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FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES AT LIGHT
INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES
M.M. Tukhtasinova, Senior Lecturer Fergana Polytechnic Institute (Uzbekistan, Fergana)
DOI: 10.24411/2411-0450-2020-10992
Abstract. The article deals with the current state of the world textile market. The analysis showed that rapid access to the textile markets of developed countries is mainly carried out by national companies that are integrated into the global textile industry. In the article, the author investigated some features of the production activity of light industry enterprises: the structure of the industry, the application and consumption of light industry products, factors of placement of light industry enterprises. Areas of application and consumption of light industry products are described. In conclusion, recommendations for improving the technological cycle in the textile industry are given.
Keywords: light industry, textile industry, features of the industry, structure, economy of Uzbekistan.
Introduction. The development of an anticrisis mechanism for managing textile enterprises is of great importance in the world. «The share of textile products in the global industry is 5.7 percent [1]. In 2018, in the EU countries, the change in demand for textiles increased by 90.5 percent, by 99.3 percent in the US and by 220 percent in Japan compared to 2005». Developed countries help to overcome the crisis processes in textile enterprises and increase the competitiveness of national products on the world market in a highly competitive environment, based on the diversification of production, effective use of modern management methods, as well as the introduction of innovations. The steady growth of the world's population in recent years and the continuation of this trend in the future will lead to improved housing conditions and increased solvency of the population, further increasing the demand for finished and semifinished textile products. This, in turn, requires modern scientific research based on reducing the cost of production, as well as expanding the range and improving the quality of products in the textile industry of the country, in particular in the textile industry. In the context of increasing the economic potential of the national textile industry enterprises based on innovative approaches, the study of scientific, methodological and practical aspects of this issue is relevant today [2, 3].
Research result. The textile industry of Uzbekistan plays an important role in the socio-economic development of the country. The textile industry is based on sustained economic growth, increased export earnings, sustainable development of small businesses and private entrepreneurship, as well as social equality, i.e. employment, increased income and, ultimately, improved quality of life.
According to the data, for the period 20142018, an increase in the production of yarn 1.7 ratio, finished fabrics 1.4 ratio, the production of knitted fabrics by 2.4 ratio, the production of sewing-knitted goods amounted to 1.8 ratio, production of hosiery increased by 3.4 ratio.
Implementation is required through technical and economic modernization of the economy, further development of priority industries, improving production efficiency, increasing competitive products that meet the requirements in the foreign and domestic markets. For this reason, great attention is paid to increasing the volume of textile products in the Republic of Uzbekistan [4, 5].
With regard to the textile industry, advanced processing of cotton fiber using modern technologies will increase the volume of production of finished products of the textile and light industry that are in demand on the foreign and domestic markets. The introduction of new modern production technologies
and equipment, and their use in combination with effective management will ensure high labor productivity and growth of finished products at the enterprises of the industry. Relevance the development of this sector of the economy is associated not only with the availability of its own raw material base (cotton, silk, wool), but also with the relatively high labor intensity of the textile industry, which is important in terms of solving employment issues and improving the standard of living of the population, especially women and youth [6, 7].
In the United States, for example, the share of the fifth technological order is 60%, the fourth - 20%, and about 5% already fall on the sixth technological order. In Russia, the share of the fifth mode is approximately 10%, only in the most developed industries: in the military-industrial complex and in the aerospace industry. More than 50% of technologies belong to the fourth level, and almost a third - to the third way.
The data show that during 2010-2018, the share of textile products in the structure of industrial production tended to grow until 2016. There is a decrease in the growth rate of the textile industry in 2016-2018. The highest growth rate of the textile industry for the period 2010-2018 is in 2015. The textile and clothing and knitwear industries are strategically important for the country's economy. These industries account for 12% of total industrial production and 15% of manufacturing production. Industries provide employment for 365 thousand people. Exports last year totaled $ 1.6 billion, almost doubling over the past 3 years [8].
The results of the analysis of the textile industry, based on the analysis of the dynamics of commodity markets, show the need to identify opportunities for implementing marketing strategies [9]. The reason for the increase in the volume of textile production is due to the growing demand of the population. In turn, the development of the textile industry requires the need to maintain the stability of the industry's enterprises and protect them from crisis risk. Taking into account these tasks, we recommend applying anti-crisis management measures in the textile sector at the macro, meso and micro levels. At the
macro level: in order to improve customs legislation and improve product quality, it is necessary to further reduce customs duties on imported raw materials, accessories, equipment and equipment, increase tax benefits, develop logistics, at the meso level: implement a system for scientific and production coordination, develop and implement innovative programs, improve the system of project expertise, strengthen cooperation with research institutes and technology parks, at the micro level: strategic planning was proposed, improve marketing and accounting policies, accelerate innovation and investment activity, optimize production processes, and use energy-saving technologies.
Analysis of the production of a new generation of textiles with the most advanced technologies (nano-, bio-, info) in the world shows that there is an increase in the consumption of chemical fibers and threads. Since the post-crisis 2008, the demand for chemical fibers has been growing continuously and is projected to grow by about 5% per year until 2020. Other types of fibers, including cotton, will not change in the future, i.e. chemical fibers in the future remain virtually the only driver of textile raw materials in the world [10].
