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Mamatov Farmon Murtozevich, Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, professor, Head of the Department of scientific-applied researches and Innovation (Republic of Uzbekistan), E-mail: fmamatov50@mail.ru Shodmonov Golib Dustmurodovich, Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, Senior research fellow-applicant (Republic of Uzbekistan) Chuyanov Dustmurod Shodmonovich, Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, assistent-professor (Republic of Uzbekistan) Ergashov G'ayrat Khudoyorovich, Karshi Engineering-Economics Institute, assistent (Republic of Uzbekistan)
NEW TECHNOLOGY AND COMBINED MACHINE FOR PREPARING SOIL FOR SOWING GOURDS
Abstract: A soil-saving, energy-resource-saving technology for preparing soil for sowing gourds and a combined machine for its implementation are proposed. It is established that the use of a combined machine reduces labor costs by 48-51%, fuel consumption by 54-59% and operating costs by 62-67% compared to existing machines.
Keywords: technology, soil, melons, machine, deep loosener, rink, crest, fuel consumption.
Introduction. It is known that the priority direction wheat. Type of soil - light gray. The average slope of the
of improving the means of mechanization of cultivation terrain 20. Humidity and hardness of the soil horizontal-
oftilled crops, including melons and gourds is the devel- ly 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm was 8.5; 12.8; 13.7% and 2.41;
opment and creation of combined machines [1, 27; 2, 2.92; 3.23 MPa. Number of stubble residues 0,711 ct/m2.
32; 3, 86-88; 4, 125-126]. In melon growing, the num- Results of the research. In the Karshi Engineering
ber of operations that can be combined is processing and and Economics Institute, a new technology for prepar-
preparing the soil for sowing, fertilization and sowing. ing soil for sowing gourds has been developed, provid-
However, the analysis of the design of combined ma- ing for the following technological operations in one
chines for preparing soil for sowing melons has shown that pass of the machine [5, 23]: shallow surface loosening,
they do not provide full implementation of agrotechnical cropping and rotation of the sowing zone, deep loos-
requirements, energy-intensive, complex in design. There- ening, fertilization and formation of irrigation grooves
fore, the improvement of technologies and combined (Fig. 1).
ones, depending on the conditions of their functioning, To implement the proposed technology, we have
is an actual task of great practical importance. developed a combined machine (Fig. 2), which con-
Objects and methods of research. The object of re- tains a frame 1, on which ripper-flat cutters 2 and 3 are
search is a combined machine for preparing soil for sow- successively installed, left and right-handing bodies 4
ing gourds. The methods of system analysis and the rules and 5, a deep plow 6 with an inclined support 7. The
of agricultural mechanics were used in the research. lower inclined part of the post 7 of the deep loosener 6
Studies were conducted in 2017 in the Kashkadarya consists of two parts 8 and 9 that are diverted to the op-
region of Uzbekistan. Stubble is a stubble of winter posite sides with left-hand and right-hand knives 10 and
NEW TECHNOLOGY AND COMBINED MACHINE FOR PREPARING SOIL FOR SOWING GOURDS
11 and bits 12 and 13. A furrower with left- and right- part of the deep- 2 and 3 are installed at the same level throwing dumps 14 and 15 is fastened on the straight H with left- and right-leaning corps 4 and 5 [6, 17].
