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БАЗА ГЕОДАННЫХ ДЛЯ БАССЕЙНА РЕКИ ТУУЛ
Удвалцэцэг Гэндаваа
Институт геоэкологии МАН, Барун Селбе 15, Улан-Батор 211238, Монголия, PhD, доцент, тел: +976-11- 321862, e-mail: gendvaa_u@yahoo.com
Хулан Борчулуун
Монгольский сельскохозяйственный университет, Агробиологический институт, Зайсан 53, МСУ, 210153 Улан-Батор, преподаватель, магистр, тел: 976-11-34-19-18, fax: 976-11-34-24-10, email: hulan1986@yahoo.com
Река Туул является крупнейшей в Монголии, которая берет начало с Хребта Хан Хэнтий, течёт через город Улан-Батор и впадает в реку Орхон, являющейся самым крупным притоком бассейна р. Селенга.
В последнее время экосистема бассейна реки Туул притягивает большое внимание монгольских и иностранных исследователей. Мы впервые разработали геоинформационные базы данных с помощью ГИС технологии. За основу взяли топографическую карту, которая считается самым надежным источником информации. Геоинформационная база данных является основным материалом для пространственных и временных исследований данного бассейна реки.
Ключевые слова: топографическая карта, ГИС, пространство, векторные данные и атрибутивная информация.
GEODATA BASE FOR THE TUUL RIVER BASIN
Udvaltsetseg Gendavaa
Institute of Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Baruun Selbe 15, Ulaanbaatar 211238, Mongolia, Assoc. Prof, PhD, tel: +976-11- 321862, e-mail: udvaltsetseg@ecology.mas.ac.mn
Khulan Borchuluun
Mongolian State University of Agriculture, School of Agrobiology, Zaisan 53, MSUA, 210153 Ulaanbaatar, lecturer, tel: 976-11-34-19-18, fax: 976-11-34-24-10, e-mail: hulan1986@yahoo.com
The Tuul river is one of the biggest rivers in Mongolia and it originates from Khan Khentii wilderness and runs through the Ulaanbaatar city to flow in the Orkhon River, which is the biggest tributary of the Selenga River basin.
Domestic and International scientists are concerning the ecosystem of the Tuul River basin have become highly vulnerable to climate change impact. We have developed Geo database at the first time in Mongolia by digitizing the topographic map at a scale of 1:100000, using Arc view software. The database will further become the base information for any research work relevance to make spatial-time analyzes within the river basin.
Key words: topographic map, Geo-information system, space, vector data and attribute information.
INTRODUCTION
Creation of computer and high technology made the bigger step forward to the development of science such as appropriate and organized way of collecting massive size of information on nature and efficient use of such information in place. Moreover, a possibility of making spatial-time analysis and quality assessment on the information and ways to create a new information and data on the software have been facilitating scientists to enhance their work efficiency in the development and creation of science. The organized and collated data and information help decision makers to make appropriate solution in regard with the governing the country.
Nowadays, there have been much software and systems for various purposes of research and study that are based on computerized technologies with high capacity and the biggest example of are the Geo-information system [1].
Geo-information system is the complex of computer, software and geographical data that captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that is linked to location [2].
Geo-information system is the most appropriate method for analyzing spatial information of all objects the nature [3].
The main key for effective use of geo-information data is high qualitative technology, system and software. The other one is to have well organized and logically orderliness and standardized sources of information which also have to be accurate and realistic.
Institute of Geoecology of MAS has been carrying out the basic research work called “Modeling the integrated water management of the Tuul River and ecological study of the area”. Within the framework of the research work, we have developing complete vector data associated attribute information by digitizing main elements of topographic maps. As a result, the geo-information database for the Tuul River has been done by using ARCVIEW software.
Reference information
The basic geo reference materials for this research work will be the 1:100 000 scale 65 topographic maps developed in between 1980-1986. The maps were developed based on aerial photographs which were taken in between 1942-1945, using stereo-photogram method.
There are not any inventions were done for the Tuul River basin except for once that the Tuul River basin mapping was part of the “national scheme for utilization and protection of integrated water resources in the Selenga River basin”, developed by Institute of Water Survey and Research /old name/ in 1984. The scale of mapping in the scheme is 1:1 500 000 - 1:3 000 000.
In the past few years, scientist of the Institute of Geoecology of MAS have developed different series of electronic maps on geomorphology, land shaft and soil with medium scales.
