CC BY
76
UDK 332.146.2
Siberian Journal of Science and Technology. 2017, Vol. 18, No. 2, P. 442-451
METHODS AND FORMS OF STATE SUPPORT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES IN THE REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KRASNOYARSK REGION)
N. T. Avramchikova*, D. O. Volkov, L. N. Zakharova
Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology 31, Krasnoyarsky Rabochy Av., Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russian Federation *E-mail: [email protected]
The article is devoted to the problem of state support for innovative activities in the region. The authors considered the direct and indirect methods of the state support for the innovative activities at the regional level and their implementation. The article identifies the background of the state innovation policy and the direction of their manifestations - social and financial. The authors conduct the assessment of innovative development of Krasnoyarsk region, the main causes of low innovative activities and underdevelopment of the innovation sector in Krasnoyarsk region and define measures of state support to enterprises and organizations of the regional state administration. The article represents the analysis of the structure of budget expenditures of Krasnoyarsk region, aimed at the state support of the innovative activity in 2016.
The work emphasizes on the project implementation of children's Technopark, implemented in the framework of the Federal target program of education development for 2016-2020 and focused on priority directions of technological development of Krasnoyarsk region, taking into account the implementation in the region of the National Technology Initiative (NTI). The authors noted that to solve the problem of qualified personnel training in Krasnoyarsk region Flagship University was created, which is the basis for technology entrepreneurs aimed at creating shots for advanced technologies. At the conclusion of the study, the authors draw attention to the deterrent factors of innovative development of enterprises in Krasnoyarsk region and concluded that to ensure the competitiveness and efficiency of the regional economy it is necessary to develop the mechanism of interaction of state regulation of innovation activities at both the regional and Federal levels.
Keywords: innovation activity by of region (лучше regional innovation activity), state support, forms and methods of state support, expenses of the regional budget for state support of innovation activities.
Сибирский журнал науки и технологий. 2017. Т. 18, № 2. С. 442-451
МЕТОДЫ И ФОРМЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В РЕГИОНЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КРАСНОЯРСКОГО КРАЯ)
Н. Т. Аврамчикова*, Д. О. Волков, Л. Н. Захарова
Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева Российская Федерация, 660037, г. Красноярск, просп. им. газ. «Красноярский рабочий», 31
*E-mail: [email protected]
Представлена актуальная проблема - государственная поддержка инновационной деятельности в регионе. Рассмотрены прямые и косвенные методы государственной поддержки инновационной деятельности на региональном уровне и формы их реализации. Определены предпосылки формирования государственной инновационной политики и направления их проявления - общественные и финансовые. Сделана оценка уровня инновационного развития Красноярского края, выделены основные причины низкой инновационной активности и слаборазвито-сти инновационной сферы в Красноярском крае и определены меры государственной поддержки, оказываемые предприятиям и организациям краевыми органами государственного управления. Проведен анализ структуры расходов бюджета Красноярского края, направленных на государственную поддержку инновационной деятельности в крае в 2016 году. Подчеркнута необходимость реализации проекта детского технопарка, реализуемого в рамках Федеральной целевой программы развития образования на 2016-2020 годы и ориентированного на приоритетные направления технологического развития Красноярского края с учетом реализации в регионе Национальной технологической инициативы. Отмечено, что для решения проблемы подготовки высококвалифицированных кадров в Красноярском крае создан опорный университет, который является базой для развития технологического предпринимательства, ориентированной на создание кадров для передовых технологий. В заключение исследования указаны сдерживающие факторы инновационного развития предприятий в Красноярском крае и сделан вывод о том, что для обеспечения конкурентоспособности и повышения
эффективности экономики региона необходимо выработать механизм взаимодействия государственного регулирования инновационной деятельности как на региональном, так и на федеральном уровнях.
Ключевые слова: инновационная деятельность региона, государственная поддержка, формы и методы государственной поддержки, расходы бюджета края на государственную поддержку инновационной деятельности региона.
Introduction. Turning innovation into the dominant factor of world economic development takes place in a wide range of national economic systems and has reflected in the formation of the specific country's innovative mechanisms. Differences in national innovation systems involve different roles the state regulation of innovative processes [1].
A characteristic feature of the Russian economy is a significant gap between the sectors in the technological development and its potential in terms of innovation, which leads to the necessity for the state to support innovative activity, including the regional level. It is possible to identify a few numbers of features that make up the specifications of state support models and state regulation of innovation:
- a combination of direct and indirect methods;
- inclusion of innovation programs in the General economic strategy or development of special projects;
- the formation of specialized state structures;
- the degree of independence of economic entities in questions of innovative development;
- the degree of departmental "concentrations" of solutions for the development and implementation of the state innovation policy and others.
High level of development of innovative activity of the region determines the level of its socio-economic development which is the main factor of competitiveness that demonstrates effective using of human potential, which is the basis for the development of the "new economy".
