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ENGLISH AND KYRGYZ STABLE UNITS REPRESENTING FAMILY VALUES: SEMANTIC, LINGUOCULTURAL AND LINGUODIDACTIC ASPECTS
A.T. Toktogulova, Senior Lecturer N.D. Tashtanova, Senior Lecturer G.K. Koichumanova, Senior Lecturer International University of the Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek)
DOLW.24412/2500-1000-2024-9-4-257-260
Abstract. This article uses linguacultural analysis of stable units to describe family relations and family values and the concept of "family" in English and Kyrgyz society. The author also analyzes family values and the way of family life of the English. The author considers the stable units reflected in the phraseological picture of the world. Characteristic features of family relations of the English and Kyrgyz are highlighted.
Keywords: stable units, language, linguacultural, family, phraseological units, picture of the world.
The linguistic image of the world of each nation is reflected most clearly in its figurative expressions, which are winged phrases, phraseologies, and stable expressions. The language not only reflects the culture of the nation, the social structure, the mentality, the view of the world, but also preserves the accumulated social and cultural stratum, the most important and effective way of educating the next generation, the instrument of culture.
Language may be an indicator of cultural, psychological, and world views. National character traits, behavioral stereotypes, ethical and moral attitudes, etc. are seen through the prism of language. This makes it possible for scientists to approach language as an object that is capable of explaining such phenomena as consciousness, thinking, personality, society, and culture. As S.G. Ter-Minasova rightly points out: "The way from the reality to the concept, and then to the expression of it in words, differs from one nation to another because of the different historical, geographical and living conditions of these nations and, consequently, because of the different development of their social consciousness" [1].
Man's desire to describe the phenomena of the surrounding reality or to convey his attitude to them in a figurative form is connected with the emergence of the vast majority of phraseological expressions. As a result of the
desire to influence the listener, from the experience of speaking, to compare the phenomena of everyday life, to emphasize conspicuous features of one thing and to connect them with similar features of another, to compare them with each other, various types of figurative verbal turns were formed. It is necessary to analyze the mechanism of formation of stability of expressions before talking about formation of figurative means in language and determination of their inner meaning.
In accordance with the current theory, stable units are used in a constant context, i.e. they are unchanging combinations of words that have a phraseologically limited meaning. Stable units are formed by the transition of a decomposable combination of words (syntactic group) into a non-decomposable complex construction. This is mainly due to the fact that syntactic group words are perceived in their general meaning, not as specific individ-ualizations. Researchers are of the opinion that in order to transform a syntactic group into a complex word, isolation is necessary, i.e. the word combination as a whole must be isolated in relation to its constituent parts: the way of connection of the constituent parts may not be used in modern language or may have disappeared; the parts of the whole may have a development in which the whole does not participate, etc.
In the determination of the place of stable word combinations, the researchers make a distinction:
- Fusion words, which require separate spelling according to the spelling rules, but the complex of the combination remains unaltered (after sleeves, not work hard);
- Fused expressions (small biped, rubbing glasses), where the first part is conjugable or declinable [2].
English does not have a direct complement that belongs to a transitive verb. When the complement moves into the compound verb form, the semantics of the main parts of the compound verb form are shifted.
In the book "Phraseology: "Theory, Analysis and Applications" of V. Telia, N. Bragina and E. Oparina: "Phraseology can be considered as a testing ground for the anthropocen-tric view of language, and its main thesis is that the language picture of the world is determined by the thinking and culture of a particular language community" [3]. It is this connection that determines that language not only represents reality, but also reproduces cultural and national attitudes and traditions of native speakers from one generation to another.
The family is an integral part of society, and its importance cannot be diminished. There has never been a family without a nation, without a civilized society. We identified the following common indicators by looking at dictionary definitions of the term family:
- Family - an association consisting of parents, that is, a man and a woman, and their children;
- Family - people sharing a common dwelling;
- Family - an entire tribe or clan;
- Family - Persons related to each other by marriage or blood;
- Family - plants, animals and languages;
- Family - those who work together.
The analysis of different types of lexicography has made it possible to identify both universal characteristics of the term 'family' ('a group of immediate relatives living together') and national characteristics due to differences in cultural and historical
development and differences in language systems [4].
Soul of an English person is hidden behind seven locks. The eyes of a British person are difficult to call a mirror of his soul, sometimes there is nothing in his eyes, his speech is short, there are a lot of ironies in his speech, where there is a hidden sense. In the choice of clothes, work, family, the English are very pedantic. They have everything planned out. Everything needs to be done according to a specific, pre-planned scenario. The English family is a closed one from the inside - each of its members is careful to preserve his or her privacy. An indispensable point in education is to suppress one's feelings for one's children. Sometimes parents are very tender and respectful to their pets, kissing and hugging them even in public, without showing tender feelings for their child. To express such feelings for your child, even in the presence of others, is to show weakness, and this should not be permitted:
- Even-tempered (means to be cool-headed, unexited);
- Be on your best bahavior (means to be as good as gold, well behaved;
- To have a hand in (means to assist, to lead, to support).
The English carefully avoid manifestations of spiritual intimacy between family members, believing that there are often more barriers between them than between family and society. A cult of individual independence and self-sufficiency in British families can result in isolation. The closeness and protection of intra-family relationships in the mentality of English speakers is expressed in the perception of the home as a fortress under siege: "My house is my castle". The relationship between a man and a woman in England tends to be reserved: a man and a woman seldom interfere in each other's affairs. Behind the reserved smile of the husband and wife, there are feelings of shame, resentment, and anger, as well as feelings of affection. The English family does not have noisy scenes, clarification of relations. If you ignore these things, you will be able to stop any quarrels at an early stage and prevent them from developing into something more. Most English men believe that a wife should be a good
housewife first of all, they do not accept such qualities in their wives as stupidity, wastefulness, grumpiness, cunning, according to a survey of British newspapers (The Daily Mail, The Sun, The Time). For example:
- Until you meet a woman in court, you don't know anything about her.