Methodology
Methodological technology scheme for processing geo-information database for the Tuul River basin is shown in Fig. 1.
It was decided that the projected coordinate system „Universal Transverse Mercator „(UTM) and geographic coordinate system „World Geodetic System 84’ (WGS 84) should be used for georeferencing the maps and displaying subsequent vector data. This coordinate system was approved by the Mongolian Government regulation 25 on the 28th January 2009.
Methodological step for data processing
Figure 1. Methodological technology scheme for processing geo-information
database
The Tuul River basin georeferencing was done using GPS-derived target points, to give an accurate representation in the WGS 84 geographic coordinate system. The original topographic maps were published in the Krasovsky 1940 geographic coordinate system.
Results
The most common method for illustrating spatial data by graph is the map and it shows the object by point, line and area [4].
Table 1 show that which element of spatial base shall be chosen for digitizing main elements of the map into the vector data. By using this sample, the spatial base of main elements will be created.
Table1. Sample for digitizing elements of main map into vector data
Structure of sample Base data Type of spatial base
I II III
1 2 3 4 5
1Digital map-base map 1:100000 scale topographic
1.1.Relief /Digital sample of map will be used *
altitude/
1.2.Urban area /status of *
administration and number of *
population/
1.3.Road network *
/by type of road/
1.4.Administration and territory
distribution /various type of
boundaries/
2.Data relevant to water object Location map will be used
2.1.River /with permanent and
temporary flow/ *
2.2. Lake /volatile and perennial, *
salty and unsalted/
2.3. Springs *
2.4.Well *
2.5.Saline, salt-marsh and sludge * *
Note: I- point, II-line, III-area
Sample for created attribute data base of topographic map elements
For the Tuul River Basin all features have been digitized and all attribute information completed. For instance:
All objects which are illustrated by points have been added to the database such are data of altitude and all socio-economic related data such as number of population, wells, springs and other objects and their lation in urban area /Fig.2/.
Figure 2. Database for water points in the Tuul River basin
All objects which are illustrated by lines have been added to the database such are length of the objects and other related necessary information /Fig. 3/.
» «
Figure 3. A database for rivers in the Tuul River basin
All objects which are illustrated by area have been added to the database such are sub-data related to squire and distribution of the objects /Fig. 4/.
@] CDEHI] HHO1I01 a SDSilS Ei ECU H
Figure 4. Database for administration unit in the Tuul River basin The following data will be used for sub-database for geo-information database
as:
Rivers - their name, length /this data will be created as polygon/ and other necessary information have been added in the sub-data base. For the rivers, data related to rivers' width, run-off, chemical characteristics, name of province /aimag/ and sub-province /soum/ where the rivers pass through can be added.
Lakes - their name, squire and perimeter /those data will be created as polygon/ and other necessary information have been added in the sub-data base. For the lakes, the data related to lakes' width, chemical characteristics, name of province and subprovince where the lakes are located can be added:
Relief - horizontal and altitude points
Name - center of province /aimag/ and sub-province /soum/
Boundary - squire of aimags and soums.
Using above mentioned geo database, we have developed physical geography map as electronic type /Fig. 5/.
Figure 5. Physicogeographycal map of the Tuul River basin
Conclusion
The developed geo-information database for the Tuul River by digitizing a topographic map at a scale of 1:100000 using Arc-view software is very important and significant for further cartography work.
Since the ecosystem of the Tuul River basin have become highly vulnerable to climate change impact and it has been concerned by domestic and International scientists, the geo-information database developed by us will be used as a base reference for further spatial and time analysis and qualitative and quantitative assessment on space and time.
References
1. Amarsaikhan. D. “Geo-information system and modeling spatial features”. “Erdem” newspaper, printed by MAS, N:04/58/. UB. 2002. Page 4-6.
2. Amarsaikhan. D. “Principles for using geo-infoprmation database system in nature resources management” UB. 2007
3. N.B, Konavalova. E.G. Capralov. “Introduction into GIS”. Petrazavodsk.1995. Page 32
4. Udvaltsetseg. G. “Developing necessary geo-information database for water resources mapping”. “Aspects of Mongolian Geoecology” N: 3. Institute of Geoecology of MAS. UB. 2000. Page 102-112
© U. Gendavaa, Kh. Borchuluun, 2012
