8Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
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ENLIGHTENERS' PHILOSOPHY AND ITS REFLECTION IN ENGLISH
LITERATURE
Rayhona Mansur kizi Ortiqboeva
A student at Chirchik state uedagogical university Scientific advisor: Eldorbek Erkin ugli Khamitov
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this thesis is to give more and clear information about The Age of Enlightenment as well as its historical background along with the writers of that period. In this instruction, enlighteners' philosophies and their reclection in English literature, both literary and religious notions and their causes through variety of examples, experiences were enlightened, clarified by the author.This documentation is recommended as a guidance and it gives a lot of useful info with readers.
Keywords: Age of Reason, deism, enlightenment, king Augustus, licencing act, neoclassicism, novel, tory, whig, writer.
INTRODUCTION
The Age of Enlightenment, which is very essential part of The History of English Literature, is also called The Age of Reason. This event dates back to the 18th century. One of the important aspects of this period is the compilation of first modern encycloedias which claimed to provide a compendium of the whole human knowledge. Another vital highlight of the enlightenment philosophy is its criticial of all forms of traditional authority which is associated with religion and feudalism. Enlightenment philosophy seeks to replace fear and superstition with consent and truth as well as looks forward to the establishment of a social order, which is based upon reason and natural law. Once the particularisms and belief are stripped away . A universal humanity will be revealed, and that human being will be capable of infinite perfectibility
FINDINGS
The Age of Reason was full of different occasions. During this age rational thought, logical reasoning was given a lot of importane. People focused on thinking, reasonin. It was period of wisdom and scientific thought. This time was also powered by scientific discoveries, such as discoveries by Isaac Newton. So, The Age of Enlightenment lso gave way to a new literary movement called the "neoclassicism" which was influenced by the scientisic thoughts of Isaak Newton.
April 23-24, 2024
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
The Age of Enlightenment is learned by dividing it into two halves. So, the first half that is 1700 to 1750 is known as the augustine age or the new classical age or the age of Pop. The English writers of this age used to imitate the classical roman writers who were writing during the reign of King Augustus. Therefore, it is called as the augustine agent, neoclassical age. Additionally, it is called as age of Pope because Alexander Pope was a major writer of this period.
The second half of The Age of Enlightenment that 1750 to 1798 is also known as the age of trancisition or pre-romanticism and this time was influenced by the french revolution, the american revolution along with the industrial revolution.
When it comes to the historical background of that period, at that time there were two main political parties -Whig and Tory wearing everyone's daily conversation. The Whig part fought for the personal freedom of peole in England, whereas the Tory party believed in the divine right of the king. Moreover, in 1007 there was an act of union, in which Scotland merged with England. Therefore, resulting in he formation of the Great Britain. In 1737 there was a Licencing Act was passed to cecor and control theatre. It was an act of hostility towards drama and theater. As a result, people started writing novels. Although the scientific revolution began in the elizabethan age. With Francis Bacon. It took the center stage in the Age of Enlightenment. Furthermore, there were major changes in religious views. In fact, Copernicus revealed that Sun is in the centre of Universe. This made people challenge the notions and authority to the Church. As a result, people stopped believing in magic and supernatural forces due to the discoveries of Law of Nature by Newton. People started questioning the existence of God. They also started believing in Deism - God does not interfere in the matters of human beings. They concidered God as a watcher, not a doer.
When it comes to literary features of this age, first of all, prose flourished. Then it was the age of Prose and Reason. There was a big rise in novel. Due to licencing act of 1737, writers started switching from drama to novel. As a result, there were many novelists during this period. Additionally, political writing especially pamphlets became popular because of different political opinions. Copy houses, political clubs also developed during that period. They became important part of social life. A number of writers started meeting in coffee houses which also led to the deveopment of magazines. There was a big rise in peiodical writing. In this time writers started writing satires to attack human vices and follies. The Ag of Enlightenmnt was when writers started publishing dictionaries. Samuel Johnson published "The Dictionary of English Literature'' in 1755.
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti
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Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
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During The Age of Reason there were a lot of writers, such as Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, Samuel Johnson and Samuel Richardson as well as Oliver Goldsmith, Thomas Gray along with William Blake. All of them had their own way to write, which not be found in anyone's way. CONCLUSION
This thesis is devoted to The Age of Enlightenment. It includes the widespread explanation of not only Age of Reason, but also its well-known writers along with the reflections and causes of that period.
REFERENCES
1. Baugh, A., Cable, T. A history of the English language. - London: Routledge, 2004.
2. Ifor Evans. Short history of English literature. - Penguin, UK.1999.
3. John Peck, Martin Coyle. A Brief History of English Literature. - MacMillan, 2002.
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