Now the priority direction which economic develop of regions of Russia is to increase the efficiency of innovation sphere [2]. Krasnoyarsk Territory, as the party of the Russian Federation is positioned as a resource area, which is considered to be a fast payback of an investment in the diversified economy of the region that enables the development of innovative technologies in many sectors.
Theoretical approaches to definition of the methods and forms of state support at the regional level. Under the state support of innovative activity as an economic category means the the coordination of economic processes as a set of measures emanating from the state institutes and determined at the formation and development of innovation activities [1; 2].
In the broader sense, government support can be understood as a specific form of state activity to maintain a proper level of development of a business entity, developing a certain social institution. Innovation depends on the knowledge, skills and creativity of the working people. The government plays an important role in creating better conditions for innovation, and developing a significant range of public goods that are necessary for a dynamic and innovative knowledge-based economy, including a strong science, engineering and technology base, incen-
tives for knowledge transfer and high educational standards.
The role of the state in innovation is manifested in its functions, aiming at the regulation of all processes which taken a place in the innovation sphere [3]. You should distinguish between "methods" and "forms" of government support, as the first is characterized by a set of measures and actions, and the second is their process. Research conducted in the sphere of state regulation of innovative activities at the regional level have helped to clarify and complement concepts of form and method of state support of innovative development of the region.
The method of state support for innovative activity is a set of methods, operations and actions focused at creating favorable conditions for innovative development of priority industries in the regional economy. Distinguished methods of direct and indirect state support. Methods of direct state support are:
- financing and co-financing Research and development working and innovation projects from the budget;
- protection of the rights of the subjects of innovative activity;
- creation of unified standards of evaluation of innovative projects at the Federal level;
- creation and development of innovative infrastructure;
- development of insurance facilities in the innovation sphere (IS);
- formation of the innovative market;
- creation and development of innovative-technological centers (ITC);
- creation and development of innovative-industrial complexes (IIC);
- elaboration of instruments for moral support;
- preparation of the innovative staff.
Currently in seven economic regions of Russia there are 11 main educational institutions for the training of relevant professionals. They have a modern scientific-methodical support of educational process and is necessary for training highly qualified specialists, material and technical base.
The value of indirect methods of state support for innovation is determined by the lower budget than direct financing, they can cover a much greater range of innovation agents. Methods of indirect state support are:
- preferential taxation of subjects of innovative activities;
- concessional lending;
- state support of financial leasing;
- state support of franchising;
- support of small and medium innovative entrepre-neurship;
- state insurance risk (venture) business.
- increasing the investment attractiveness for private investors.
A form of state support for innovative activity is the system means the organizing of method and its implementation by which the state ensures the development of priority industries in the regional economy.
In the nearest the main task will be the transition from a mobilization to an innovative type of society, i. e. a society with attitudes to change, development, improvement and empowerment of human influence on social and economic processes. In the future for Russia seems inevitable combination of active (generating) the type of innovative development based on the production and sales in the world markets its own innovative developments, and simulation based on the development and adaptation of foreign innovations, their progressive integration into the own innovation system [4].
Innovation policy is the development of strategy of innovating, the selecting of directions, forming of state support targeted at all stages of the innovation process, linking the various areas of public policy. Background the active state innovative policy are manifested in two areas - public and financial background.
Public premises are the combination of interests of state and business. Enterprises have a desire to have a stable extraction of super-profits due to the monopoly possession of scientific and technological achievements. Government intervention to prevent the desire of economic entities to be in conflict with the interests of society and state intervention in the sphere of innovation avoids the use of R&d undertaken by enterprises of different ownership forms. There is a need for the state scale, balanced innovation policy in all sectors of the economy. Narrow interference promotes the "shift" in the formation of the sectoral structure of the economy.
The financial conditions include the financing of the non-commercial sector. A research activity may not generate income and carried out on a commercial basis. Is the implementation of innovations in non-commercial sector of the economy: basic research, innovative update of the state management, defence and law enforcement and environmental projects. Neither the population nor businesses are unable to fully take the update of this sector, because private businesses are not able to accumulate sufficient funds to implement large-scale innovation.
The reason is that the innovation process is becoming increasingly capital-intensive and R & dis becoming costlier. To entrust the business with full responsibility for the development of innovations that determine competitiveness, efficiency and security of the entire national economy and the country as a whole, it would be reckless and dangerous. Furthermore, innovative activities involve different types of risks. Therefore, entrepreneurs require significant external incentives to encourage the implementation of innovative project that is offered by the state through various methods of support [5].
The increasing cost of innovative products and services makes them inaccessible to the mass consumer. The absence of external support, effective demand for innovative products can slow and even stop the growth of innovation. The important role played by protectionist policies, and established transfer mechanism of scientific and technical developments created in the public sector, including the military-industrial complex, the private sec-
tor. International scientific and technical cooperation, effective and mutually beneficial, is possible only with the help of the state. Mandatory state support of small innovative companies with limited access to credit.
