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37
DOI: 10.12731/2218-7405-2013-7-62
EVALUATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMISSION ON MINOR'S AFFAIRS AND PROTECTION OF THEIR RIGHTS DEALING WITH TROUBLED TEENAGERS (BASED ON MATERIALS OF NIZHNEKAMSK MUNICIPAL DISTRICT)
Tuhvatullina M.A.
Evaluation of the activities of the commission on minor's affairs and protection of their rights dealing with troubled teenagers is very important problem is very relevant in connection with the increase of teenage crime. In article present the evaluation of the activities of the commission on minor's affairs and protection of their rights dealing with troubled teenagers. A particular example of the conducted qualitative and quantitative analysis of activities and on this basis to identify problems. Little attention is paid to the prevention of juvenile crime and this is the main reason for increasing the number of these offenses. Identified problems has allowed to formulate a number of recommendations. The prevention of juvenile delinquency is one of the leading directions throughout the prevention of crime. The effective prevention of them is essential to protect the younger generation's moral health.
Keywords: minors, juvenile delinquency, commission on minors' affairs and protection of their rights.
ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КОМИССИИ ПО ДЕЛАМ НЕСОВЕРШЕННОЛЕТНИХ ПО РАБОТЕ С ТРУДНЫМИ ПОДРОСТКАМИ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ НИЖНЕКАМСКОГО МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО РАЙОНА)
Тухватуллина М.А.
Оценка эффективности деятельности Комиссий по делам несовершеннолетних и защите их прав по работе с трудными подростками на сегодняшний день является весьма актуальной в связи с ростом подростковой преступности. В статье проведена оценка деятельности Комиссии по делам несовершеннолетних и защите их прав по различным направлениям их работы, включая и работу с подростками, склонными к совершению правонарушений. На конкретном примере проведены качественный и количественный анализ показателей деятельности и на этой основе выявлены «узкие» места в деятельности. Исследование показало, что на фоне успешной реабилитационной работы с трудными подростками профилактике с подростками группы риска внимание уделяется недостаточно. Выявленные проблемы позволили сформулировать ряд рекомендаций. Главное направление: усиление профилактики преступлений несовершеннолетних. Их эффективное предупреждение является существенным условием охраны нравственного здоровья подрастающего поколения.
Ключевые слова: несовершеннолетние, правонарушения несовершеннолетних, комиссия по делам несовершеннолетних.
One of the priorities of social policy of modern democratic constitutional state is the establishment of an appropriate system of the observance and achievement of children's rights - the most important potential of any country, which in turn implies formation and support of an effective institution of legal children's protection. One of these institutions is the Commission on minors' affairs and protection of their rights.
It is a necessary and significant part of functional operating system of prevention of child neglect and juvenile delinquency.
The work of local self-government bodies on prevention of juvenile delinquency cooperating with state government bodies, non-governmental organizations that operate in Nizhnekamsk municipal district, in general is purposeful and comprehensive.
Let us monitor juvenile delinquency in Nizhnekamsk municipal district, which allows us to evaluate the results of the work of the Commission on minors' affairs and protection of their rights by the NMD Executive committee.
The first indicator to be estimated is the proportion (percentage) of minors who are registered in commissions on minors' affairs and protection of their rights, to the total number of minors living in the area. A decrease of the proportion of minors who are registered in district commissions on minors' affairs and protection of their rights to the total amount of child population may suggest that all departments and agencies in the system of prevention of child neglect and juvenile delinquency work effectively, while an increase of this indicator suggests the opposite. The dynamics of this indicator is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
The dynamics of the proportion of the minors, who are registered in the commissions on minors' affairs and protection of their rights, to the total num-
ber of minors living in the district area
2010 2011 2012
The number of minors living in the district area 52736 52736 54790
The number of minors registered in the commission on minors' affairs 65 51 62
Calculated index 0,12 0,10 0,11
The stability of the indicator (Table 1) may be regarded as having a stagnation of the work, the lack of use of innovative technologies.
The next important indicator which characterizes the activity of the commission on minors' affairs and protection of their rights is the dynamics of identifying some families suffering considerable hardships and being in socially dangerous situations (Figure 1).
The decrease of number of the families suffering considerable hardships and being in socially dangerous situations, as well as the number of children in them, suggests the fact that in recent years the commissions on minors' affairs and protection of their rights put an emphasis on strengthening the work about identification of dysfunctional families as early as possible.
Figure 1. Dynamics of identifying some families suffering considerable hardships and being in socially dangerous situations
The work efficiency of the commission is directly related and depends on the level public confidence to its activities. Consequently, let us analyze such indicator as
the administration of complaints and petitions by the commission on minors' affairs and protection of their rights (Table 2).
Table 2
The administration of complaints and petitions
2010 2011 2012
Total, including: 243 181 234
minors 0 0 1
parents 21 2 1
other citizens 19 6 8
other institutions 203 173 224
As it can be seen in Table 2, the citizens do not almost apply to the commission on minors' affairs and protection of their rights. This fact may indicate the ineffective awareness-raising work of the institution.
