CC BY
8
Accounting". [Electronic resource]: Access mode: http: //consultant .ru 3. Mamedova M.S. Financial reporting in the 21st century - what should it be? / International scientific competition of young accountants, analysts and auditors. -Moscow, 2017.
УДК 356.41
Mirzaabdullayeva G.M. The teacher of the department« Management» Namangan Engineering Construction Institute
Uzbekistan, Namangan tity ESSENCE AND TYPES OF COMPETITION
Abstract: This article discusses the nature and types of competition. The concept of competitiveness is explained by examples.
Keywords: capital, economy, investment activity, market, inflation
Мирзаабдуллаева Г.М. преподаватель кафедра « Менеджмент» Наманганский инженерно-строительный институт
Узбекистан, г. Наманган СУЩНОСТЬ И ВИДЫ КОНКУРЕНЦИИ
Аннотация: В этой статье обсуждается характер и типы конкуренции. Понятие конкурентоспособности объясняется примерами.
Ключевые слова: капитал, экономика, инвестиционная деятельность, рынок, инфляция
The most important characteristic of the market is competition as a form of mutual competition between market actors and a mechanism for regulating social production.
The concept of competition in translation from Latin means a collision, competition. In translation into the economic language, competition is a struggle between market participants for obtaining the maximum effect, for a profitable transaction, i.e. it is a rivalry between people, firms, organizations, territories, interested in achieving the same goal.
Competition (Latin concurrere - compete) - rivalry between market participants for the best conditions of production, purchase and sale of goods. Such an inevitable clash is generated by objective conditions: complete economic isolation of each market entity, its complete dependence on the economic conjuncture and confrontation with other bidders for the greatest revenue.
Competition - a public form of collision of market economy entities in the process of realizing their individual economic interests.
The term "competition" entered the economic theory from the spoken language from the Latin word "concurrentia", meaning "collision", "competition". In the economy, competition is defined as follows.
"Competition is a situation where there are several alternative directions for the use of a rare good, in which various groups of people who are fighting for the right to dispose of this good are interested."
Interpretation of the concept of competition in economic science
The interpretation of the notion of competition in economic science passed several stages. Classical economic theory was characterized by a behavioral approach. In particular, A. Smith understood the essence of competition as a set of mutually independent attempts by various sellers to establish control in the market. Consequently, the emphasis was on the behavior of sellers and buyers, which was characterized by honest, without collusion, rivalry for better terms of sale or purchase of goods. At the same time, the main object of competition was prices.
Along with the behavioral interpretation since the end of the nineteenth century, another, structural concept of competition began to penetrate economic theory, which subsequently came to the fore. Among its authors were F. Edgeworth, A. Cournot, J. Robinson, E. Chamberlin. The positions of these scientists in modern Western economics are so strong that the term "competition" itself is most often used in the structural sense. The market is called competitive, when the number of firms selling a homogeneous product is so large and the share of a particular company on the market is so small that no firm alone can significantly affect the price of a product by changing the volume of sales.
Thus, with a structural approach, the emphasis shifts from the very struggle of firms with each other to analyze the structure of the market, those conditions that prevail in it.
Classics, speaking of competition, had in mind only perfect competition, within which the interdependence of sellers is so small that it can be neglected. In a competitive market, all firms are independent of each other in the sense that the actions of one do not have any noticeable effect on the behavior of other firms. With such competitive behavior, no firm can become a market leader, that is, no monopoly is possible.
Later, the spectrum of market structures analyzed by economists was expanded, and it became necessary to clearly delineate the concepts of "competition" and "rivalry." In modern terms, the term "rivalry" refers to the actual behavior of market agents aimed at gaining a leading position (different from others) in the market and is used to characterize the sphere of activity of businessmen, entrepreneurs, and not for a qualitative description of the structure of the market. The term "competition", in turn, is used to characterize the model, the structure of the market.
In addition to the behavioral and structural interpretation of competition, in economic theory there is also a functional approach to competition, as well as the characteristics of competition as a "discovery procedure."