The rating of innovative development of economy of Krasnoyarsk Territory. According to the results of annual evaluations carried out by the experts of the leading Russian organizations that use an integrated approach to the assessment of innovative development of regions of the Russian Federation (the Association of innovative regions of Russia, national research University "Higher school of Economics" (NRU "HSE"), etc.), Krasnoyarsk Territory over the past two years significantly strengthened its position in the rankings. The rating of innovative development of economy of regions of the Russian Federation, carried out by the experts and the analysts HSE is based on indicators that characterize the socio-economic conditions of innovative activity in the region, scientific-technical potential of the region and the level of innovation activity of enterprises. The formation of the ratings is taken into account the quality of regional innovation policy. According to the rating of constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the value of the Russian regional innovation index (RII) Krasnoyarsk territory in 2013 was in the second group and took the 12th place among 83 regions, rising in the ranking in comparison with 2012 by 4 lines [6]. Improving the position of the region has been driven mainly by the increase of innovative activity of organizations and the increasing cost of technological innovation (24 979.5 million rubles in 2012 to 84 718.5 million rubles in 2014) and by increasing the quality of innovation policy. However, there was a significant weakening of the indicators of financial and human resources in science as compared to 2012, and relative to the average in the Russian Federation in 2013.
In 2014, Krasnoyarsk region has retained a strong position, and entrenched in 12th place in the rating of innovative development, showing equal development of all four thematic blocks RII and describing different aspects of complex innovation processes. Key factors in the development of the region in 2014 was the involvement of enterprises in innovative processes and scale of investment in technological innovation (about 72 % of investments attracted to the development of innovation, aimed at creating innovative technological processes).
Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2014 has significantly improved the level of development of scientific-technical potential. Positive dynamics is caused by growth of indicators as the capability of research and development, and their effectiveness (coefficient of publication activity, the number of advanced manufacturing technologies developed in the region, per million people economically active population of the region). However, the values of indicators that characterize the innovative activity and the effectiveness of innovative activity of the organizations has decreased in comparison with 2013, while remaining above the national average.
It should also be noted that in recent years, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory cost the regional budget on science and innovation increasing steadily, however the specific
weight of budget funds in total expenditure on technological innovation (in organizations of industrial production) are negligible (less than 0.1 %). In addition, the scheme of territorial planning of Krasnoyarsk Territory, the zones (areas) priority development of innovative activities does not envisage.
According to the rating of innovative regions, developed by the Association of innovative regions of Russia (AIRR) collaboratively with the Ministry of economic development of the Russian Federation with the participation of representatives of regional authorities and leading experts of the country in 2015, Krasnoyarsk region occupied the 19th position among other regions of Russia which belongs to the group of "strong medium innovators".
In 2016, the region climbed 11th position in the ranking and for the first time, the group moved to the "strong innovators" (8th place) [7]. Mainly to the significant strengthening of the position of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2016 was due to the increase in the specific weight of small enterprises engaged in technological innovation and the proportion of expenditure on technological innovations in total volume of shipped goods and performed works.
In addition, the region is among leaders according to the criteria of participation and winnings in competitions held by Federal Executive authorities and development institutions, conducting public innovative activities, the number of applications filed to international patent cooperation treaty.
The index of innovation development of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2016 exceeded 140 % of the national average level. All these factors indicate increased efficiency of regional policy and creating a favorable investment climate in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Analysis of methods and forms of state support of innovation activity in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Against the background of positive dynamics in the development of innovative and competitive advantages noted by experts, the region now has a number of weaknesses, constraints on the development of innovative activity in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The main reasons for low innovative activity and underdeveloped sector of innovation in the Krasnoyarsk region [8]:
- lack of demand for innovations and innovative products within the framework of implementation of state programs and investment projects, as well as in the framework of the implementation of the state order;
- lack of interest of large enterprises and entrepreneurs invest in innovation low innovative activity due to the resulting barriers to distribution in the economy of new technologies, industry regulation, certification procedures, customs and tax administration;
- lack of trained personnel for hi-tech sectors of the regional economy, reduction of employment in research and development, low level of involvement of youth in scientific-technical activities, the decline in the prestige of working professions;
- lack of incentives for development innovative activity, of the lack of sufficient level of competition, the desire of the business community to go for quick profits, the low level of interaction of business and government in the formation and implementation of innovation policy;
- reorientation of the regional economy on commodity markets, the very low level of receptivity of companies to new technological solutions, the dominance of backward technological structures in most industrial and agricultural enterprises, focusing on the search for technical solutions, not to create them, which causes technological dependence;
- an acute shortage of private investment in research and development (R & d), lack of involvement in the innovative development of the region, both large and small and medium-sized businesses, the lack of instruments of integration of R & d in the economic activity of enterprises, regional investment projects and programs;
- insufficient level of cooperation of scientific and educational complex and innovative system of the region.
These weak points significantly impede the development of the region and hinder the transition of economy to new technological methods.
The solution to this problem depends on the realization of the regional authorities, of effective policies, including the development of instruments of state support of innovation activities. Law of the Krasnoyarsk Territory of 01.12.2011 № 13-6629 "About scientific, scientific-technical and innovative activities in the Krasnoyarsk Territory" established the following basic forms of state support to innovative activities [9]:
- provision of privileges on payment of taxes;
- the provision of educational services;
- providing informational support;
- providing consulting support, assistance in developing project documentation;
- the formation of demand for innovative products;
- financial support (including subsidies, grants, credits, loans, guarantees, capital contributions);
- export support.