As you know the commission on minors' affairs plays the coordinating role in working with minors, and one of its functions is the supervising function. The implementation of supervising functions by the commission on minors' affairs is repre4sented in Table 3.
Table 3
The implementation of the supervising functions by the commission on minors' affairs and protection of their rights
2010 2011 2012
Carried out inspections, including: 31 46 55
- department of juvenile services 0 0 0
- educational institutions 13 12 11
- guardianship authorities 1 0 0
- community based youth clubs 0 10 16
- departments of culture and sports 5 4 7
- specialized institutions for juveniles, departments of education 0 0 0
- specialized institutions of social protection 1 0 0
- factories, institutions 4 8 3
- other 7 12 18
Despite the fact that every year the supervising function of the Commission is intensified we note that the work with the Department of juvenile services, guardianship authorities, specialized institutions for juveniles and specialized institutions of social protection has not been established yet. It is not a lack of commission's activity, but the imperfection between these regulatory bodies and the Commission on minors' affairs and protection of their rights.
The important indicator of the Commission's work is the efficiency of work with minors who are registered in commissions on minors' affairs and protection of their rights (Figure 2).
This is the main indicator of evaluation of the effectiveness of all departments and agencies in the system of prevention of child neglect and juvenile delinquency, and first of all - of the commissions on minors' affairs and protection of their rights. This criterion is used to identify how the individual preventive work with minors, who are already controlled by the commissions, is organized. As it can be seen in Figure 2 the effective work for preventing recurrence has been established well by the commission on minors' affairs and protection of their rights, the proportion of reconsideration of cases does not exceed 1% and is reducing every year.
0,99
805
0,56
718
0,69
435
1
The number of reviewed cases of juveniles % of the cases reviewed
including the reconsideration of cases
4
3
8
2
3
Figure 2. Reviewing of juveniles' cases
Based on the evaluation of indicators, the efficiency of the Commission's activity can be estimated as average, first of all this indicator is reduced due to low rates, the work of the Commissions on minors' affairs, and also evaluating the work of eliminating the causes and conditions leading to neglect, offenses and juvenile delinquency.
Summarizing the analysis of the Commission's work by the NMD Executive committee, we can note that a large amount of work with juvenile offenders is annually made by the Commission and its subordinate authorities, but we can also distinguish some disadvantages of this activity. They are primarily the following:
Firstly, the activity of the Commission on minors' affairs and protection of their rights is focused primarily on the identification of juvenile delinquency and taking actions as appropriate. Little attention is paid to the prevention of juvenile crime and this is the main reason for increasing the number of these offenses;
And, secondly, the prevention of recurrence is basically used out of four major components of the prevention of juvenile delinquency (early, direct prevention, prevention of minors' negative behavior and prevention of recurrence) in the Commission's activity, resulting in registration of all juvenile offenders.
Let us note that the prevention of crime and juvenile delinquency as a constantly operating system has the following main steps:
- early prevention improves the quality of our lifestyle and helps the minors who found themselves in unfavorable living conditions and conditions of education, even before the negative effect of these conditions will affect the behavior of these people;
- direct prevention protects the minors from committing crimes and provides the correction of juveniles with noncriminal misconduct;
- prevention of minors' negative behavior protects them from committing crimes and creates the conditions to correct minors who regularly commit crimes, the nature and intensity of which point to the possibility of committing the crime in the near future;
- prevention of recurrence prevents possible cases of recurrence of minors who committed the crime earlier.
So, at present the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency acquired an acute socio-economic and moral significance. Contrary to the stereotypical assertion that the majority of crimes committed by juveniles are classified as of little or average gravity, most of them (about 90 %) are classified as heinous crimes or of average gravity, which reinforces the importance of this problem.
The prevention of juvenile delinquency is one of the leading directions throughout the prevention of crime. The effective prevention of them is essential to protect the younger generation's moral health.
Delinquency and negative social behavior deviation of minors should be considered a crime. Criminality and negative social deviance (alcoholism, drug addiction, substance abuse, prostitution, vagrancy, neglect of children and juvenile delin-
quency, etc.) are interrelated and have some common determinants. That is why many scholars consider that the prevention of crime should be started with the prevention of negative social deviance and minor offenses.
DATA ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Tukhvatullina Marina Aleksandrovna, Professor of Department of state and municipal administration, sociology and management, Ph.D. in Sociological Science
Nizhnekamsk Chemical Technology Institute
47, Stroiteley street, Nizhnekamsk, Tatarstan republic, 423570, Russia e-mail: antina.nk@mail.ru
ДАННЫЕ ОБ АВТОРЕ
Тухватуллина Марина Александровна, доцент кафедры Государственного и муниципального управления, социологии и менеджмента, кандидат социологических наук
Нижнекамский химико-технологический институт (филиал) ФГБОУ ВПО «Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет » пр. Строителей д. 47, г. Нижнекамск, респ. Татарстан, 423570, Россия e-mail: antina.nk@mail.ru