A functional approach to the definition of competition is associated, in particular, with the name of the Austrian economist J. Schumpeter. In his theory of economic development, he defined competition as the struggle between the old
and the new. This struggle is led by entrepreneurs who organize production, laying new ways, implementing new combinations of resources. According to Schumpeter, the entrepreneur's task is to implement innovations, fight routine, not do what others do, become a "creative destroyer." Then he can win in a competitive struggle, ousting from the market those entrepreneurs who use obsolete technologies or produce products that are not in demand.
Such a universal battle is fought on three fronts. One front we find among the sellers. All of them tend to profit from the sale of goods and at the same time do not miss the opportunity to "beat off" buyers from their rivals.
Another front is unfolding among buyers who are interested in profitable purchase of products and at the same time are ready to "squeeze" other bidders for the product they need.
Finally, the main front of the "battle" takes place between the army of sellers and the army of buyers, standing on opposite positions with respect to the price level. The first of them wants to sell their products more expensively, and the second - to buy things at a lower price.
Freedom of choice, which is realized in the form of everyone's desire to receive money income for themselves, is the basis for competition or economic competition.
Competition is the main regulatory mechanism in a market economy. This is the force that subordinates the producers and suppliers of resources to the dictates of the buyer or the sovereignty of the consumer.
When the competition is the decision of many sellers and buyers on the supply and demand determine market prices. This means that individual manufacturers and suppliers can only adapt to the desires of customers, which the market system registers and brings to the attention of sellers. Competitive producers, obeying the will of the market system, are expected to profit and strengthen their positions; the lot of those who violate the laws of the market are losses and, ultimately, bankruptcy.
Free competition as competition is one of the most important ways and means of increasing the effectiveness of the market economic system in general and all its links in particular.
Competition - a strong means of the equation of supply and demand and the achievement of an equilibrium price - the most effective market price.
The struggle of private commodity owners for economic survival and prosperity is the law of the market. The key to the quantitative expression of the law of competition is the difference between the cash proceeds from the sale of products at market prices and the individual costs of its production, the possibility of selling the product at a profit. Such an opportunity appears when the individual value is lower than the social value.
Used sources:
1. Адашев А. У. КОРХОНАЛАРДА ИННОВАЦИОН РИВОЖЛАНИШИНИНГ ТАРКИБИЙ АСОСЛАРИ //Научное знание современности. - 2017. - №. 4. - С. 8-12.
2. Адашев А. У., Аскаралиев А. СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯМ И ЦЕННОСТЯМ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ //Теория и практика современной науки. - 2017. - №. 2. - С. 28-30.
3. Шакирова Г. Ш. Повышение эффективности корпоративного управления на предприятиях в условиях модернизации экономики //Молодой ученый. -2014. - №. 8. - С. 635-636.
4. Шакирова Г. Ш. Некоторые вопросы совершенствования корпоративного управления в Узбекистане //Молодой ученый. - 2015. - №. 10. - С. 848-850.
5. Шакирова Г. Ш. Мотивация труда работников в сфере деятельности малого бизнеса и частного предпринимательства //Молодой ученый. - 2016. - №. 11. - С. 1074-1076.
УДК330.101
Qurbonov Ja.P.
Sotvoldiyev E.M.
Andijon Agricultural Institute Uzbekistan, Andijan city FORMATION OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE
Abstract: This article discusses the structure, purpose and function of economic science
Keywords: Structure, economy, function
Курбонов Ж.П.
Сотволдиев Э.М.
Андижанский Сельскохозяйственный Институт
Узбекистан, г. Андижан ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ
Аннотация: В этой статье обсуждается структура, цель и функция экономические науке
Ключевые слова: структура, экономика, функция
The history of economic thought is closely connected with the history of the national economy. Man has always sought to learn the secrets of economic processes, to learn how to regulate them in the right directions. Already in the ancient world, interest in economic life was reflected, reflected in the works of Xenophon, Plato, Aristotle, other scientists of the ancient world, in the works of the thinkers of ancient Egypt, China, India. It was the ancient thinkers who introduced the name of the science of "economy" into circulation, which in Greek means "oikos" - a house, a farm, a "nomos" teaching, a law.
Xenophon (about 430-355 BC) a representative of ancient Greek economic thought, a historian, a philosopher, became an ideologist of the class of slaveholders. Agriculture, based on slave labor, he regarded as a natural phenomenon. He substantiated the division of physical and mental labor: the executors of slaves, the leaders of slaveholders. One of the first he drew attention