Basic measures of state support of subjects of scientific, scientific-technical and innovation activity provided by the regional legislation presented in tabl. 1.
State support of innovative activity in the region is carried out within the budgetary appropriations provided in the regional budget for the implementation of the long-term target programs (implementation of the long-term target programmes were implemented until 2014) and state programs of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (implemented from 2014 to the present).
Dynamics of public expenditures aimed at supporting and developing innovative activities in the total expenditures of the regional budget in 2013-2017 are presented in tabl. 2.
The conducted research shows the reduction in funds allocated from the regional budget to the innovative activity support in the region in 2016 in comparison to the forecasted value of 2017. Fig. 1 presents the costs of the regional budget on support and development of innovation dynamics.
Table 1
The main measures of state support for innovation activities in the Krasnoyarsk Region
The name of the subject - recipient of state support Rendered measures of state support
Subjects of scientific, scientific-technical and innovative activities, in addition to associations: providing for the establishment and operation of technoparks, industrial (industrial) parks, engineering centers, business incubators, venture funds and seed funds a) placement of orders for scientific-technical products, the results of innovative activities by the order of the legislation; b) the provision of business incubators, technoparks, industrial (industrial) parks, engineering centres in the use or lease of the premises in the prescribed manner; c) the provision of business incubators, technoparks, industrial (industrial) parks, engineering centers, entities of scientific-technical and innovation activities of information, consulting and methodological services in the manner prescribed by applicable law; d) subsidies from the regional budget: - for reimbursement of expenses related to the implementation of innovative projects, including to commercialization of scientific and technical developments, the acquisition (creation) of production equipment and (or) objects of real estate for production purposes; - reimbursement of expenses on vocational training and additional professional education in the field of innovation
Organization: providing for the establishment and operation of technoparks, industrial parks, engineering centers and business incubators a) subsidies at the expense of the regional budget for reimbursement of expenses associated with the provision of Advisory, information, accounting, legal and other services and services for lease on favorable terms areas of scientific, scientific-technical and innovative activity, implementing innovative projects; b) budget investment in the creation, development and maintenance of activity of objects of innovative infrastructure
Venture capital funds and funds of seed investments Subsidies for the formation of property contributions for the purchase of shares of closed-end mutual funds
Table 2
Dynamics of expenses of the regional budget on support and development of innovative activities in 2012-2017
The expenses of the regional budget 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 forecast
The total budget expenditures, bln 145.5 173.8 176.1 184.9 212.1 204.8
The volume of budget expenditures on the support and development of innovative activities, mln rub 374.3 421.4 583.1 505.4 412.0 302.1
The share of budget expenditures to support the development and innovation activities in the total budget expenditures, % 0.26 0.24 0.33 0.27 0.20 0.15
600
500
ш 400
DC
S 300 E
200 100
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
forecast
year
Fig. 1. The expenses of the regional budget on development of innovative activity in 2012-2016, mln rub
Reduction of expenses of the regional budget to support innovative activities in 2016-2017, was done primarily due to the completion of construction of the first starting complex of the Industrial Park in CATE Zheleznogorsk. To the project on construction of Industrial Park in 2012 was allotted 84.9 million rubles from the regional budget, in 2013 116.2 million rubles, in 2014 and 2015 - 319.3 and 230.4 million rubles. In 2016 the Government of Krasnoyarsk region allocated funded 49.4 million rubles for the development of Industrial Park [10]. The main purpose of the implementation of the activities of the Industrial Park was to develop an advanced infrastructure to meet the needs of small and medium enterprises in the industrial, administrative and laboratory space, as well as the services necessary for the development and implementation of new technologies and products.
In addition, the budget expenditure in 2016 compared with the previous period decreased due to the fact that from 2013 to 2015 was funded the total amount of 127.7 million rubles (in 2013 - 77.0 million rubles; in 2014 - 24.1 million rubles; in 2015 - 26.6 million rubles) to the regional budget for the creation of regional engineering centres for small and medium-sized businesses.
At the expense of the regional budget and attracted co-financing from the Federal budget, with the support of the Ministry of economic development of the Russian Federation in the Krasnoyarsk region in 2014-2015 on the basis of regional state Autonomous institution "Krasnoyarsk regional innovative-technological business-incubator" ("KRITBI") was established with 3 regional engineering
centres (REC) - "Polymeric composite materials and technologies", "Mining and metallurgical technologies", "Biotechnology and deep processing of vegetative raw materials". The main purpose of RCI is to assist small and medium-sized enterprises, research centres in realizing their technological and analytical developments - from the initial stage to the finished product by providing consulting, engineering services, and design services. In addition, the activities of RTSI is aimed at increasing the technology readiness level for small and medium enterprises through the development (design) of technological and technical processes and to ensure the solution of designing, engineering, and technological and organizational innovation tasks of technology companies at different stages of development. In 2016 on the development of the RTSI from the regional budget has been 8.9 million rubles.
