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5EFFECT OF INTEGRATED AGRONOMIC PRACTICES ON
THE GROWTH OF COTTON
Doctor of agricultural sciences, professor Seyidaliev Nizami Yaqub,
Mamedova Mina Zaman
Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan State Agrarian University 1Senior teacher, the Faculty of Agronomics
Abstract. Entering of optimum doses ofpotassium under a cotton improves quality of a cotton fiber. The raised humidity at cotton cultivation on the salted soils increases its productivity and reduces negative action by technological properties of a cotton fiber. The fertilization regime and plant density, including watering irrigation with magnetize water, which has advantages over plain water, all together had a beneficial effect on the growing and developing of cotton main stalk.
Keywords: fibre, cotton, potassium, water, fertilizer, agricultural, production
In the economic and social development of the Republic of Azerbaijan cotton production is of particular importance. Cotton is a valuable technical culture strategic purpose.
The most important objective of cotton production is to improve the culture of agriculture and an increase in cotton yield, improve the quality of its products.
One of the most important problems of agricultural production is to find new techniques and methods aimed at increasing the yield of crops. Cotton is one of the main branches of agricultural productivity of Azerbaijan and its development in the future, it is very important for our state. Increased production of raw cotton and increasing its crop capacity is a major problem of agriculture of the Republic. Currently we have trampoline the area under cotton compared to other crops is negligible. You have to grow it as a monoculture, and in this regard, the harvest of raw cotton is 21-23 kg/ha, and in some years is even lower. Increased production of raw cotton and the increase of its yield is a important part of a problem of agriculture of the Republic.
Given the importance of the development of cotton, growing in the Republic adopted the "Law on cotton growing" (May 11, 2010). As key points, the act provides for the production and processing of raw cotton; cooperation in the system of cotton production; controls and quality control of raw cotton; state support for the development and financing of cotton production [1].
One of the main factors of increasing the yield of cotton, along with the introduction of high-yielding, more disease resistant varieties with good quality, measures fibre, is the establishment of rational methods of farming, which include, primarily, the use of the optimal norms of fertilizers, irrigation regime and density of the plant state.
Increase of productivity lies in the development of science-based systems land-regalia, the introduction of intensive technologies of cultivation of agricultural, including cotton, continuous improvement of equipment and production technology.
With a small supply of phosphorus in the soil and excess nitrogen, the plants can be good growth, but will give fewer bolls and lower quality fibre, shrivelled seeds. Plants have a dwarf species with small dark green leaves. A lack of phosphorus nitrogen fertilization has no effect.
The use of fertilizers that meet the requirements of today requires carefully and balanced approach given the removal of nutrients with the plant and the consumption of their cotton. Only then, you can install the rational fertilizer rates, most fully makes up for the lack of nutrients without causing negative consequences in the form of environmental pollution of the natural environment.
One of the factors determining the growth and development of plants and high yield is to obtain early, friendly and full shoots. Uniform distribution of seedlings throughout the planting area provides a more complete use of the plants of water and nutrients [2].
The speed of emergence and completeness of germination depends on many factors, including the quality of seeds, temperature and soil moisture etc.
The effect of magnetized irrigation water on reducing the toxicity of ions of natural irrigation waters, as well as twice accelerates washing of salts from the soil than watering is a common method
Holding a watering magnetized water, the number of sympodial branches increased especially in 5 irrigation [4, 5].
With the increase in plant density decreases and the number of the sympodial branches. A similar pattern was seen in experiments conducted in the Karabakh region.
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Cotton under favourable conditions may continue growing period until late autumn and form a huge number of plan element. However, not all paragon can stay on the Bush until the end of the growing season and yield a harvest. Depending on the biological peculiarities of the plants and the adverse effects of external factors, primarily soil moisture nutrients and plant density of a certain part of them fall off. Sometimes due to poor farming subsidence is 60 percent or more.
For example, if 100 thousand plant on 1 hectare in the first embodiment, the number of formed productive elements of cotton amounted to 13.4 pieces, then the thickness 166 thousand, it decreased and reached to 6.6 pieces. However, as can be seen from the data that not all the amount of the formed productive elements of cotton is maintained until the end of the growing season on bushes of cotton. In our experience, almost half of the formed productive elements of cotton left before the end of the growing season. The largest number of fallen productive elements of cotton discovered in the third embodiment, where the 5 watering's with plain water in the first embodiment, received N250P200K75. In addition, the least number of fallen fruit elements found in the embodiments, where the watering is conducted minichannel water. The same can be said of the experiments carried out in the Karabakh region [3].
The number of boxes is an economic indicator of the overall harvest. The more boxes in 1 bush, and the higher the yield and vice versa.
Approximately, the same pattern was observed in experiments carried out in the Karabakh region. Weight of raw cotton in one boll is an economic indicator that determines the level of harvest and assess the variety. The higher weight of raw cotton in one boll, the higher total yield and the more valuable cotton species. The mass of cotton in one boll is a biological feature of the variety, but it may be affected by external factors, primarily nutrient, water regimes, and plant density [6].
Fertilizer and plant density effect on the mass of cotton in one boll in a different way. For example, if the high rate of fertilizer and a large number of irrigation contribute to the increase in the mass of cotton in one boll, the thickening of crops, on the contrary, decreases the weight of raw. In experiments conducted in both regions in the next five years, the best option was the option which was made N250P200K75 when the background density of 160 thousand plants/ha and 5 watering magnetized water.
Insights. Development and establishment of the rational fertilization, irrigation regime and plant density for different soil differences contributes to obtaining high and stable yields of raw cotton with good technological qualities of the fibre.
Fertilizing, watering and plant density are beneficial to the formation of boxes, a lot of cotton wool in one box and significantly reduces the percentage of the drop of the fruit bodies.
REFERENCES
1. Aliyev i. G. "Cotton Growing The Law", Baku 2010.
2. Seyidaliyev N. Y. The efficiency of fertilizer application on yield pop-jatnika in Azerbaijan Agricultural Science Bulletin of Uzbekistan" №3-4 (41-42) Tashkent-2010 page 7-10
3. Seyidaliyev N. Y. The growth and development of cotton under different plant density and fertilizer application Journal "Fertility" №5 (56) 2010 pp. 13-14.
4. Seyidaliyev N. Y. Komple tarimsal önlemlerin pamuq bitkisinde esas gövdanin uzama ve geli§mesine etkisi. Türk dünyasi ara§tirmalari Uluslararasi bilmlir akademisi //IV uluslararasi sempozyum bildirileri II cild Bioloji ve Ziraat Bilmleri Ankara -Türkiye-2012.s.57-62.
5. Seyidaliyev N. Y. The technological properties and output fibres in accordance with the norms of fertilizers, irrigation and plant stand density, 7th International Scientific and Practical Conference "Science and Society" 23-30 March 2015, London
6. Seitkuliev HP, Dyuzhev, G. A., Effectiveness of fertilizers in cotton growing. Probl. soil science and ways of increase of fertility of irrigated soils of Turkmenistan, 2002, pp. 103-111.
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