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Национальная ассоциация ученых (НАУ) # 88, 2023
БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
THE RELEVANCE OF ECOLOGY AND THE LEGAL NORMS OF THE ECOLOGICAL SITUATION IN THE MODERN WORLD
Zaydieva L.M.senior teacher, of The Dagestan State University of National Economy,
Makhachkala
АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ ЭКОЛОГИИ И ПРАВОВЫЕ НОРМЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СИТУАЦИИ В
СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ
DOI: 10.31618/nas.2413-5291.2023.2.88.730
ABSTRACT
In this article, we consider global environmental problems are also relevant for Russia. It should be recognized that our country is one of the most polluted in the world. The global environmental problems of our time include: climate change, acid precipitation, photochemical smog, greenhouse effect, depletion of the ozone layer, desertification, deforestation, soil degradation, reduction of the biosphere gene pool, waste problems, etc.
Keywords: ecology, environmental problems, a global, a global, acquired.
Many environmental problems of relationships in the "man-nature" system have crossed the boundaries of national economies and acquired a global dimension. This means that soon environmental problems, not ideological ones, will be in the first place all over the world. Consequently, the relationship between nations and nature will dominate.
This affects the quality of life and adversely affects people's health. The emergence of environmental problems in Russia, as in other countries, is associated with the intense human influence on a global which has acquired a dangerous and aggressive character.
Air pollution
Industrial waste emissions worsen the state of the atmosphere. The combustion of automobile fuel, as well as the burning of coal, oil, gas, and wood, is negative for the air. Harmful particles pollute the ozone layer and destroy it. Once in the atmosphere, they cause acid rain, which in turn pollute the earth and reservoirs. All these factors are the cause of oncological and cardiovascular diseases of the population, as well as the extinction of animals. Air pollution also contributes to climate change, global warming and an increase in ultraviolet solar radiation.
Deforestation
In the country, the process of deforestation is almost uncontrolled, during which hundreds of hectares of green zone are cut down. The ecology has changed the most in the north-west of the country, and the problem of deforestation of Siberia is also becoming urgent. Many forest ecosystems are being modified to create agricultural land. This leads to the displacement of many species of flora and fauna from their habitats. The water cycle is disrupted, the climate becomes drier and a greenhouse effect is formed;
Water and soil pollution
Industrial and household waste pollute surface and groundwater, as well as soil. The situation is worsened by the fact that there are too few water treatment plants in the country, and most of the equipment used is outdated. Also, agricultural machinery and fertilizers deplete soils.
There is another problem - the pollution of the seas by spilled petroleum products. Every year, rivers and lakes pollute chemical industry waste. All these problems lead to a shortage of drinking water, since many sources are unsuitable even for the use of water for technical purposes.
It also contributes to the destruction of ecosystems, some species of animals, fish and birds are dying out.
Radioactive contamination At many nuclear power plants, the equipment is outdated and the situation is approaching catastrophic, because an accident can happen at any moment. In addition, radioactive waste is not sufficiently disposed of. Radioactive radiation of dangerous substances causes mutation and death of cells in the human body, animal, plant. Contaminated elements enter the body together with water, food and air, are deposited, and the effects of radiation can manifest themselves after a while.
The solution of environmental problems directly depends on the activities of government officials. It is necessary to control all areas of the economy so that all enterprises reduce their negative impact on the environment. We also need to develop and implement eco-technologies. They can also be borrowed from foreign developers. Today, drastic measures are required to solve environmental problems.
However, we must remember that a lot depends on ourselves: on lifestyle, saving natural resources and communal goods, hygiene and on our own choice. For example, everyone can throw out garbage, take waste paper, save water, put out a fire in nature, use reusable dishes, buy paper bags instead of plastic bags, read ebooks.
There are two main aspects of global environmental problems:
environmental crises arising as a consequence of natural processes;
environmental crises caused by anthropogenic impact and irrational use of natural resources.
The main problem of crisis situations is that the planet does not cope with the waste of human activity,
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with the function of self-healing and self-purification. Consider the various environmental pollutants that lead to environmental problems.
Atmospheric pollution is understood as the introduction of chemical, biological, physical substances uncharacteristic for it into the atmospheric air, or a change in their natural concentration.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 3.7 million people die every year in the world due to atmospheric air pollution. It has already been proven that the appearance of oncological diseases is mainly the result of polluted air. In particular, large megacities suffer. Since there are industrial enterprises, a large amount of exhaust gases, etc., however, pollutants can also get into the nearest areas by cross-border transfer of substances. There are natural (natural) and anthropogenic (artificial) sources of atmospheric pollution. Natural ones include volcanic eruptions, forest and steppe fires, dust, weathering processes, etc.
