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Energy-resourse saving machine for preparing soil for planting root crops on ridges
Section 9. Technical sciences
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-16-11.12-125-126
Mamatov Farmon Murtozevich, Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, professor, Head of the Department of scientific-applied researches and Innovation, E-mail: fmamatov50@mail.ru Kodirov Uchqun Ilxomovich, Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, Senior research fellow-applicant (Republic of Uzbekistan)
Energy-resourse saving machine for preparing soil for planting root crops on ridges
Abstract: The results of studies on the development of combined machines for preparing the soil for planting root crops on raised ridges.
Keywords: technology, potato, soil, machine, hull, subsoiler, roller, coulter, ridge, fuel consumption.
Introduction. The main task of agriculture in Uzbekistan is the full satisfaction of our population with all kinds of root crops and potatoes in particular. Increasing potato production and on this basis to further welfare improvement of the population is one of the main tasks of agriculture. The main factors to the further development of the production of root crops are a great labor and very small-scale mechanization ofpotato cultivation processes in comparison with other sectors of agricultural production.
The existing technology for the preparation of the soil cultivated root crops is carried out mainly in stages, ie, single-purpose machines in several passes. This technology of preparing the ground for planting root crops involves fertilizing, plowing, soil preparation for sowing (disking, harrowing, forming ridges, etc.) [1].
Multiple passages of technology through the manufacturing field lead to an increase in undesirable soil compaction by the wheels of tractors and machines, which entails a reduction of root crops yield. Such treatment is not soil protection and does not meet modern requirements.
The need in a timely manner in a short time high-quality soil preparation, soil protection from excessive destruction and compaction of the planting root crops in the shortest possible time have caused the creation of soil preparation techniques for planting potatoes on ridges and combination machines combining several process steps in the implementation of this technology [2].
Objects and methods of research. The object of research is a combination machine for soil preparation for planting root crops on raised ridges. The research used methods of system analysis and rules of agricultural mechanics.
The studies were conducted in district Kamashi in Kashkadarya region of Uzbekistan in 2014-2015. Background — stubble of winter wheat. Soil type — light brown soil. The average slope of the terrain 3°. Humidity and soil hardness for horizons 0 ...10, 10 ...20, 20 .30 cm was 8,1; 11,9; 12,8% and 2,55; 3,01; 3,27 MPa. The amount of crop residues 0,728 kg/m 2.
The results of research. In Karshi Engineering-Economic Institute ofUzbekistan, a prototype of combined machines for preparing the
soil for planting root crops on raised ridges on the basis of the combined front of the plow is developed and manufactured. It is known that the front plows are different from traditional plows. They are small, does not depend on the length of the working width, and are symmetrically balanced compact design and low consumption of materials [3].
Combined machine comprises a circular knives 1, 2 subsoiler with opener 3 fertilizer, the right — and leftward winding screw plow bodies 4 and 5 with the guide plates 6, support roller 7, in the shape ofa convex-concave curve (Fig.1). Each subsoiler 2 is set in the front right -and leftward winding bodies along the symmetric axis. In front ofeach subsoiler and the body through its watering cut installed disk blades 1. The Working width B ofone module unit is equal to the width of the aisles formed.
Preparing fields for sowing root crops on the crests of the combined unit is as follows: first, circular knives 1 produce a vertical cutting of the soil in front of the subsoilers and watering cut bodies. This layer is separated from the soil of the array (Fig.1a). Chisel 2 loosens the soil on the ridge line formed at the same time a local fertilizer in two tiers opener 3. Then the body 4 and 5 with the guide plates wrapped in layers towards each other and form a ridge, and then prepare the final ridge, soil compactor 7 (Fig.1 b). Way subsoil loosening on line forming ridges promotes the formation of a step in the bottom of the furrow and subsurface layer, respectively, detention and the accumulation of water in the zone of root for the root crops. Thus, in a single pass machine is processing and preparation of soil for planting root crops on raised ridges.
The use of the proposed technology and equipment contributes to quality of soil preparation for planting root crops in a short time, prevention of soil from the destruction and excessive compaction, reduction of energy expenditure, the cost of labor and resources, increase of root crops yield.
The experimental sample of the combined machine is a reliable process for preparing the soil for planting potatoes on the crests in laboratory and field conditions. It satisfies the agro-technical requirements for basic quality parameters: depth loosening the ridge area of 41,4 cm, 27,4 cm height of the ridges, the soil crumbling degree of 83,1%.
Section 9. Technical sciences
Figurel. The design concept of the combined machines (a) and transverse aisle profile after passing the machine (b): 1 - disc knife; 2 - subsoiler; 3 - item for applying fertilizer; 4 and 5 - right-and - leftward winding body; 6 - guide plate; 6 - packer.
Conclusion. Tests and calculations have shown that the com- the fuel consumption — by 39 .„42% and operational cost — 36 bined use of the machine helps to reduce labor costs by 35 .38%, .41% in comparison with existing machines.
References:
1. Mamatov F. M., Mirzayev B. S. Protivoerozionniye vlagosberegayushiye texnologii i texnicheskiye sredstva obrabotki pochvi v uslovi-yax Uzbekistana [Anti-erosion moisture saving technologies and technical means of soil cultivation in the conditions of Uzbekistan] Molodoy uchyoniy. - Kazan, - 2013, - No 10, - P. 263-265. (Russian).
2. Mamatov F. M., Mirzayev B. S., Kodirov U. Pochvozashitniye energoresrsosberegayushiye texnologii i mnogofunksionalniy agregat dlya obrabotki i podgotovki pochvi k posevu [Soil protecting and energy saving technologies and multi-function aggregate for processing and preparation of soil for sowing] Molodoy uchyoniy. - Kazan, - 2013, - No 10, - P. 256-258. (Russian).
3. Mamatov F. M., Mirzayev B. S., Ergashev I. T., Mirzakhodzhayev Sh. Kombinirovanniy frontalniy plug [Combined front plow] Selskiy mexanizator. - Moscow, - 2011, - No 10, - P. 9-11. (Russian)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-16-11.12-126-128
Baltabayev Ulugbek Narbayevich, senior research associate - the researcher Tashkent chemical -technological institute, E-mail: Ulug85bek77@mail.ru
Influence of a fodder flour from nonconventional raw material on the microbiological processes occurring in mixed fodders at storage
Abstract: Results of research works under the analysis of influence of a fodder flour from nonconventional raw material on the microbiological processes occurring in mixed fodders at storage are resulted. The analysis of the data presented in work shows, that its introduction in a compounding, leads to decrease in intensity of development mushrooms and bacterial microflora in comparison with the control recipe that confirms their stable storage in current of 2 and more months.
Keywords: Mixed fodder, microorganisms, mushrooms, bacteria, storage, humidity, fats.
Compound feeds are difficult objects of storage in view of seeds, fish, meat and bone meal, products of conversion of grain content of a number of organic components in them — grain of and others, which are easily exposed in case of storage to destruc-cereal cultures, cakes, cakes received in case of conversion of oil- tive processes [1].
