the constant stepping up of activities on the use of scientific and technological potential to solve economic and social problems, the reverse trend is still prevalent for Kazakhstan. In Kazakhstan, so far, there is a lack of a state incentive system for the expenditures of business entities on science and innovation, which is explained by the underestimation of the importance of creating and mastering domestic technologies.
For the growth and development of
innovations in the country, it is necessary to have a favorable environment for scientists, entrepreneurs and innovators. The concept of innovative development of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2020 pays great attention to the topic of providing a favorable environment for the development of innovations. Unconditional guarantees of protection of property rights and ensuring a favorable investment climate are the foundation of building an effective innovation
system. Only by ensuring these basic conditions is it possible to create an environment in which continuous innovation becomes an integral element of civilized competition between companies, when innovatively active enterprises get long-term advantages in the market and, therefore, their owners are interested in effective innovation, in which innovative entrepreneurship is respected side of society, and the state has the potential to provide the conditions for their maintenance.
Literature
1. Babashkina A. M. State regulation of the national economy: Textbook. M .: Finance and Statistics, 2006
2. Poltava PA State regulation of innovation activity // Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University. 2010. Number 27 (208). Economy.Issue 29.
3. Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University. 2010. No 27 (208). Economy.Issue 29. P. 52-56. P.A. Poltavsky
Амренова Г.К., НабиеваМ.Т., Жунусова А.Ж. ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Евразийский Национальный университет им. Л.Н. Гумилева
Необходимость развития инноваций как ключевых факторов устойчивого долгосрочного экономического роста является одним из приоритетов экономической политики Казахстана. Предстоит масштабное обновление промышленности, координация усилий бизнеса, научных и образовательных организаций, а также поиск передовых решений, способных обеспечить национальную безопасность, высокое качество жизни людей и развитие новых производств.
DOI: 10.31882/2311-4711.2018.24.24
