CC BY
10
UDK - 914-919
DOI 10.46566/2225-1545_2020_78_23
Abdunazarov H.M.
Associate Professor of Geography Department
Termez State University Uzbekistan, Termez Choriev A. Q.
Lecturer at the Department of Geography Termez State University Uzbekistan, Termez Embergenov N.J., PhD Associate Professor Karakalpak State University Uzbekistan, Nukus Oteuliev M.O., Doctoral Candidate Karakalpak State University Uzbekistan, Nukus
ISSUES OF HUMAN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
Abstract. This article describes the emergence of ecological problems as a result of the imbalance between nature and society due to the negative impact of human activities since the middle of the twentieth century, their catastrophic consequences, the causes of local, regional and global environmental problems, climate change, greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, the negative impact of desertification and other environmental problems on the nature of our planet, environmental problems associated with the drying of the Aral Sea, the work being done in the Republic of Uzbekistan on ecologically sustainable development of the Aral Sea region.
Keywords: ecological balance, sustainable development, local, regional, global environmental problems, climate change, ozone depletion, desertification, degradation, smogopolis.
Human is born, grows and dies in the bosom of nature. Mother Nature is a living space for human and other living beings, in which there are living conditions for all living things. It is known that in the early days of human civilization, man's influence on nature was very weak, because during this period man did not fully understand the causes of events in the universe or the environment in which he lived. Especially since the middle of the last century, the rapid growth of the world's population, the growing demand for natural resources, the irrational use of natural resources, the development of new lands for agricultural purposes, industrial production and the development of urbanization
have led to environmental problems.The twentieth century was a period in the development of human civilization when human society began to dominate nature, which is explained by the emergence of unbalanced environmental problems in nature and the terrible consequences associated with it.
At present, scientists divide the environmental problem into local, regional, global problems according to the territorial scale. But the environmental problem will not be big or small. Because even natural phenomena that take place in a small area will have an impact on our planet.
During the twentieth century, human activities led to the development of new lands for agricultural purposes, the growing demand for timber products, the sharp decline of forest areas, desertification due to irrational use of land resources, pollution of earth surface water and air with increasing industrial production. Furthermore, in large cities, due to emissions from industrial enterprises and transport networks, "smogopolis" polluted cities and acid rain, which consists of toxic gases emitted into the atmosphere, have a negative impact on the environment. In addition, the negative impact of man on the ocean environment has led to the pollution of the world's ocean waters. The most unfortunate, "greenhouse effect" is an increase in the amount of toxic gases emitted into the atmosphere, which leads to an increase in the average global temperature, resulting in the melting of entire glaciers and floods in different regions. Another global environmental problem that poses a serious threat to the life of living things on Earth is the depletion of the ozone layer.
Satellite data in recent years have shown that the area of ozone holes in Antarctica and its surrounding sky is 5 million square kilometers. This has a strong impact on life on earth, especially on human health. In particular, 11,000 people have been diagnosed with skin cancer due to ozone depletion in the skies of New Zealand, which has a total population of 3 million. According to the data, if the ozone layer is reduced by 1 percent, the passage of ultraviolet light through the atmosphere will double.
How does ozone depletion occur? By the way, millions of discarded containers, toxins such as freon in refrigerators and freezers rise to the top, releasing chlorine, which is highly active, as a result of ultraviolet light. These chlorine particles immediately combine with ozone and decompose it[3].
At present, scientists around the world are calling for the solution of existing environmental problems at the level of international cooperation. In the Central Asian region, especially in Uzbekistan, effective positive work has been carried out in the field of nature protection since the early years of independence.
Due to the drying of the Aral Sea, many fish farms, fish processing enterprises and river transport in the region have ceased operations. Problems such as river water pollution and the provision of clean drinking water to the population due to the deterioration of the ecological situation have led to an increase in various infectious diseases among the population and a number of social problems in the region [4].
In recent years, a consistent policy has been pursued to improve the environmental situation in the Aral Sea region. In particular, the construction of modern buildings and industrial and social facilities in the region, and most importantly, the supply of clean drinking water to remote villages and the city of Muynak.
In this regard, President Sh. Mirziyoyev said, "If you look at the map of Karakalpakstan, you will see that it is located between the vast desert: Karakum and Kyzylkum, and the surrounding areas are called Barsa-kelmes, Kumbaskan, Koykirilgan, Kanlikul. Naturally, the names of these places are indicative of the tragic tragedies of the past. Today, the landscape here is completely changing, that is, all the cities and districts, villages and auls are becoming more beautiful, modern enterprises, educational, medical, cultural and sports facilities, communication networks are being built " [1].
On the initiative of President, the planting of saxaul (halaxylon) seedlings in the dry part of the Aral Sea has begun. In this regard, according to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 15, 2019 "On measures to accelerate the establishment of green areas -protective forests in arid areas of the Aral Sea", reducing the negative impact of rising sand, salt and dust 100 billion soums have been allocated for measures to be taken in 2019 in order to effectively organize the construction and mitigate the negative impact of global climate change, the drying up of the Aral Sea, agricultural development and the lives activities of the population.
According to the resolution, 200,000 hectares will be planted in spring and 300,000 hectares in autumn. It is planned to plant 50,000 hectares of protected forests from seedlings and 450,000 hectares from seeds.
In early 2019, a total of 1,560 people attended the event, which involved 462 vehicles and 2 aircraft. As a result, saxaul seeds were sown on 266,000 hectares by aircraft, and 86.5 thousand hectares by tractors.
At the 75th session of the UN General Assembly, President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev once again drew the attention of the world community to the problem of the Aral Sea and expressed the following views.
"I would like to draw your attention once again to the catastrophic consequences of the drying up of the Aral Sea. The Aral Sea region has become the center of an environmental tragedy. To improve the current situation, we are doing a lot of work here to create two million hectares of new plantations and forests, to form a layer of soil.
At the initiative of our country, the United Nations Multilateral Trust Fund for Human Security has been established for the Aral Sea region. We hope that this fund will serve as a base platform for the international community to provide practical assistance to the population living in a difficult ecological zone. We propose to adopt a special resolution of the United Nations General Assembly declaring the Aral Sea region as a zone of environmental innovation and technology. It would be appropriate to celebrate the date of approval of this
important document as the International Day for the Protection and Restoration of Ecological Systems" [2].
In conclusion, it should be noted that the national environmental policy pursued in the country is aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of the ecological balance between nature and society. At the same time, the establishment of "green cover" in the arid areas of the Aral Sea will improve the ecological environment in the region. In particular, wind-powered sands are strengthened, leading to an increase in relative humidity in the air, and the biodiversity of flora and fauna is improved. Opportunities for the development of the livestock sector will be created.
This indicates that the country pursues a sustainable national environmental policy in the field of environmental protection in accordance with international environmental policy.
Reference:
1. Mirziyoev Sh. We will build our great future together with our brave and noble people. «Uzbekistan», T .: 2017. Page 213.
2. Speech by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev at the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly. Xalq so'zi newspaper, September 24, 2020. №202 (7704)
3. Alibekov L. Inson va tabiat. "Fan va texnologiya", T .: 2016. Pp. 34-35.
4. Izimbet R. Turdimambetov, Naurizbay J. Embergenov, Medetbay O. Oteuliev, Kuatbay K. Bekanov, Kamila A. Utarbaeva. 2020. Development Of Nosogeographic Maps Of The Republic Of Karakalpakstan Using GIS Technologies. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7 (8), 17921798. doi:10.31838/jcr.07.08.348