According to experts, in the future, the share of fiber consumption per capita will change in favor of synthetic and, first of all, polyester (38% of the total consumption of textile fibers) and polypropylene (12%), while the consumption of cotton (32%), wool (4.0%) and other fibers will decrease (about 6, 7%).
Our analysis shows that there is a close relationship between consumer demand for polyester fibers and demand for all types of fibers. With the economic development of countries, GDP per capita increases, which is reflected in an increase in the income and purchasing power of the local population. Based on the current GDP growth forecast, the consumption of synthetic fibers may increase by 5.6 kg per capita between 2015 and 2040 and reach 14.1 kg per capita, the total number of which is estimated at 9.2 billion people.
Textile materials of the new generation will be produced according to the classical
scheme: production of fibers (natural, chemical) - spinning (yarn) - weaving (knitting, weaving, production of nonwovens) - chemical finishing. Nano-, bio- and information technologies that affect the properties of the material will be added to this technological chain to produce fibers, textiles, clothing, and technical products with new properties at different stages and in different combinations. In other words, the classic textile technology chain will remain a mandatory production platform that will be used for nano-, bio- and information technologies. For Uzbekistan, which is focused on the production of innovative textile products based not only on natural fibers, but also on chemical fibers and threads, it is becoming relevant to develop high-tech chemical technologies, including at the nano level, in a number of areas of which fundamental and research work is being conducted in Uzbekistan [7].
For Uzbekistan, the production of nano-products (fibers, textiles, clothing) should take into account the need for these products, the state and capabilities of domestic manufacturers of textile and light industry, the state of science in this field, the availability of specialists, etc.
Based on internal and external needs, a list of nano-products is formed by significance and advancement (technological, commercial, social), then nano-products are left in the list, based on the "production capability" criterion, and opportunities are sought to purchase technology and produce products.
A special feature of the textile sector in Uzbekistan is the predominance of primary textile production in the industry and the low degree of processing of raw materials. Despite the benefits of deep processing of raw materials and the fact that Uzbekistan ranks sixth in the world in terms of cotton fiber production and third in terms of its exports, the country consumes no more than 65% of the total volume of cotton fiber produced, which indicates that there is a huge potential for the development of the industry. As a result, despite the fact that Uzbekistan's share in world cotton production is 4%, its share in world cotton yarn production is less than 1%. The share in the production of fabrics and fabrics, ready-made knitwear and clothing is
also extremely small, since only 50% of the yarn produced is used for domestic consumption.
Conclusion. Summing up, it should be noted that, based on the above, there is a question of improving the technological cycle in the textile industry. The technological cycle depends on the complexity and complexity of manufacturing products, state of the art and technology, mechanization and automation of main and auxiliary operations, organization of high-quality jobs, etc. The efficiency of the technological cycle is manifested:
- in increasing labor productivity through technical and technological renewal of the production process, jobs;
- to accelerate the turnover of working capital by reducing the production cycle;
- in reducing the cost of production.
Hence, the key task is to accelerate the
qualitative modernization of the industry and its supporting infrastructures on the basis of innovative development using cluster approaches, wide application of the best world and domestic achievements in the field of textile, clothing, leather and footwear production, including nano technologies and nano products. Overcoming the technological backwardness of domestic production, increasing productivity and improving working conditions, ensuring a significant increase in wages for PPP-all these are interrelated tasks that need to be addressed in an integrated approach.
Secondly, the technological lag in the industry is associated with the lag in the development of industry science. Scientific organizations have limited funds for the development of their experimental base (for the purchase of modern devices, laboratory and experimental equipment, etc.), which reduces the effectiveness of scientific research, while leading foreign countries invest 5-7% of their product turnover to Finance R & d and develop the experimental base. This allows them to consistently achieve high achievements in science, increase the technological level of production and the competitiveness of goods in accordance with the requirements of the world market.
Third, the level of work organization and control over the technological process signifi-
cantly lag behind foreign advanced enterpris- abroad, and the duration of order fulfillment es. As a result, the specific labor intensity of is many times longer. production in the industry is much higher than
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ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ ЛЕГКОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ
М.М. Тухтасинова, старший преподаватель Ферганский политехнический институт (Узбекистан, г. Фергана)
Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются вопросы современного состояния мирового текстильного рынка. Проведенный анализ показал, что быстрый доступ к тестильным рынкам развитых стран осуществляется главным образом национальными компаниями которые интегрированы в мировую текстильную промышленность. В статье автор исследовал некоторые особенности производственной деятельности предприятий легкой промышленности: структура отрасли, области применения и потребления продукции легкой промышленности, факторы размещения предприятий легкой промышленности. Описаны области применения и потребления продукции легкой промышленности. В заключении даны рекомендации по совершенствованию технологического цикла в текстильной промышленности.
Ключевые слова: легкая промышленность, текстильная промышленность, особенности отрасли, структура, экономика Узбекистана.
