12«Новые импульсы развития: вопросы научных исследований»
УДК 001
Суховская Дарья Николаевна Sukhovskaya Daria Nikolaevna
кандидат философских наук, старший научный сотрудник PhD in Philosophy, Senior Research Fellow Ермакова Лариса Ивановна Ermakova Larisa Ivanovna PhD in Philosophy, Leading Researcher доктор философских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Пятигорский государственный университет», кафедра исторических и социально-философских дисциплин,
востоковедения и теологии Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
"Pyatigorsk State University" Department of Historical and Socio-Philosophical Disciplines,
Oriental Studies and Theology
THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE PHENOMENON OF «SPACE» AND «PLACE» IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT
ФИЛОСОФСКАЯ КОНЦЕПТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ СВЯЗИ ФЕНОМЕНА «ПРОСТРАНСТВО» И «МЕСТО» В ГОРОДСКОЙ СРЕДЕ
Аннотация. В статье проведен анализ пространств поселений с позиции, согласно которой главным назначением того или иного места в городском теле является описание взаимосвязи между миром и человеком. Каждое место, где побывал человек, оставляет на память о себе определенный комплекс чувств, ощущений в сознании горожанина. Гипотеза исследования заключается в предположении о том, что пространства города в условиях глобализационных трансформаций, выступают наиболее значимыми площадками реализации потенциала личности. В условиях урбанизированного социума пространство поселения посредством собственного творческого потенциала выступает в роли системы приращения творческих способностей личности, местом ее самореализации, реализации творческого потенциала и формирования ценностных ориентаций.
The article carries out the analysis of the residential spaces from the position according to which the main function of this or that place in the urban body in the description of the interaction between the world and man. Each place visited by man, leaves a certain complex of feelings, perceptions in the citizen's consciousness to remember it by. The hypothesis of the research consists
XМеждународная научно-практическая конференция in the fact that urban spaces in the conditions of the globalizational transformations act as the most significant platforms for the realization of a person's potential. In the conditions of the urbanized society the residential space through its own creative potential acts in the role of the system of the increment in a person's creative abilities the place of their self-actualization, realization of the creative potential and building of value-based orientations.
Abstract. The article carries out the analysis of the residential spaces from the position according to which the main function of this or that place in the urban body in the description of the interaction between the world and man. Each place visited by man, leaves a certain complex of feelings, perceptions in the citizen's consciousness to remember it by. The hypothesis of the research consists in the fact that urban spaces in the conditions of the globalizational transformations act as the most significant platforms for the realization of a person's potential. In the conditions of the urbanized society the residential space through its own creative potential acts in the role of the system of the increment in a person's creative abilities the place of their self-actualization, realization of the creative potential and building of value-based orientations.
Ключевые слова: пространство, место, топос, хора, городское пространство, городская среда, философия города.
Key words: space, place, topos, chora, urban space, urban environment, city philosophy.
The article carries out the analysis of the residential spaces from the position according to which the main function of this or that place in the urban body in the description of the interaction between the world and man. Each place visited by man, leaves a certain complex of feelings, perceptions in the citizen's consciousness to remember it by. The hypothesis of the research consists in the fact that urban spaces in the conditions of the globalizational transformations act as the most significant platforms for the realization of a person's potential. In the conditions of the urbanized society the residential space through its own creative potential acts in the role of the system of the increment in a person's creative abilities the place of their self-actualization, realization of the creative potential and building of value-based orientations.
The scientific hypothesis of research implies the study of the state of the dialectical interconnection between the person-creator with their inherent value-based orientations and residential space [1, p.34].
«Новые импульсы развития: вопросы научных исследований»
Speaking of the concept of «space» and «place» in the humanitarian knowledge it should be noted that the categories under consideration are more often than not connected with the fundamental dimensions of the human world and characterize the later by means of the specific and not so rigorous parametres, such as «bottom», «top», «outskirts» or «center», «depth», «surface», «proximity», «distance» and others. Such parametres are fixed at the level of ordinary consciousness and serve to describe the coordinates and vectors of the dynamics and statics of human being, describe the space of a human ontology.
Within our research we share the understanding of the «space» category by N.E.Yastrebova who argues that it is just the very «notion of space that changes its contours depending on the model of the world which is typical of society as a whole and is at the crossroads of the natural factors and cultural constituents. This notion helps interpret the forms in which a person mentally constructs the world around them» [2, p. 219].
Of interest in the context of the aforesaid citation, is the example of the term «lieu» existing in the French language, that describes a part of some space that may be characterized by a person, i.g. through the events that took place in this part of the space [3]. So, place is a «reference» to the reality which is capable of taking a spiritual or physical form.