The main funds from the regional budget is allotted annually to support activities of regional state Autonomous institution "Krasnoyarsk regional innovative-technological business-incubator" ("KRITBI") and "Krasnoyarsk regional Fund of support of scientific and scientific-technical activity" ("Regional Fund of science"), providing state support to subjects of innovative activities. Tabl. 3 presents the costs of the regional budget for the support activities of "KRITBI" and "Regional Fund of science" in 2012-2016.
Fig. 2 presents the dynamics costs of the regional budget for the support activities of "KRITBI" and "Regional Fund of science" in 2012-2016.
Table 3
Expenditures of the budget of Krasnoyarsk region to support activities of "KRITBI" and "Regional Fund of science" in 2012-2016 (million rubles)
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
"Krasnoyarsk regional innovative-technological business-incubator" 149.5 150.7 148.1 144.9 135.6
"Krasnoyarsk regional Fund of support of scientific and scientific-technical activity" 132.7 69.2 69.7 70.0 110.0
300 250 200 150 100 50 0
132,7
149,5
ÏÏSÏ ЩÜ
ШШ
2012
69,2
150,7
m
= i!3 L, ,:!.:.■
2013
69,7
148,1
JÏSÏ SH
2014
70
144,9
m
ЦЩ
L, ,:!.:.■
2015
110
135,6
2016
□ "Krasnoyarsk regional Fund of support of scientific and scientific-technical activity"
□ "Krasnoyarsk regional innovative-technological business-incubator"
Fig. 2. The expenses of the Expenditures of the budget of Krasnoyarsk region to support activities of "KRITBI" and "Regional Fund of science" in 2012-2016 (million rubles)
"KRITBI" operates in order to create a favorable business environment for development of small and medium technology entrepreneurship target at the scientific, scientific-technical and innovative potential in solving problems of socio-economic development of the region. For its residents "KRITBI" provides: "smart office" (areas, office equipment, training rooms, meeting rooms), provides services prototyping services in support of projects, accounting and legal services, organizational and PR support. Residents of "KRITBI" in 2017 are about 60 high-tech companies [11].
Since 2012, "KRITBI" is the official representative of Fund of assistance in the development of small forms of enterprises in scientific-technical sphere (Fund of assistance to innovation). During this time, the support of the Fund for the promotion of innovation received 207 people in the contest "Clevef', 47 companies in the competition "Start" of 6 companies under the program "Development. Export" and 20 companies in the competition "Commercialization". In 2015-2016, budget was more than 300 million. In addition, thanks to the Fund support, the residents ' projects were involved 688.5 million rubles of private investment.
"Krasnoyarsk regional Fund of support of scientific and scientific-technical activities" provides state support on a competitive basis, popular scientific and scientific-technical development aimed at socio-economic development of Krasnoyarsk region.
In 2016, were held 11 competitions targets at supporting applied research, to promote science and attract young people to scientific and technological research to the stage of implementation. Total funding volumes for the tenders amounted to 184.9 million rubles, including - 95.1 mil-
lion rubles from means of the regional budget. In the framework of the competitions held in 2016 (jointly with the Russian Foundation for basic Research and Russian Humanitarian Scientific Fund, where the amount of co-financing Funds is 70 million rubles), in the region 1032 submitted bids totaling 739.01 million rub; attracted co-financing from the applicant organizations, customers of scientific and technological products and Federal development institutions in supported projects and activities with amount of 91.327 million rub; supported 311 projects and activities from the 39 applicant organizations (subjects of scientific, scientific-technical and innovative activities).
Analysis of the structure of expenditures of the regional budget for state to support of innovation activities. Analysis of the structure of expenditures of the regional budget directed on the state support of innovative activity in 2016 is presented in the fig. 3.
The results show that a significant portion of the regional budget of 12.25 % (50 million) targeted in 2016 for reimbursement of expenses related to the creation and support of the Krasnoyarsk nanotechnology center, established by the Government of the Krasnoyarsk Territory together with the Fund for infrastructure and educational programs JSC "RUSNANO" in 2016 [12]. The main tasks of Krasnoyarsk nanotechnology center are to support basic research, provide access to the specialized equipment for applied research, training for high-tech industries, the organization of nanotechnological products and the development of infrastructure of nanoindustry. In the framework of project activities of the nanocenter cooperates with leading research institutions, educational organizations and enterprises of the region [13].
