CC BY
5
УДК 574
Tadjibayeva D. senior teacher Mirkhomitov M. student
The Fergana branch of the Tashkent university
Information technology
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH POLLUTION OF
THE BIOSPHERE
Abstract: This article contains materials about environmental problems associated with pollution of the biosphere and their consequences impact on the living organism of the biosphere.
Keywords: Biosphere, source of pollution, inartificial, artificial synthetic, greenhouse effect, changes in atmospheric circulation.
Аннотация: В данной статье содержится материал загрезнения окружающей среды источники загрезнеия и их последствия воздействия на живой организм биосферы.
Ключевые слова: Биосфера, источники загрязнения, естественный, ис^^венный, парниковый эффект, изменения атмосферной циркуляции.
Initially Land had no gaseous shell: the formation of the atmosphere due to geological and geochemical processes caused by volcanic activity, followed by offsets from the deep subsurface nitrogenand carbon dioxide.
Before the advent of life on Earth were the main parts of the atmosphere: methane, ammonia and water vapor. Approximately 1.8 billion years ago, as a result of the life of bacteria and then plants, the evolution of the atmosphere began, accompanied by an increase in free oxygen in it.
The first scientific work, in which the idea of the atmosphere is generalized, is connected with Aristotle, who expressed the view that the Earth is a sphere and that therefore the air envelope surrounding our planet must be spherical. This is expressed by the word atmosphere (Greek atmosphere - steam, breathing, sphere -ball). In Russian science this word was introduced by MV Lomonosov.
The cleanest air is above the ocean. In villages and villages it contains dustlike impurities 10 times more, air is dirtier 35 times over villages and small towns, and clouds heavier than smog are floating above industrial centers. They contain dust 150 times more than over the ocean. Polluted air over large cities extends to a height of 1.5 to 2.0 km. This dense cap holds up to 20% in the summer sun, and in winter, when so little light, absorbs half of it.
Emissions of vehicles. The total number of cars in the world is about 6-7 million. By burning a huge amount of oil, they cause enormous damage to the environment and human health. One vehicle absorbs an average of 4 tons annually. Oxygen and emits the exhaust gases of about 800 kg of carbon dioxide, about 40 kg of nitrogen oxides and almost 200 kg of various hydrocarbons. In big cities, cars give over 40% of the total amount of air pollution, and in some cities
even up to 80% or more.
For industrial pollution include ferrous and nonferrous metals, coal, oil and petroleum, petrochemical industry, building materials, chemical industry, etc.
As a result of atmospheric pollution, it is possible to consider the following issues that are global in nature:
Greenhouse effect - is due to the fact that carbon dioxide, which acts like a natural way, and the combustion of fossil fuels, and the product of industrial production, absorb in the infrared region of the spectrum, it affects the optical parameters of temperature and atmospheric conditions.
Destruction of the ozone layer of the Earth. Ozone is one of the important gases of the atmosphere. Despite the low quantitative content, this gas has a significant eco-biological significance. This is due to the fact that it actively absorbs short-wave ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun and determines not only the temperature regime of the atmosphere, but also is a shielding shield from UV radiation, which is extremely dangerous for all life on Earth.
A topical issue is the destructive effect of chlorofluorocarbons (freons) on the ozone layer, which are widely used in everyday life and 95% of which sooner or later enter the atmosphere. There from the freons under the influence of ultraviolet radiation is released chlorine, leading to the destruction of ozone.
Changing atmospheric circulation, it is also associated with air pollution.
Atmospheric pollution is estimated IZA (index of air pollution), which has the following values:
I - is extremely dangerous; II - a very dangerous; III - dangerous; IV - raises concerns.
In Uzbekistan, observations of the level of atmospheric air pollution for the implementation of the pollution monitoring program are being conducted in 19 cities at 46 stationary points. In Tashkent such points 11, it is planned to create several more survey points.
Hydrosphere - water shell of the Earth, which is a combination of the oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, ponds, wetlands, groundwater.
Water is a valuable natural resource and a necessary condition for the reproduction of the living organic world. It plays an exceptionally important role in the metabolic processes that form the basis of life. Water plays an enormous role in industrial and agricultural production. Water is a part of the human body, of all plants and animals.
Lithosphere - upper hard shell of the Earth, with the depth gradually turning into a sphere with a lower strength material. Includes the Earth's crust and the upper mantle of the Earth. Power its 50 200 km, including the Earth's crust up to 50 km 75 on land and 10 km on the ocean floor.
The land occupies 29.2% of the surface of the globe and includes lands of various categories.
Many of the most important elements of modern civilization are found in very small quantities - mercury, uranium, gold, silver. Since minerals are a non-
renewable resources , it is natural that the development of deposits, whose intensity has been steadily increasing, leading to progressive depletion of the Earth's interior. As a result of the development of mineral deposits disappear from the depths, and mined minerals in one form or another are dispersed in the biosphere and beyond.
The equipment is designed to work in hostile environments, competing plastic with stainless steel. The more substitutes, the more natural resources left for future generations.
Subsoil users are obliged to ensure
■ □The completeness of geological study, rational and complex use and protection of subsoil.
■ □ safe conduct of work on the use of mineral resources.
■ □the protection of the atmosphere, the waters, the earth's surface and other objects from the harmful effects of works related to subsoil
■ □ Reduction of the disturbed land to a safe and suitable for the state of the economy.
References:
1. Fundamentals of Ecology and Environmental Protection / A.G.Bannikov, A.A. Vakulin, A.K.Rustamov - M.."Kolos", 2003.
2. Ecology and Life sarety: Textbook for student of higher educational institutions. L.A. Muraviy, 2002.