a) 6)
Figure 1. Profile of the cross-section of the field after loosening and rotation of beds (a); profile of the cross-section of the field after the passage of the aggregate (b)
The combined machine works as follows. Rippers 2 and 3 perform shallow surface loosening to the depth a^ of the right and left strips from the sowing zone with the width b, then the bodies 3 and 4 cut the strata with the thickness ap and width bk in the horizontal plane and wrapping them up from the friend stack on the loosened strip rippers 2 and 3. As a result, plant residues and their seeds and roots are completely removed from the seeding zone. In this case, the bodies shift the gravity center of the O1 and O2 layers by an amount greater than the width of the formation, i.e., S > bn. After that the bit 12 and 13 of the deep loosener 6 penetrating into the subsoil layer, cleaves the soil. The resulting cracks extend to the soil surface at a certain angle. Moving forward with the speed of movement of the unit, each chisel
12 and 13 lifts a separate soil from the massif. At this point, the knives 10 and 11 of the struts 8 and 9 are inserted into the zone of the deformed soil with the chisels 12 and 13, respectively. Each inclined part of the rack with the knife is installed at an angle to the horizon, taking into account the zone of propagation of deformations and destruction of the soil. The soil, chipped off by each chisel and rising along them, enters the knives 10 and 11 and, accordingly, the legs 8 and 9. This causes bending and stretching of the shavings of the soil in the longitudinal and cross sections, as well as some displacement of the soil, which will lead to its intensive destruction. Loose soil enters the left- and right-leaning dumps 14 and 15 of the furrower. The milling cutters further loosen and form a furrow.
Figure 2. Scheme of a combined machine for preparing soil for sowing gourds (top view)
The depth of the treatment of the shell should be sufficient to remove under the stubble layer of the soil with the roots of the plants. Proceeding from this, we take ap = 10-12 cm. The total capture width bk of the shells 4 and 5 should be equal to the width of the sowing zone, i. e., 2bK = Bc = Bm + b2. We take the depth of loosening a2 from the condition for the destruction of the plow sole.
On the basis of theoretical and experimental studies, the following are defined: the width of the hull is bk = 50 cm; the width of the sowing zone is Bc = 100 cm; distance between bits b1 = 70 cm; the width of the capture of flat-cutting paw rippers bp = 55 cm, the width of the chisel bit bd = 6 cm. We made an experimental sample of a combined machine. The conducted laboratory-field studies showed that the experimental
sample of the combined machine carried out a reliable technological process for preparing the soil from the winter wheat for sowing gourds. It satisfies the agro-technical requirements for the main quality indicators: the depth of loosening of the sowing zone is 41.4 cm, the depth and width of the irrigation furrows are respectively 24.7 and 71.2 cm, the degree of crumbling of the soil is 87.6%.
Conclusion. The conducted tests and calculations showed that the use of a combined machine provides a qualitative preparation of the soil for sowing melons in a short time, helps to protect the soil from destruction and excessive compaction, reduces labor costs by 48 ... 51%, fuel consumption by 54 ... 59% and Operating costs - by 62 ... 67% compared to existing machines.
References:
1. Маматов Ф. М., Мирзаев Б. С., Чуянов Д. Ш., Эргашев Г. Х. Агрегат для новой технология подготовки почвы под бахчевые культуры // Картофель и овощи.- Москва,- 2011.- № 1.- 27 с.
2. Маматов Ф. М., Мирзаев Б. С., Чуянов Д. Ш., Эргашев Г. Х. // Агрегат для предпосевной подготовки почвы // Сельский механизатор.-Москва,- 2011.- № 7.- 12 с.
3. Маматов Ф. М., Мирзаев Б. С., Авазов И. Ж. Агротехнические основы создания противоэрозионных вла-госберегающих технических средств обработки почвы в условиях Узбекистана// Природообустройство.-Москва, - 2014.- № 4.- С. 86-88.
4. Mamatov F. M., Kodirov U. I. Energy-resourse machine for preparing soil for planting root crops on ridges // European Science Review.- Vienna,- 2016.- No. 11-12.- P. 125-126.
5. Patent of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. IAP 05360. Method of soil preparation and sowing / Mamatov MF, Mirzaev BS, Chuyanov D. Sh., Ergashov G. Kh., Shodmonov G. D., Toshtemirov S. Zh., Buranova S. U., Kuziev N. M. // Rusmiy ahborotnoma.- 2017.- No. 4.- 23 p.
6. Patent of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. FAP 01125. Combined tillage tool / Mamatov M. F., Mirzaev B. S., Chuyanov D. S., Ergashov G. Kh., Kodirov U. I., Toshtemirov S. Zh., Buranova Sh. U., Shodmonov G. D. // Rusmiy ahborotnoma.- 2016.- No. 6.- 17 p.