the development of the creation and the creation and
the development of the development
cluster of innovative nanotechnology of innovative i technologies 1.73 % cente^12.25 % the creation of centers
of cluster development 0.17 %
the creation of youth innovation creativity centres 0.71 %
the creation the establishment of
of innovative^ .07%
support activities of "Regional science Fund" 26.96 %
the development of the industrial Park of the CATF Zheleznogorsk 12.13%
he creation and development of regional engineering centres 2.18 %
the creation and development of the center of certification, standardization test 1.05 %
al the children's Park "Kvantorium" 8.04 %
support activities of «Kritbi» 33.24 %
the development of
business incubation 0.49 % the creation and development of the center of prototyping 0.44 %
Fig. 3. The structure of expenditures of the regional budget directed on the state support of innovative activity in 2016
The amount of 49.4 million rubles (12.13 %) target for the completion of repair work, installation and running of the industries resident in the area of Industrial Park CATF Zheleznogorsk. So for 9 high-tech companies have completed the development of design-estimate documentation and place in an Industrial Park. Also in the area of Industrial Park the work is done on equipment placement, RTSI "Polymer and composite materials and technologies" (REC "PCMT"). However, the process of organizing a branch of "KRITBI" in the city Zheleznogorsk, which will be passed to the equipment RCI "PCMT" on the right of operational management. It is planned that the branch will reach self-sufficiency by the end of 2017 [14].
In the development of scientific and technological creativity and innovative entrepreneurship of young people from the regional budget in 2016 allocated 32.8 million rubles (8.04 % of the total innovation expenditure) on creation of a Technopark in Krasnoyarsk Territory "Kvantorium". In August 2016 Krasnoyarsk Territory was among the 17 territories of the winners of the competitive selection of the Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation were granted subsidies from the Federal budget on financial provision of activities on creation of a Technopark "Kvantorium". The amount of subsidy provided by the Federal Ministry of education and science in 2016 was 56.3 million. Funds from the regional budget and Federal budget target for the purchase of high-tech equipment for the children's Technopark.
The project of children's Technopark, implemented in the framework of the Federal target program of education development for 2016-2020, focused on priority directions of technological development of the Krasnoyarsk region, taking into account the implementation in the region of the National technology initiative (NTI). Creation of a Technopark involves the formation of a special hightech laboratories and workshops, interactive Museum, library and lecture hall. The project aims at the development of creative abilities and interest in scientific and technological activities among students, the spread and popularization of scientific knowledge; the creation of conditions for intellectual development and support to gifted children; assistance in professional orientation and the formation of personnel reserve for high-tech industries of economy of the region.
The development of the Cluster of innovative technologies CATF Zheleznogorsk in 2016 allotted 7.0 million rubles. In October 2016 priority project in Krasnoyarsk region Innovation cluster Technopolis "Yenisei" became the winner in the tender and included in the list of participants of the project the Ministry of economic development "innovation clusters - leaders of investment attractiveness of world level". Only on competitive selection of 22 applications were submitted, the results of which selected 11 clusters leaders. The cluster will be assisted in the use of various measures of support from the Ministry of economic development and other agencies and development institutions to ensure the rapid growth on the basis of achievement world level investment attractiveness, development of mechanisms to support entrepreneurial activity and integration into global value chains [15; 16]. To date, the Cluster function 54 high-tech enterprises in the region, including scientific and educational
organizations, large and medium-sized companies. The main specialization of the Cluster are space and nuclear technology.
In addition to the financial measures of the support of the Government at the state level of the Krasnoyarsk Region, with participation of ROSATOM state Corporation, developed the concept of creating territories of priority socio-economic development (TPSED) CATF Zhelezno-gorsk and CATF Zelenogorsk.
Obtaining the status of TPSED will establish a special legal regime of entrepreneurial activities, which are favorable for localization of small and medium business, as well as attracting investment. Residents of TPSED will receive tax and customs privileges within 5 years they will also be exempted from property tax and land tax. In addition, for the residents insurance premiums will also be reduced: from 30.2 to 7.6 % and the rate on the profit tax from 18 % to 5 % in the first five years and 10 % in the next five years.
In order to create demand for innovative products developed a draft decree of the government of Krasnoyarsk Territory "On approving the Procedure for the formation and maintenance of a register of innovation products, manufactured in the Krasnoyarsk Territory". The creation of the Register is to facilitate the formation and development of markets for innovative products (technologies and services) produced in the territory of Krasnoyarsk region.
To solve the problem of staffing high-tech industries in the region in the Krasnoyarsk region in 2015 by combining scientific institutions located on the territory of the region, created by the Federal research centre "of the Krasnoyarsk scientific center SB RAS", and in 2016, created a reference University in Krasnoyarsk region on the basis of "Siberian state aerospace University named academician M. F. Reshetnev" by attaching "Siberian state technological University". Supporting University is a base for technology entrepreneurship aimed at creating shots for advanced technologies [17].
Conclusion. The conducted research concludes that the system of stimulation of innovative activity in modern conditions should be provided with a range of measures, including targeted support for priority directions of innovative activities; creating a favorable economic climate in the region, stimulating interest in the implementation of scientific and technological achievements and investments in fixed capital; legal protection of intellectual property rights.
The tools implemented in the state support of innovative activity in the region, in General, provide the minimum necessary conditions for innovation. However, to ensure the competitiveness of the economy of the Krasnoyarsk territory along with the advanced Russian regions (Republic of Tatarstan, Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Tomsk, Kaluga region) this is not enough. In the course of the analysis, noted the following major weaknesses implemented by the region of measures of the state support of innovative activity:
1. Weak cooperation of the existing innovative infrastructure (lack of interaction between government, business, science and subjects of infrastructure of support of innovative activity).