- I hate women because they are always in control of where things are.
- As long as he does not love her, a man can be happy with any woman.
In English and Kyrgyz phraseology, where the family is treated as a spiritual value, the concept of "family" occupies a special place. There are a number of phraseological expressions in which "family" is understood from different points of view.
In the Kyrgyz social sense, family is "kinship based on marriage, acceptance of a child for upbringing in the family, unity of people with the same interests and mutual understanding, characterizing the community of life". In Kyrgyz society, the presence of
children in the family also reflects its value. And this is expressed in the stable units as ochor-bachar balaluu boluu, bala-bakyra koboyuu, orun-ochok alyp kaluu etc. [5].
Family values of the English and Kyrgyz people are presented in the form of love, care, trust, honesty, kindness, empathy, compassion, perseverance and many more are something we get from our parents. They knowingly or unknowingly instill these values in us to make us good human beings. Family values, which reflect the beliefs, roles, attitudes and values of one's family, are sometimes referred to as cultural or traditional values. Though the nuclear family and the joint family are very different in their nature, since they are a family, the parents try to instill the same core family values that they have received from their parents.
Analyzing set expressions conveying family values of both English and Kyrgyz nations, we found these common principles (Table 1).
Table 1. Stable units that convey family values
Value How it is transmitted in English How it is transmitted in Kyrgyz
Unconditional Love Head over heels, puppy love, to be apple of one's eyes, etc. Konulun kotoruu, tobosun kokko jetkiruu, terisine batpay kubanuu, katkyrygy tash zharuu
Character values Life and soul person,a people person, know it all person, Jack of all trades, etc. Ak konul, ak kol, alp ooz, baldaryna bash boluu, jaaly katuu, kuyup koigondoy, etc.
Social Values To be there for somebody, to have one's best interest at heart, to be a shoulder to cry on, to lend somebody a helping hand, etc. Jakshylyk kyluu, ishi onoluu, ishi ak, kabagym kashym deboo, karegi menen ten ailanuu, etc.
The family faces a very serious problem at the present stage of social development -cheating. Even such a concept has found its reflection in the phraseology, and at the present time it is also considered to be an integral part of the family relations. An unfaithful spouse is a very sad event in the life of a couple, which not only ruins the relationship between the spouses, but also gives rise to such feelings as mistrust, contempt and, in the end, discord or divorce. In the idiom, the concept of infidelity is expressed in a rather comical expression, such as the following "Make a cuckold of smb" - To make horns. Or another variant: "The eternal triangle" - love triangle [5]. In kyrgyz language there is such an
expression for this purpuse: ala jipti attagan. These phraseological expressions are widely used in everyday life [6].
The examples given above are a rich source of food for thought. We can conclude that the English way of life generally develops its own norm of human behavior in society, where there are no concepts like promiscuity and excessive openness. It is considered indecent for the British to talk about their personal lives and they try to avoid such conversations. They also avoid talking about salaries and their income. All this is aimed at establishing certain social norms, and the British emphasize human behavior rather than motives.
For the Kyrgyz, a man and a woman are With the help of the above-mentioned sta-
complementary to each other. Each of them ble units, the figurative and motivational ba-has his or her own role in life. Caring for the ses of the above-mentioned linguistic units family is a sign of high morality, and the rela- are expressed. Thus, we can observe a vivid tionship between husband and wife should be linguistic, in this case phraseological, picture based on mutual love and affection. of the world of the English and Kyrgyz lan-
guages and their people as a whole.
References
1. Ter-Minasova, S.G. Language and intercultural communication: textbook. - М.: Slovo, 2000.
2. Gak, V.G. National-cultural specificity of phraseologisms // Phraseology in the context of culture: based on the materials of the international symposium, Moscow, June 8-10, 1998.
3. Phraseology in the context of culture: on the materials of the International Symposium, Moscow, June 8-10, 1998 / ed. by V.N. Telia. - М., 1999. - P. 260-268.
4. Cross, J. The Oxford Book of Aphorisms. - Oxford England, 1983.
5. Boobekova K.S. ZhYrush-turushka bailanyshtuuu kyrgyzcha-turkchko phraseologizmder / insan Davrani§iyla ilgili Turk9e-Kirgizca Deyimler, Bishkek, 2013. 297 bet.
6. Kunin A.V. English-Russian Phraseological Dictionary. - 4th ed. and supplement. - M.: Russian language, 1984. - 944 с.
АНГЛИЙСКИЕ И КЫРГЫЗСКИЕ УСТОЙЧИВЫЕ ЕДИНИЦЫ, РЕПРЕЗЕНТИРУЮЩИЕ СЕМЕЙНЫЕ ЦЕННОСТИ: СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЙ, ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНЫЙ И ЛИНГВОДИДАКТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТЫ
А.Т. Токтогулова, старший преподаватель Н.Д. Таштанова, старший преподаватель Г.К. Койчуманова, старший преподаватель Международный университет Кыргызской Республики (Кыргызстан, г. Бишкек)
Аннотация. В данной статье используется лингвокультурологический анализ устойчивых единиц для описания семейных отношений, семейных ценностей и концепта «семья.» в английском и кыргызском обществе. Автор также анализирует семейные ценности и образ семейной жизни англичан. Автор рассматривает устойчивые единицы, отраженные во фразеологической картине мира. Выделены характерные черты семейных отношений англичан и кыргызов.
Ключевые слова: устойчивые единицы, язык, лингвокультура, семья, фразеологические единицы, картина мира.
