CC BY
9
UDK 004.02:004.5:004.9
Oolova M.J. student
Uzbekistan State World Languages University
Isoqova D.I. student
Tashkent State Pedagogical University
DEPLETION OF THE OZONE LAYER AND ITS NEGATIVE
CONSEQUENCES
Abstract: In this article, paramount data about the causes of ozone layer depletion is carried out. As a result of ozone layer erosion, the climate and nature of the entire planet may alter and the conditions for living organisms to live may change. Recommendations are being scrutinized to determine and analyze geological changes in the ozone layer. Humankind also have a pivotal role in happening problems that arise. These issues are named anthropogenic problems. Ozone is constantly formed from the oxygenated air in the atmosphere of our planet. The upper layers of the atmosphere are a natural space for the formation of ozone. This thesis elaborates on scientists views on how catastrophic this global problem is.
Key words: ozone layer, anthropogenic, ozone hole, Freon.
INTRODUCTION
The relationship between nature and society intensified in the middle of the last century. The main reasons are that humans have not mastered the laws of nature well in the use of natural resources and utilized them inefficiently. Erosion of ozone layer is one of the global problems. Ozone substances have been identified by german scientist Sheynben in 1939. In the 1970s, scientists have repeatedly mentioned the depletion of ozone layer. The main reason is that the fight against to this problem is uppermost. In our first president's work, it is given as follows "In the phase of centuries connected, the whole of humanity, the population of our country encountered a great environmental threat. Not realizing it is tantamount to condemn oneself to death". In 2006, our first President Karimov introduced the laws "On ratification at the amendment to the Monreal Protocal on ozone depleting substances (Beijing, December 3, 1993)". The presence of ozone layer in the upper part of the atmosphere was determined by the British scientist Gartli. University of California scientists Mario Molina and Frink Sherved have offered a novel method to detect ozone layer. Climate changes occurring at the moment are leading to decrease of people's immunity and a variety of diseases.
1. The impact of the human factor on nature.
The beginning of human s influence on nature dates to the Neolithic period. In the rudimentary stages of humans' history, their effect on nature was negligible. If they took something from nature. They returned it to nature. The didn't disturb periodic circulation of substances in nature. Step by step, influence on nature has grown gradually. Over the 100 years, as a result of scientific technological revolution, the biogenic migration of elements under human influence has intensified. Throughout history, humanity with their labour activities has tried to take more advantage from the environment as much as possible. People have not think carefully about what the consequences of interfering with natural phenomena would be. In the next century, the impact of humans on the biosphere has been greatly intensified and has led to insidious problems. Natural resources are dwinding. The environment is polluted and poisoned by industrial, domestic waste, harmful and chemical substances. In fact that people do not have a good understanding of the laws of nature changes and thus, they lead to very tragic alterations in the external environment. The increasing impact of people on the hydrosphere and atmosphere is leading to climate changes within the biosphere. Particularly, in the next years, the amount of carbon dioxide is increasing more and more in the atmosphere. The use of fossil fuels induces to a decrease in the combustion of oxygen and an increase in carbon dioxide. The surface temperature of the Earth was determined to rise an average of 0,6.
2. Negative effects of ozone layer.
Climate changes are causing the extent of deserts to expand, glaciers in the mountains to melt and ocean as well as sea levels to decline. There is the ozone layer in the atmosphere, its maximum concentration is 20-25 km above the Earth's surface.
The ozone is derived from the Greek word for allotropic form of odor-releasing oxygen. The ozone was first discovered in 1785 by the Dutch physicist Van Marun, when electric sparks were passed through the air produced a peculiar odor and had oxidizing properties. The ozone is in very small amounts in the air and increases as it moves away from the Earth's surface. It is utilized in the purification of drinking water due to its oxidizing, disinfecting and bactericidal properties, and in the blenching of oil and paper as an oxidant in the food industry. The increase of nitrogen dioxide and Freon has been leading to the depletion of the ozone layer for several years. Freon is widely used as a sprayer of varnishes and paints, as a coolant in refrigerators and air conditioners. In recent years there have been causing tragic and turbulent events such as the formation of " ozone holes" due to the erotion of ozone in the atmosphere of Antarctica. The depletion of the Earth's atmosphere in the ozone layer was first observed over Antarctica in 1895 and then Arctic in 1992. The ozone layer is thought to be the consequence of anthropogenic effects of human activities, including the widespread use of chlorinated coolants (freon), which depletes the ozone layer,in industry and in every day life. The Vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer was
adopted in 1985, and Monreal Protocol in 1987. In 1987, in Monreal, Canada representatives of 50 countries signed an international agreement to reduce freon production by an average of 50 percent. The expansion and proliferation of ozone layer holes are one of the most global problems of humankind. The issue was brought to the attention of the world public opinion by British scholars 25 years ago. When many people do not pay attention to the " word in the sky" the significance of the ozone layer, how important it is for our planet, has been repeatedly proven by scientists. Ozone is a very toxic substance and is nothing more than a poison from the point of view of our daily lifetime. This substance which is formed by the bombardment of oxygen by the Sun's rays, protects from the gangerous ultraviolet rays of the Sun. That is to say, ozone layer is the Earth's own protective shield.
3.Scientists' theories about ozone depletion.
There are several theories on the reasons of decay of this layer. At first, scientists deduced that ozone would be depleted under the influence high-altitude rockets and aircrafts. They later acknowledged that the toxic gases emitted into the atmosphere by chemical plants, freons chlorofluorocarbons are the most dangerous substance of ozone. The erosition of the ozone layer has a negative impact not only on humanity, but also on natural processes. Hundred millions of tons of pollutants are released into the atmosphere every year. From this we can see that, the toxic gases emitted by man-made plants, factories and industrial enterprises are causing ozone depletion. As a result, global warming and the increase of acid rains are observed. Despite the fact that the total amount of ozone in the atmosphere is only 0,0001 percent, it increases the reach of dangerous ultraviolet rays to the Earth by 2 percent. What problems will arise as a result of this destruction not only for people, but also for nature.
-As a result of layer erosion, large amount of solar radiation reach the Earth's surface.
-Mankind is diagnosed with skin cancer. Doctors say the treatment of this type of cancer is very complicated.
-There is a decline in the human immune system to fight against diseases.
-The eye which is the most important organ of mankind is damaged.
-Productivity decreases. The trees will dry out even if care for.
-Ultraviolet rays poison creatures in the world oceans and plants. CONCLUSION
Whether this will lead to more negative consequences in the future. According to experts, in February, the total amount of ozone layer risk reached a low value. The erosion in 2011 led to an increase in ultraviolet radiation levels in many parts of the northern hemisphere. Further depletion of the ozone layer shortens human life. In 1994, the UN General Assembly declared September 16 as International Ozone Protection Day. On September 16, 1987, representatives of 36 countries signed the document restricting or suspending the production of ozone-depleting substances. The Earth planet is like a giant ship carrying 7,5
billion passengers. The catastrophe of this ship is equal to a tragedy for every passenger on board. Of course, the ozone conservation is not just the job of government agencies or large companies; it is the duty of all human beings. If all humanity unites and solves this problem, we can achieve the expected result. Let's unite for our bright future.
References:
1. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan " On water and water use", 1993.
2. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Nature Protection", 1992.
3. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On protection of atmospheric air ", 1996.
4. Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer, 1993.
5. National Action Plan to combat Desertification, 1999.
