CC BY
3
Meliboeva F.S.
Kokand State Pedagogical Institute
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF MANUFACTURING AND HUMAN
HEALTH
Annotation: The article explains the geographical features of production and human health, the factors affecting it, as well as the ongoing reforms in the country to ensure the environment and human health.
Keywords: Population health, infectious diseases, nature and society, environmental factors, environmental situation, natural factors, natural conditions, air pollution.
In the last 200 years, mankind has achieved a significant increase in life expectancy due to scientific and technological advances, advances in medicine, and significant improvements in living conditions. In the last decade, the number of cases of diarrhea, acute intestinal infections, dysentery, viral hepatitis and some other infectious diseases has been declining. However, the fact that the relationship between nature and society has negative consequences every second or minute has become no longer a problem, especially in the 21st century. It should be noted that in the last 5-10 years, unprecedented types of diseases have appeared for mankind. At the heart of this process are, of course, two major systems: nature and society. The Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, which has confused countries all over the world in a short period of time, is affecting the population with its rapidity, high response rate, and rapid generation of new strains.
The impact of environmental factors (social, economic, biological, natural-climatic, chemical, physical, etc.) leads to the development of a negative impact on the health of the population. The situation in Uzbekistan is such that air pollutants in settlements (cities and villages) significantly worsen the ecological situation in the regions, causing changes in the chemical composition of all natural components of the ecosystem. All this has a negative impact on the health of the population.
Human health is a complex process, and its qualitative and quantitative aspects are constantly changing in accordance with the social environment in which it lives. Changes in the etymology and pathogenesis of its diseases are the result of the proliferation or disappearance of certain diseases, the emergence of new types of diseases is not a spontaneous process, but underlies social conditions. Factors such as topography, climate, soil, groundwater and surface water, flora and fauna are included in the composition of natural conditions that play a leading role in determining the health of the population. The economic interpretation of the region focuses on its population and settlements, industry and agriculture, transport and foreign economic relations. [1].
The reforms being carried out in our country today to ensure the environment and human health are considered to be a topical issue of educating the younger generation as healthy, well-rounded and mature people and improving their living conditions. In our country, a socio-economic environment is created in terms of industry and production, based on the natural conditions of each region. This environment serves to meet the needs of the social strata living in the area.
In recent years, great attention has been paid in our country to increasing the capacity of industrial and manufacturing enterprises, meeting the demand of the population for material products, creating the necessary jobs for the workforce.
We know that any production complex, in turn, emits more or less waste into nature. How and in what form the waste is disposed of can in turn be seen as a negative factor.
Changes in the global landscape in recent years have expressed a significant new threat to human health, changing our perception of how we should protect vulnerable populations. Air pollution is one of the major environmental health risks. The fact that both ozone and solids have a negative impact on human health is a matter of great concern.
Atmospheric air pollution in cities causes 1.3 million deaths worldwide each year. Reducing air pollution can help countries reduce the incidence of respiratory infections, heart and lung cancer. [2]
Over the past ten years, some infectious diseases have been completely eradicated in our country, while others have significantly decreased. However, the total number of cases among the population is growing. Especially in recent years, the number of patients with malignant neoplasms, endocrine and circulatory diseases, as well as respiratory diseases, which are becoming more widespread in the country, is growing.
Anthropogenic sources of pollution play an important role in the formation of the quality and quantity of atmospheric air in Uzbekistan. The Republic of Uzbekistan is located in an arid zone, which contains large natural sources of aerosol emissions, such as the dust storms Karakum and Kyzylkum, as well as the dry Aral Sea region (Aralkum) of the Aral Sea. The main constituents of aerosols from these sources are soil and mineral particles.
In recent years, the development of industrial sectors in the Fergana region, the opening of nature reserves has further increased the demand for labor resources. All this requires the placement of the population within the territorial complexes. The largest industrial centers in the region are Fergana, Margilan, Kokand, Quvasoy. Almost all of these industrial facilities are located in the above industrial centers. Most of them (oil, chemical, cotton ginning, construction, machinery, etc.) are concentrated primarily in and around the cities of Fergana and Kokand (in the agglomeration). The fact that these networks are mainly located in several regions of the region has a significant impact on the health of
people living in these areas. Noise, environmental pollution, and various adverse conditions are causing other types of diseases.
Fergana region is one of the most industrialized regions of the republic. Today, there are about 90 large industrial enterprises in the region, and the leading industries are fuel and energy, chemicals, machinery, construction materials, cotton ginning and processing, light and food industries, etc., located in Fergana and Kokand. The largest enterprises of the chemical industry (nitrogen production, chemical fiber, furan compounds and superphosphate plants) are also located in Fergana and Kokand.
When assessing the medical geography of these industrial centers, it should be noted that in these areas there are a large number of diseases associated with blood and blood-forming, respiratory and digestive organs. The high density of population and industrial hubs, as well as the tight location of the transport network in these areas, contribute to the further development of these diseases.
The main sources of human health are the environment, air, water and soil. But their current situation in the region cannot be considered satisfactory. According to the regional nature protection organization, it is the main cause of the disease due to the toxins released into the atmosphere. This figure is even higher, especially around industrial centers. Naturally, such an ecological environment has a negative impact on the health of the population.
The incidence of some diseases has also increased in the region due to the prevailing winds and their direction. In the city of Kokand, which is a major industrial facility, the impact of wind on the environment and human health from a natural geographical point of view remains directly related to industrial waste. This, in turn, plays an important role in public health. This is because it often has an impact on the spread of gas and dust generated from industrial facilities to other areas.
In general, the complex process associated with the "nature-human-production" system today has its own negative impact on the environment. It is necessary to take into account the following in ensuring that this system is in perfect condition in each region or region.
• Taking into account local characteristics in industrial production,
• Achieving a reduction in the environmental impact of waste in industrial production;
• Putting human health at the forefront of production;
• Study and strengthen the application of the experienc e of industrialized countries;
• Establish regular health analysis of the population in industrial centers;
• Improving the application of low-waste technologies in production and taking into account others.
It should be noted that the attention and care paid by the President to the health care system plays an important role in protecting the health of the population, as well as improving the welfare of our people.
References:
1. Komilova N. Soliev A. Medical geography. 2005. Tashkent.
2. Climate change - its impact on the environment and public health. Risola. 2012 Syrdarya.
