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41SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 6 I 2022 _ISSN: 2181-1601
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ENGLISH MOTION VERBS AND THEIR SEMANTIC FEATURES
Mokhira Olim kizi Holmatova
Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute 1st year Master's Student of Foreign Language and
Literature Department mohira2292974@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Motion verbs play an essential role in learning any language. The aim of this work is to describe English motion verbs and to analyze them semantically. This paper provides detailed semantic features of motion verbs.
Key words: category, manner, motion verbs, path, semantic features.
Within the sphere of linguistics, it is frequently possible to come across the concept of motion verbs. Let us firstly define what motion verbs are. Motion verbs are considered to be verbs that indicate motion and give the reader or listener an obvious understanding of what is taking place. It is widely known that verbs occupy much more space as opposed to the other parts of speech in the sentence. Different classifications of verbs are possible. For example, the English linguist Frawley divides verbs into four principal classes [1;57] namely,
1.Acts 2.States 3.Causes 4.Motion.
And because of the purposes of this article, motion, the last type of the classification above, has much essence in this research. It is not possible to utilize them in passive voice. "Go", "walk", "run", "swim" or "fly" can be the most widespread instances for motion verbs. It is clear that motion verbs are the categories which have been widely learned and observed in the area of linguistics, and have been divided into classes by semantic and syntactic approaches. Researchers such as Leonard Talmy and T. Matlock have also showed the necessity to think seriously about the cognitive models which speakers transfer to situations and which shape the basis for new inventive language.
Obviously, there are excessive numbers of motion verbs in English and have been well-investigated from syntactic, semantic and cognitive approaches. B. Levin [2] distinguishes Verbs of Inherently Directed Motion (to ascend, to tumble), Manner
of Motion Verbs (to roll, to creep), Verbs of Motion Using a Vehicle (to bus, to jeep), Waltz verbs (to foxtrot, to rumba, to waltz), Chase Verbs (to track, to follow), and Accompany Verbs (to escort, to guide). Movements of vehicles are required to explain this group of motion verbs which B. Levin mentions. New motion verbs by using zero derivation from nouns (bus, motor, ski) can easily be added to this category:
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VOLUME 3 I ISSUE 6 I 2022 ISSN: 2181-1601
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(1) We were bussed from the hotel to the airport. Here the verb to bus means to transport somebody by bus.
The recently coined motion-related verbs such as to skype, to google drift can be appropriate to this class for the reason that they were originated from the names of search engines or applications by means of which data moves or a user changes his/her position in virtual (online) space while seeking for information:
(2) I tried to search for information on Chrome and I came across lots of websites with reliable facts about France.
— Oh, you were google drifting.
The major point of this study is such kind of Active motion verbs. In this place google drift is indicating electronic movement in virtual space. Even though physical movement does not occur in virtual space, Internet users get information by googling and "travel" in it to a new place. L. Talmy refers to motion involving no physical occurrence as Active motion.
-The mountain range goes from Canada to Mexico [3, 104].
So far there have been a great number of arguments about the classification and semantic features of motion verbs. Same examples of motion verbs we consider are shown in Table 1, which categorizes the verbs according to Levin classes (Levin 1993).
[4]
VIDMs Roll Run Force Carry
arrive float jump press carry
enter roll run pull lug
escape slide slide push pull
exit rotate walk push
turn
Table 1 : Levin Classes of Verbs Involving Motion. These verbs are grouped in accordance with their syntactic behavior, which is taken to be a reflection of their underlying semantic properties.
It would be correct if we pay a special attention to verb-framed languages and satellite-framed languages before mentioning the semantic features of motion verbs. The terms verb-framing and satellite-framing are used for two different types of languages or constructions [5]:
In verb-framed constructions, information about a path of movement is expressed in a verb (e.g. exit, enter, pass), whereas in satellite-framed constructions, information about a path is expressed outside the verb (by satellite), e.g. by adverbial particles (out,
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in, past). In verb-framed languages, manner of motion is represented in a structure associated with the main verb: -enter running; -exit on the tips of toes.
However, in satellite-framed languages, the manner is usually indicated in the main verb itself: -run in; -tiptoe out.
The languages of the Semitic family are classified by Talmy [6] among V-framed languages, mapping the core schema (Path, Motion) onto the verb and the co-event (Manner, Cause) onto satellites (p. 222). Such languages are by definition Path driven ones, conflating Motion +Path, with Manner and Cause relegated to a satellite as in the following example:
'The boy left the playground running for fear of punishment. The boy-Figure, left- Motion + Path, the playground- Ground, run- Manner, fear of punishment- Cause. To describe this terminology more clearly Kudmacova offers a sample sentence [7; 211] John ran to the house.
John - the Figure, the house - the Ground, to - the Path, ran - motion. To conclude, I am supposed to say that this article has been devoted to a distinction between different types of information in verb meanings. By the collection of these pieces of information, the behavior of English verbs was presented and characteristic patterns were outlined. This article aids to comprehend more vivid presentation of movement. This written database which includes English verb examples can only be the initial point of the possible research.
REFERENCES
1. W. Frawley Linguistic Semantics, Hillsdale NJ 1992
2. Levin B. English Verb Classes and Alternations: A Preliminary Investigation/B. Levin. -Chicago: University of Chicago Press, - 1993. - 348 p.
3. Talmy L. Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Volume I: Concept Structuring Systems/L. Talmy. - Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, - 2000. - 495 p.
4. Levin, B. (1993). English Verb Classes and Altemations. University of Chicago Press.
5. Talmy, Len. 1985. Lexicalization patterns.
6. Talmy, L., 2000b. Toward a Cognitive Semantics (Vol. 2): Typology and Process in Concept Structuring. The MIT Press, Cambridge/London.
7. N. Kudmacova "On the semantics of English Verbs of Locomotion" 2009
8.Amanova Nodirabegim Furkatovna. (2022). effective method of teaching. conference zone, 53-55. Retrieved from. http://www.conferencezone.org/index.php/cz/article/view/124