Pollution of the World Ocean. The role of the World Ocean is limitless. Firstly, the world Ocean is a source of fresh water, i.e., when salt water evaporates over the ocean, it rises up, and salt remains at the bottom, because salt is heavier than steam. Further, after the water cycle, already desalinated water enters the earth in the form of precipitation. Secondly, the ocean is the main source of oxygen, since about 70% of the oxygen entering the atmosphere is produced during the photosynthesis of plankton. Thirdly, the ocean contributes to some extent to the formation of climate and weather on Earth. Fifth, the ocean is a source of seafood and mineral resources. It is also used as a transport route.
Despite all the positive qualities of the role of the World Ocean for the life support of people, the ocean is irreparably damaged by man himself. The main pollutants of the ocean are oil and petroleum products. Oil pollution is dangerous because: firstly, when oil is spilled, a film forms on the ocean surface that prevents oxygen from penetrating to marine flora and fauna; secondly, oil itself is a toxic compound. The dumping of radioactive waste in the ocean is particularly dangerous.
Let's look at some ways to solve global environmental problems:
Ways to solve the problem of soil erosion: planting forests (shrubs and trees): trees and shrubs get in the way of the winds, and their roots bind the soil;
eco-friendly farming: organic fertilizers retain water better, preventing drying and weathering of the soil.
Ways to solve the problem of destruction of tropical forests:
land ownership reforms in countries where rainforests grow to save them from destruction;
control of cattle breeding and logging in tropical forests by reducing the demand of rich countries for meat and wood.
Reduction of minerals
One of the main environmental problems is the shortage of resources due to the increase in the
extraction of minerals: oil, coal, peat, shale. The development of natural fuel deposits and their processing on a large scale, necessary for the existence of people, at the same time causes irreparable harm to the environment due to the unfair attitude of entrepreneurs. The devastating consequences begin already at the stage of preparatory work: forests are being cut down in the area of the deposit; animals leave inhabited places; air and soil are polluted by equipment and machinery; there is a risk of accidents. Atmospheric pollution
The most important environmental problem is the shortage of clean air, the ingress into it of harmful emissions, exhaust gases with organic and inorganic particles, soot, harmful gases (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane). The culprits of this process:emissions from industrial enterprises; radioactive objects; vehicle exhaust gases. Atmospheric pollution leads to climate change, global warming, the emergence of the greenhouse effect and the destruction of the ozone layer. Destruction of the ozone layer Ozone is the upper part of the atmosphere that protects all living things from the negative effects of sunlight. The global environmental problem of the formation of ozone holes is caused by the release of halogen compounds and hydrocarbons, the destruction of ozone by aircraft engines and space rockets.
This causes an increase in ultraviolet radiation, which is dangerous for humans, plants and animals. In addition, direct rays lead to the death of oxygen-producing plankton. In recent decades, programs have been developed to preserve the ozone layer. Legal norms
Environmental law as a cumulative value of environmental protection norms arose in the Russian Federation in the 80s of the 20th century, when society began to think about the harm of uncontrolled use of natural resources. The norms of environmental law are prescribed: in the Constitution of the Russian Federation; in the Concept of socio-economic Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020; in the laws "On sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population", "On the protection of atmospheric air", etc.; in the codes (Land, Forest, etc.); in the legislative acts of the ecologized branches of law (civil, administrative, etc.). Legal documents should become the basis of the country's security. However, the problems of implementing regulations have consolidated the existing catastrophic situation in the field of environmental protection.
List of literature
https://ecoinform.ru/ask_pochemu-ekologicheskie-problemy-stali-naibolee-aktualny
http://viperson.ru/articles/aktualnost-ekologicheskih-problem-narastaet
https://airnanny.ru/blog/globalnyie-ekologicheskie-problemyi-sovremennosti/
https ://vyvoz. org/blog/globalnye-jekologicheskie-problemy-sovremennogo-mira/
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environmental policy and legislation on environmental environmental safety of the Russian Federation // protection // Environmental law. 2007. No. 2. p. 3 Journal of Russian Law". 2014. No. 7. p.3
