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163GENERAL FEATURES OF THE TOURISM PRODUCTS IN THE SERVICE Dilmonov K.B.
Dilmonov Kudrat Bakhtiyrovich - Senior Lecturer, TOURISM AND HOTEL BUSINESS DEPARTMENT, BUKHARA STATE UNIVERSITY, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article deals with the general features of the tourism products in the service. The large size and segmentation of the tourism market, as well as the demand, make it necessary for tour operators to focus their products on a specific specialty. Keywords: tourism, types of tourism, tourist product, marketing.
In most parts of the country, the tourism business is transferred to a large number of businesses. They are formed and operate in accordance with national legislation. They are obliged to strictly adhere to the established standards, requirements and conditions.
It should be noted that in the activities of tourism companies there are significant differences in the volume and nature of operations, market position, specialization and other conditions of the tourism market. First of all, travel agencies are divided into tour operators and travel agencies.
Tour operators - they are wholesalers of tourist products. Tour operators act as a link between manufacturers of tourist services and retailers. To create mass tourism products, they buy the services of hotels, restaurants, transport companies on a large scale. They form travel packages for group and individual trips in the specified direction.
Tour operators are the main generators of organized tourism. Their main task is to study and meet market demand. Wholesale travel companies have to invest significant financial resources to develop their business. This is necessary for the creation of its own shopping center and product movement, the creation of an effective sales network, and more.
With the development of modern needs and the desires of a large number of tourists, no firm, even a large tourism firm, can cover the activities of existing market segments and poverty. In practice, each travel agency chooses for itself a relatively accessible and more profitable segment of market demand. On this basis, it forms its own tourism product, sets prices, uses appropriate sales and traffic channels. Thus, a specialized tourism firm is created. Depending on the demographic, socio-economic and psychological characteristics of demand, we can observe the specialization of tour operators in the following areas:
• youth tourism (schoolchildren, students);
• tourism for the elderly (pensioners, veterans);
• mass tourism (for middle-income people);
• elite tourism with special attention (for high-income people);
• excursion - sightseeing tourism;
• tourism for recreation, treatment, sports;
• congress tourism, etc.
Travel agency (travel agents). They act as retailers of tourist services for personal noncommercial consumption to their compatriots or foreign travelers. Retail travel agency plays an important role in the sale of tourist products of the tour operator. In addition, they provide many other services, such as hotel accommodation, restaurant meals, transportation, theater and entertainment. Their main source of income is the commission paid by suppliers for the services sold.
Travel agencies are registered as legal entities or individuals in accordance with the legislation in force in different countries. They operate in a small market in the region. They have little information, are strongly dependent on the market situation in the tourism market and the policies of tour operators and transport companies.
However, the functions of wholesale tour operators and retail travel agencies are not always clearly defined. Because both can do both wholesale and retail operations. Tour operators often set up private travel agencies to retail their species.
When there is a high demand, the travel agency, in turn, can undertake small wholesale transactions.
In addition to the general characteristics of the tourist product in terms of service, it also has its distinctive features:
1. It is a complex of goods and services characterized by a complex system of interactions between different components.
2. Demand for tourist services is very flexible compared to prices and benefits, but often depends on socio-political conditions.
3. As a rule, the consumer can not see the product before consumption, the consumption itself is carried out directly at the place of production of tourist services.
4. The consumer eliminates the distance that separates it from the product and the place of consumption, that is, the consumer moves towards the product.
5. Life depends on variability, such as time and space, so demand is characterized by variability.
6. The supply of tourist services differs from inflexible production. It can be consumed directly on the spot. Hotels, airports, resorts cannot be relocated at the end of the season. They cannot adapt to changes in demand over space and time.
7. Tourism products are created by the activities of many enterprises, each of which has its own different commercial purposes, specific consumption and methods of operation.
8. Assessment of the quality of tourist services is characterized by significant subjectivity: persons who are not directly related to the package of services consumed, have a significant impact on the consumer's assessment.
The main task of the tour operator in the development of tourism products is to create a tour with a program of relevant services. This is the product that the tour operator puts on the market. Depending on the tourist application and the organization of the sale of the species, the species can be individual or group.
Individual tours give the tourist more freedom and independence, but the tour is relatively expensive, because the tourist pays separately and in full for transport services, guides, etc., and in group tours these costs are paid by group tourists. is equal to the number of That is why individual tours are not always popular with mass tourists.
In addition, the organization of individual trips is a labor-intensive process that requires the use of computer equipment for booking, dispatching, settlements and other operations. On the other hand, individual tourism is very profitable for travel companies from an economic point of view, as it earns more from the sale of individual tours per person compared to group tours. Therefore, in the strategy of the firm it is necessary to find certain places for both individual and group types.
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