CC BY
77aspire for education, enlightenment, peace and creative, which has been made the slogan of the upcoming presentation.
It is for reason that the covers of the architectural epigraphy books designed in national style feature an embossed inscription from the 14 — century Al — Hakim at — Termizi memorial complex located in Termiz in Surkhandarya region: "He who seeks knowledge is sought Paradise", which has become a symbol of the series of albums.
Each book presents dozens of similar epitaphs, maxims, appeals and calls for good. For example, the central medallion in the Usta Alim Nasafi Mausoleum at the Shahi - Zinda Complex features an epigraphic inscription in gilded letters that talks about peace: "There is no peace except in concord, no togetherness except in the Verity, no modest behavior except in forgiveness, no friendship except in fidelity."
Heightened interest and fascination by our memorials and careful attitude have led to efforts to explore them. The texts presented in the books are diverse. They include purely historical inscriptions, or gravestone epitaphs that also present samples of not only calligraphic art but also full literary and historical monuments. The creative group has studied and deciphered inscriptions on world - famous architectural landmarks such as the Shahi -Zinda Complex, the Gur Emir Mausoleum, the Amir Temur cathedral mosque, the Bibi Hanum Mosque and Registan Square in Samarkand.
Equally interesting are albums focusing on epigraphy in Bukhara, Fergana, Navai and Tashkent city that offer a wealth of interesting and valuable information.
References
1. Uzbekistan Today News Agency, founded in 2006.
2. Information digest of press of Uzbekistan # 208 Tashkent, the Republic of Uzbekistan. October
18-19, 2016.
ECOTOURISM IN UZBEKISTAN Shoyimkulova M.Sh.
Shoyimkulova Makhzuna Shavkatovna - teacher of English language, DEPARTMENT FOREIGN LANGUAGES, BUKHARA ENGINEERING-TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, BUKHARA CITY, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: definitions of ecotourism are considered in the article. Also development of ecotourism in Uzbekistan is emphasized in the article. In addition interesting places for having a rest in Uzbekistan are told in the article.
Keywords: ecotourism, environment, deterioration, disbursement.
As a unique country, whose territory was home to an advanced ancient civilization and culture, Uzbekistan has huge capacities for tourism not second in its appeal to the best places in the world for leisure travel. The use of this potential is expected to be facilitated by the presidential decree "On measures to ensure accelerated development of the tourism industry in Uzbekistan" [1].
Ecotourism is currently seen as the most promising type of tourism, for its important environmental and educational value. As estimated by the World Tourism Organization (WTO), ecotourism ranks among the major strategic directions of tourism development for 2020. The share of ecotourism in the total volume of the global tourism industry has reached more than 10% in recent years, and its growth rate is two or three times higher than the rate of entire tourism industry.
Ecotourism came to light in the late 60's of the last century. The reason of keen interest in it comes to steady deterioration of environmental quality, as well as the remarkably grown environmental
113
consciousness of people. Given the upsurge in the rates of urbanization and pollution of natural landscapes in the foreseeable future, the interest in ecotourism will grow respectively.
There are many definitions of ecotourism. The one approved by WTO stipulates that ecotourism with observation and communion with nature as major motivation for tourists. The diversity of its forms includes ecological excursions (walking along the ecological path, visits to the museums on the territory of national parks, trips to farms with advanced agricultural technologies), rural tourism, caving (tours to caves), cruise on sailing ships, and observation of birds. Summer ecological student camps are another successful form of ecotourism. Hiking, cycling and water tours rank among the most appropriate ways of environmental education.
Ecotourism is directly linked with sustainable development of the country. Uzbekistan has a great capacity for ecotourism development with its natural and climatic peculiarities. There is unique nature, a variety of scenic landscape and rich cultural heritage.
The ecotourism development has also been contributed by the tourism infrastructure with more than 200,000 employees and 110,000 international tourist routes. More than 500 hotels, motels and campgrounds provide tourist services in line with international standards. Numerous ancient monuments of civilization and culture have been restored in the year of independence.
Boysun district of Surkhandarya region has a great potential for ecotourism, as it is located at the historic crossroads of cultures and religions, including Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and Islam.
Weather conditions are favorable for recreation and ecotourism. The large rivers like the Ugam, Chirchik, Zarafshan, can be used for participating a variety of sports and tourism.
Mountainous areas of Uzbekistan are most popular for Chimgan Mountains with their 3,309 meters peak of Big Chimgan. This area is the concentration of mountaineering trails, hiking trails, rock climbing, horse riding trails and ski trails.
The Boysuntau ridge is interesting for cavers for its deep caves: Boy-Buloq, Festival-Ledopad, Ural, and Kiev caves on Kyrktau plateau, Zaidman cave on the Chatkal ridge and others.
Another interesting place - the Sarmyshsay tract - is located on the outskirts of Kyzylkum. It is a gorge with a mountain river on the southern slope of the Karatau mountain range, 30-40 km away to the north-east of the Navai city. Sarmyshsay is known for the monuments of ancient human life, which are concentrated on an area of about 20 square km.
The approval of tourism development programs for Khorezm, Surkhandarya, Tashkent and Kashkadarya regions by the Government of Uzbekistan in 2013, which provided for the disbursement of more than $260 million, was a new stage in the development of this sector.
A program for building a developed ecotourism infrastructure in the regions of Uzbekistan for 2016-2018 years is currently under development in order to ensure the appropriate organizational, legal, infrastructural conditions for the further development of ecological tourism in Uzbekistan.
The implementation of the program will involve public and nongovernmental non-profit organizations. The successful implementation of the project activities is ensured by the fact that they take into account all the pro visions of the Law 'On social partnership' [2], which was adopted in 2014, and is called to regulate the interaction of state bodies with NGOs and other civil society institutions.
The experience of the states that have achieved significant results in the development of ecotourism, suggests that effective governance and regulation is particularly relevant at the stage of formation and is determining factor for building a national ecotourism market.
References
1. On measures to ensure accelerated development of the tourism industry in Uzbekistan"
presidential decree UP-4861. Tashkent, 2014.
2. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan 'On social partnership'. № ZRU-376. Tashkent, 2014.