2. The lack of direct financing of innovation: the absence of Krasnoyarsk region venture capital Fund, risk-sharing mechanisms between the state and business, lack of direct financial support measures for companies engaged in the production of innovative products; lack of support measures grant funding at the stage of commercialization and serial production - all of this slows down the existing potential for innovative development.
3. The lack of tax and customs privileges and preferences for residents and companies engaged in innovation activities.
4. The territorial imbalance in the development of innovation - concentration of the main high-tech enterprises, scientific organizations and innovation infrastructure in the Central and southern part of the Krasnoyarsk region.
5. A high degree of risk, lack of competition, enabling businesses to implement innovative activities.
6. Insufficient demand for innovative products in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Despite the reorientation of higher education to prepare highly qualified personnel for the leading sectors of the economy, there is a lack and outflow of highly qualified personnel.
The analysis of the measures of state support of innovative activities implemented in the Krasnoyarsk region, allowed us to determine the main causes that slow down the development of the region and hinder the development of economy of innovative technologies. Based on the results of the analysis, it is possible to conclude that the bidirectional™ and a sufficient efficiency of state support measures, implemented by the region. To ensure the competitiveness and efficiency of the regional economy it is necessary to develop the mechanism of interaction of state regulation of innovation activities at both the regional and Federal levels.
References
1. Avramchikova N. T., Avramchikov V. M., Anta-moshkin A. N. Upravlenie rasprostraneniem innovatsi v regionalnoi sotsialnoi ekonomicheskoi sisteme. [Managing diffusion of innovation in regional socio-economic system]. Krasnoyarsk, KrasGAU, 2015, 161 p.
2. Avramchikova N. T., Chistyakova N. O., Firulev O. V. [Innovation networks: problems and prospective (Russian case study)]. Responsible research and innovation. Tomsk, TGU, 2016, P. 13-20 (In Russ.).
3. Granberg A. G. Osnovi rgionalnoi ekonomiki [Fundamentals of regional economy]. Moscow, NIU VShE, 2006, 495 p.
4. Avramchikova N. T., Avramchikov V. M., Belyakova G. Y., Belyakov S. A. The impact of innovation processes on the life cycle of the economic development of a resource-based region. Advanced Research in Law and Economics. 2015, No. 1(11), P. 23-31. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jarle.
5. Vorob'eva I. M. [State support of innovative activity is correct]. Molodoy ucheniy. 2015, No. 11, P. 787789 (In Russ.).
6. Reyting innovatsionnogo razvitiya sub'ektov Rossi-yskoy Federtsii [The rating of innovative development of
subjects of the Russian Federation] (In Russ.). Available at: https://issek.hse.ru/news/185892548.html/ (accessed 17.02.2017).
7. Reyting innovatsionnikh regionov dlya tselei monitoringa i upravleniya [Rating of innovative regions for the purposes of monitoring and control] (In Russ.). Available at: http:// regions.org/programs/regions-development/rejting-innovacionnykh-regionov-2015-versija-1-0/ (accessed 17.02.2017).
8. Resolution of the government of Krasnoyarsk region from 25.10. 2011 No. 645-p "On approval of the long-term target program "Development of innovative activity in the Krasnoyarsk territory" for 2012-2014" (In Russ.). Available at: Available at: http://www.zakon. krskstate.ru/doc/7300 (accessed 16.03.2017).
9. RF Federal Law "About scientific, scientific-technical and innovative activity in Krasnoyarsk region" of December 01, No. 13-6629 (In Russ.). Available at: http://www. zakon.krskstate.ru/doc/13366 (accessed 16.03.2017).
10. Resolution of the government of Krasnoyarsk region from 30 09. 2013. No. 505-p "On endorsement of state target program of Krasnoyarsk Region "Development of investment, innovation, small and medium enterprises in the region" (In Russ.). Available at: http://www. zakon.krskstate.ru/doc/16056 (accessed 16.03.2017).
11. The decree of the Governor of Krasnoyarsk Region dated 24.11. 2011 № 218-ug "On approval of the Strategy of innovative development of Krasnoyarsk Region for the period till 2020 "Innovative region -2020" (In Russ.). Available at: http://www.docs.cntd.ru/ document/985024710 (accessed 16.03.2017).
12. RF Federal Law "On the budget of the Krasnoyarsk region in 2017 and the planned period 20182019" of Decemder 08, No. 2-195 (In Russ.). Available at: http://www. zakon.krskstate.ru/0/doc/37702 (accessed 16.03.2017).
13. Resolution of the government of Krasnoyarsk region from 07.10 2016 r. No 501-p "On endorsement of state target program of Krasnoyarsk Region "Development and enhancing the global competitiveness of scientific and educational complex and innovation system" (In Russ.). Available at: http://www.zakon. krskstate.ru/0/doc/38416 (accessed 16.03.2017).