The term «lieu» already mentioned has two meanings : in the first meaning it is used as «a part of space occupied by some body», in the second - «lieu» means «space considered as such, not in connection with the bodies capable of being there» [3]. It should be noted that the two meanings of the term «lieu» are similar as there exist several ways of describing the space occupied by a body.
Place, topos, chora
The authors of antiquity were the first to elaborate on the theoretical problematization of the category of «space».
Plato and Aristotle spoke about the existence of topos - the place with the precisely determined geographical characteristics. Topos is one of the key characteristics and a component of Aristotle's physics: «place is neither matter, nor
XМеждународная научно-практическая конференция form, nor extent , but the thing the body is in (but not a geometrical figure), the thing that in the closest way embraces this body. In addition the place is neither bigger nor smaller than the body contained in it however it is not inherent in the body itself and hereby it is something «external» , different from the body, determined as the first fixed boundary of the embracing body» [4, p. 132].
Analyzing the works by Aristotle we come to the conclusion that place is spatial, three-dimensional, we are capable of determining the top and the bottom in the closed cosmos. Apart from all the other things, place has the inherent characteristic of some force that conditions the movement regarding this place.
The central notion of the second concept of the determination of «place» in the philosophy of antiquity in «chora» - the place that is determined relatively without any exact coordinates: Aristotle and Plato wrote several works where they speculated on the specific features of the notion of «chora» (5, 45-53, 52a, b, d; 53 a).
In our view, the notion of «chora» is historically limited from the position of the attempt at the formalization of society's structure of being. Besides, the notion of «chora» contains the indications of the involvement of the utterances about social space in the social-spatial context. When considering «chora» as space it is necessary, from our point of view, to take into account the dialectical context. «Chora» is the limit of the possibilities of this or that concept in the explanation of the category of «social space», besides this «limit» cannot the considered as the ontological property of space itself (thing in itself), nor as the product of the imperfection or insufficiency of man's reflexive potential, nor as a result or effect of the involvement of the theoretical reflexion in the processes of the transformation of social being. So, neither of the theories is capable of giving the uniform formalization of social being as it's very existence changes being, i.e. the creation of this or that theory is already part of public (social) practice capable to transform social relation.
The description and study of space cannot but be the part of the dialectics of social relations and social space as in these interrelations the former plays an important (revolutionary or reactionary) role.
«Новые импульсы развития: вопросы научных исследований»
So, the exact size of place is determined by using cartographical terms which can be measured both as such and through their connection with other objects (i.e. the tree is at the highest point of the hill, at the foot of which is a village). But even if place is determined by the exact cartographical terms, it does not lose memory and mind (spirit) with which a person who visited it or know about its existence, associated the place.
So, there also exists the «choretic» dimension of the place which is relative.
References:
1. Sukhovskaya D. N. Creative space of Russian urban settlements and its influence on the formation of value orientations of the individual. Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Philosophical Sciences. Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Krasnodar, 2016.
2. Yastrebova N. E. National features of the concepts of "space" and "time" [Electronic resource] / / Historical, philosophical, political and legal sciences, cultural studies and art criticism. Questions of theory and practice. Tambov: Gramota, 2011. No. 8 (14): in 4 ch. Ch. I. C. 218-221. URL: www.gramota.net/materials/ 3/2011/8-1/ (accessed: 16.11.2020).
3. Noll S., Sharon & Biehl J. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of the City. 2019. [Electronic resource] URL.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332656151_The_Routledge_Handbook_of_ Philosophy_of_the_City (accessed: 21.11.2020).
4. Asmus V. F. Antichnaya filosofiya: 3rd ed. Moscow: Vyssh. shk.,. 1999. 400
p.
5. Plato. Timaeus // Collected works in 4 vols., vol. 3 / Trans. from Ancient Greek; General ed. by A. F. Losev, V. F. Asmus, A. A. Takho-Godi; Author of the introductory articles and articles in the notes by A. F. Losev; Note by A. A. Takho-Godi. - Moscow: Mysl, 1994. - pp. 421-500.
XМеждународная научно-практическая конференция
6. Ermakova L. I., Sukhovskaya D. N. The role of the creative environment of the russian city in the formation of value orientations of the individual citizen // Historical, philosophical, political and legal sciences, cultural studies and art history. Questions of theory and practice. 2016. No. 10 (72). pp. 86-89.
УДК 800
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Дальневосточный Федеральный Университет Far Eastern Federal University
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Аннотация. Большую значимость в современном мире играют средства массовой информации, результатом этого является проявление массового интереса к выпускаемым ими продуктам. Статья посвящена исследованию поведения дискурсивной личности в одном из жанров медиадискурса. В качестве материала исследования выступают эпизоды телесериала. Работа представляет сравнительный анализ вербального и невербального аспектов поведения дискурсивной личности в ряде коммуникативных ситуаций.