14. Avramchikova N. T., Chistyakova N. O. Perspek-tivi razvitiya klastera innovatsionnikh tekhnologi ZATO g. Zhleznogorsk Krasnoyarskogo krya [Prospects of development of cluster of innovative technologies ZATO Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Region]. Krasnoyarsk, SibGAU, 2016, 120 p.
15. Vautrin T. Innovation and Competitiveness clusters Policy in France. Programme "Competitiveness clusters policy" (France). Available at: http://proinno.intrasoft. be/index.cfm?fuseaction=wiw.measures&page=detail&ID =8922/ (accessed 01.02.2011).
16. Dohse D. Cluster-Based Technology Policy - The German Experience. Journal of Industry and Innovation. 2007, Vol. 14, No. 1, P. 69-94.
17. Resolution of the government of Krasnoyarsk region from 30.09.2013 r. No 508-p "On endorsement of state target program of Krasnoyarsk Region "Development of education" (In Russ.). Available at:
http://www.docs.cntd.ru/document/465806850 (accessed 16.03.2017).
Библиографические ссылки
1. Аврамчикова Н., Аврамчиков В. М., Антамош-кин А. Н. Управление распространением инноваций в региональной социально-экономической системе : монография / КрасГАУ. Красноярск, 2015. 161 с.
2. Аврамчикова Н. Т., Чистякова Н. О., Фирулев О. В. Innovation networks: problems and prospective (Russian case study) // Responsible research and innovation : материалы междунар. конф. Томск : ТПУ, 2016. С. 13-20.
3. Гранберг А. Г. Основы региональной экономики. М. : НИУ ВШЭ. 2006. 495 с.
4. Влияние инновационных процессов на жизненный цикл экономического развития ресурсно-ориентированного региона / Н. Т. Аврамчикова [и др.] // Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics (ISSN2068696X-Romania-Scopus). 2015. № 1(11). C. 23-31.
5. Воробьева И. М. Государственная поддержка инновационной деятельности // Молодой ученый. 2015. № 11. С. 787-789.
6. Рейтинг инновационного развития субъектов Российской Федерации / под ред. Л. М. Гохберга. М. : НИУ ВШЭ, 2016. Вып. 4. 249 с.
7. Рейтинг инновационных регионов для целей мониторинга и управления / Экспертно-аналитический комитет Ассоциации инновационных регионов России. М. : АИРР, 2017. 67 с.
8. Об утверждении долгосрочной целевой программы «Развитие инновационной деятельности на территории Красноярского края» на 2012-2014 годы : постановление Правительства Красноярского края от 25.10.2011 г. № 645-п [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.zakon.krskstate.ru/doc/7300 (дата обращения: 16.03.2017).
9. О научной, научно-технической и инновационной деятельности в Красноярском крае : Закон Красноярского края от 01.12.2011 г. № 13-6629 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.zakon.krskstate.ru/doc/ 13366 (дата обращения: 16.03.2017).
10. Об утверждении государственной программы Красноярского края «Развитие инвестиционной, инновационной деятельности, малого и среднего предпринимательства на территории края : постановление
Правительства Красноярского края от 30.09.2013 г. № 505-п [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.zakon. krskstate.ru/doc/16056 (дата обращения: 16.03.2017).
11. Об утверждении Стратегии инновационного развития Красноярского края на период до 2020 года «Инновационный край - 2020 : Указ губернатора Красноярского края от 24.11. 2011 г. № 218-уг [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.docs.cntd.ru/document/ 985024710 (дата обращения: 16.03.2017).
12. О бюджете Красноярского края на 2017 г. и плановый период 2018-2019 г. : Закон Красноярского края от 08.12.2016 г. № 2-195 [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www. zakon.krskstate.ru/0/doc/37702 (дата обращения: 16.03.2017).
13. Об утверждении государственной программы Красноярского края «Развитие и повышение глобальной конкурентоспособности научно-образовательного комплекса и инновационной системы : постановление Правительства Красноярского края от 07.10.2016 г. № 501-п [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.zakon. krskstate.ru/0/doc/38416 (дата обращения: 16.03.2017).
14. Аврамчикова Н. Т., Чистякова Н. О. Перспективы развития кластера инновационных технологий ЗАТО г. Железногорск Красноярского края : монография / СибГАУ. Красноярск, 2016. 120 с.
15. Vautrin T. Innovation and Competitiveness clusters Policy in France. URL: http://www.triplehelixconference. org/th/11/bic/docs/Papers/Dezhina.pdf. (дата обращения: 16.03.2017).
16. Dohse D. Cluster-Based Technology Policy -The German Experience // Industry and Innovation. 2007. Vol. 14, No. 1. Р. 69-94.
17. Об утверждении государственной программы Красноярского края «Развитие образования» : постановление Правительства Красноярского края от 30.09.2013 г. № 508-п [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.docs.cntd.ru/document/465806850 (дата обращения: 16.03.2017).
© Avramchikova N. T., Volkov D. О., Zakharova L. N., 2017
